scholarly journals Divisive jobs: three facets of risk, precarity, and redistribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Raluca L. Pahontu
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A central challenge in understanding public opinion shifts is identifying whose opinions change. Political economists try to uncover this by exploring voters’ economic vulnerability, particularly the relationship between labor-market risk and redistribution preferences. Predominantly, however, such work imputes risk from occupational or sectoral characteristics. Due to within-occupational inequality in exposure to risk, considerable variation remains unexplored. I propose an individual-level, dynamic account of risk inferred from job tenure, contract type, and expectations of job security. These aspects, importantly, account for individual variation in risk and the possibility that one's experience of risk may change across time. The results indicate the usefulness of this approach to risk in understanding changes in social spending preferences.

The promise of flexicurity: Can employment and income security mitigate the negative effects of job insecurity?

2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2097547
Author(s):  
Mojca Svetek
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Income Security ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity ◽  
The Eu

Flexicurity is an integral part of the EU Employment Strategy. Flexicurity promises that it is possible to simultaneously provide organisations with greater flexibility and offer workers the necessary level of security. This is achieved by replacing job security, which stems from a permanent employment contract, with employment and income security. The aim of this article is to present an individual-level investigation of the relationships between various elements of flexicurity, examining how they affect psychological well-being and job satisfaction. A heterogeneous sample of 432 adults employed under various types of employment arrangements participated in the study. The results showed that the type of employment arrangement was the main predictor of perceived job insecurity. Moreover, perceived job insecurity mediated the relationship between employment arrangement and psychological outcomes. Finally, employment and income security failed to mitigate the negative effect of job insecurity. The promise of flexicurity is therefore called into question.

scholarly journals Electing to Trust: An Exploration of the Relationship between Public Opinion and Localized Processes on Judicial Selection

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 51-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D. Peterson ◽  
Christopher Hare ◽  
J. Mark Wrighton
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Trial Courts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Relationship

Public trust in government depends largely on the belief that institutions are fair and respond to the will of the governed. We expand on past research on the relationship between public opinion and state courts by studying how selection methods for both state and local courts influence popular attitudes about the judicial branch. Employing individual-level survey data on the responsiveness and fairness of state supreme courts and local trial courts, we find that respondents in states using elections to choose judges for state courts believe the judicial system is fairer. Further, the use of non-partisan elections for local trial courts has a positive effect on public evaluations of judicial fairness. However, views on judicial responsiveness are unaffected by means of selection at either the state or local level. Thus, nonpartisan or even partisan judicial elections do not have a negative effect on our measures of trust; indeed, when elections do have an effect, it is a positive one.

Perceived new demands associated with socioeconomic change: A challenge to job security?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Krause ◽  
Martin Obschonka ◽  
Rainer K Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Our study focuses on everyday manifestations of contemporary socioeconomic change. For a sample of young- and middle-aged German employees gathered in 2008 ( N = 281), we investigate the relationship of perceived rising demands regarding (a) the labor market and (b) the workplace context with subjective job insecurity. Regression analyses reveal a positive effect of rising labor market demands on job insecurity, which is buffered by education. The effect of education on job insecurity is mediated by rising labor market demands. Rising workplace demands show no effect on job insecurity for West German employees. In contrast, East Germans who experience rising workplace demands report lower levels of job insecurity. Results are discussed with a particular focus on rising demands in employment relationships.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Organizational Learning at the Individual Level and Perceived Employability: A Model-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7561
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wiśniewska ◽  
Kamil Wiśniewski ◽  
Robert Szydło
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Incentive Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The challenges of the modern labor market determine increased job insecurity and the growing importance of sustainable employability. Today, in an era of the growth of the world’s knowledge resources, permanent learning is indispensable in order to maintain or strengthen one’s employability. Therefore, this article aims to determine the relationship between organizational learning solutions at the individual level and perceived employability in the modern labor market according to the workers’ opinions. Studies conducted on the subject literature confirm the lack of research in this field. A survey was conducted among 351 employees from a number of organizations based in Poland and was performed using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI). The study’s results indicate that out of eleven analyzed solutions, people value those connected with sustainable actions the most, such as learning from one’s own mistakes (own mistakes), observing other employees’ work (observing others), self-education, incentive systems (contributing to an increase in the commitment to competency development), and providing employees with feedback on the results of their work (feedback). Moreover, it is important to state that EFA first revealed, and CFA subsequently confirmed, two factors: Factor 1, Practical Aspects, which includes organizational learning that covered such activities as incentive systems, feedback, self-education, modern technologies, and the use of case studies, and Factor 2, Active Learning, which consists of two activities—one’s own mistakes and observing others. The research results lead to the conclusion that Factor 1, Practical Aspects, had a significant impact on perceived employability, while Factor 2, Active Learning, did not have an impact on the general assessment of organizational learning in the context of perceived employability. The authors also present the diamond attempt toward actions that might be taken by organizations in order to enhance the employability of workers in general. The conducted research is considered to be idiographic and exploratory.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREER DEVELOPMENT, COMPENSATION, JOB SECURITY, WORK ENVIRONMENT AND EMPLOYEE LOYALTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faizal Samat ◽  
Muhammad Najmuddin Hamid ◽  
Muhammad Ameer Shafiq Awang@Ali ◽  
Wan Muhammad Iqmal Fazri Wan Juahari ◽  
Khairul Asraf Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Employee Loyalty ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

Malaysia has recorded the second highest involuntary turnover rate at 6% and third highest voluntary rate at 6.5% in South East Asia. Employee loyalty becomes critical towards employer. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between career development, compensation, job security, work environment and employee loyalty. In conducting this study, convenience sampling technique has been employed and respondents have been chosen in the area of Kuala Lumpur. Hypothesis were tested using regression analysis by using Smart-PLS. Based on the result, career development, compensation and job security were found to be significant with employee loyalty. However, work environment was found to be not significant with employee loyalty. It is suggested for future research to explore other variables in order to find the factors contributed in employee loyalty. Keywords: Career Development, Compensation, Job Security, Work Environment, Employee Loyalty

Examining Organizational, Cultural, and Individual-Level Factors Related to Workplace Safety and Health Awareness and Risks: A Systematic Review and Metric Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund W. J. Lee ◽  
Han Zheng ◽  
Htet Htet Aung ◽  
Megha Rani Aroor ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Promoting safety and health awareness and mitigating risks are of paramount importance to companies in high-risk industries. Yet, there are very few studies that have synthesized findings from existing online workplace safety and health literature to identify what are the key factors that are related to (a) safety awareness, (b) safety risks, (c) health awareness, and (d) health risks. OBJECTIVE As one of the first systematic reviews in the area of workplace health and safety, this study aims to identify the factors related to safety and health awareness as well as risks, and systematically map these factors within three levels: organizational, cultural, and individual level. Also, this review aims to assess the impact of these workplace safety and health publications in both academic (e.g., academic databases, Mendeley, and PlumX) and non-academic settings (e.g., social media platform). METHODS The systematic review was conducted in line with procedures recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). First, Proquest, ScienceDirect and Scopus were identified as suitable databases for the systematic review. Second, after inputting search queries related to safety and health awareness and risks, the articles were evaluated based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Third, the factors identified in the included articles were coded systematically. Fourth, the research team assessed the impact of the articles through a combination of traditional and new metric analysis methods: citation count, Altmetric Attention Score, Mendeley readers count, usage count, and capture count. RESULTS Out of a total of 4,831 articles retrieved from the three databases, 51 articles were included in the final sample and were systematically coded. The results revealed six categories of organizational (management commitment, management support, organizational safety communication, safety management systems, physical work environment, and organizational environment), two cultural (interpersonal support and organizational culture), and four individual (perception, motivation, attitude and behavior) level factors that relate to safety and health awareness and risk. In terms of impact, the relationship between citation count and the various metrics measuring academic activity (e.g., Mendeley readers, usage count, and capture count) were mostly significant while the relationship between citation count and Altmetric Attention Score was non-significant. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a macro view of the current state of workplace safety and health research and gives scholars an indication on some of the key factors of safety and health awareness and risks. Researchers should also be cognizant that while their work may receive attention from the scholarly community, it is important to tailor their communication messages for the respective industries they are studying to maximize the receptivity and impact of their findings. CLINICALTRIAL N.A.

Time’s Up! Shorter Hours, Public Policy, and Time Flexibility as an Antidote to Youth Unemployment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Eva Maich ◽  
Jamie K. McCallum ◽  
Ari Grant-Sasson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Scheduling

This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.

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