Globalization and comparative compositional inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-525
Author(s):  
Andrew Q. Philips ◽  
Flávio D. S. Souza ◽  
Guy D. Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Compositional Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relative Gains ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relative Factor

AbstractGlobalization has been one of the biggest driving forces of the last half century. There has been substantial disagreement about the impact that increased international integration has on income inequality. Though most agree that globalization positively affects economic output, it is no surprise that it leads to relative winners and losers within nations. The question that remains is where in the income distribution are these relative gains and losses occurring? We offer a broader picture of globalization's effects on inequality by using a dynamic compositional approach to test the impact of globalization and relative factor endowments on the composition of income. Using data from four countries, we model the effects of globalization on quantiles of the income distribution. Our findings suggest that globalization has substantial (and divergent) effects across income strata, and that these effects differ across nations based on relative factor endowments.

scholarly journals The impact of participation in employment-based retirement savings plans on material hardship

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-428
Author(s):  
BRADLEY T. HEIM ◽  
SHANTHI P. RAMNATH
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo contribute to a retirement plan (barring an increase in income), an individual must either reduce consumption or increase debt. Using data from the 2004 wave of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine the extent to which contributing to 401(k)-type accounts leads to an increase in short-term financial difficulties, particularly among low-income individuals. After instrumenting for plan take-up, we find that contributing to a 401(k) plan appears to have a small positive impact on the presence of any material hardship and debt holding among the lowest income quintiles, though that effect diminishes further up the income distribution.

Social Entrepreneurship and Income Distribution

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
María-Soledad Castaño-Martínez ◽  
María-Teresa Méndez-Picazo ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Galindo-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Social entrepreneurship is one of the most important forms of entrepreneurship, especially in the context of the current economic crisis. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the influence of a number of factors, such as income distribution, institutions, and human capital on social entrepreneurship. In addition, it analyses the impact of these factors and social entrepreneurship on economic performance. This chapter includes an empirical analysis, with Partial Least Square (PLS) estimation for 29 countries using data from 2012.

Social Entrepreneurship and Income Distribution

2017 ◽  
pp. 913-928
Author(s):  
María-Soledad Castaño-Martínez ◽  
María-Teresa Méndez-Picazo ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Galindo-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Social entrepreneurship is one of the most important forms of entrepreneurship, especially in the context of the current economic crisis. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the influence of a number of factors, such as income distribution, institutions, and human capital on social entrepreneurship. In addition, it analyses the impact of these factors and social entrepreneurship on economic performance. This chapter includes an empirical analysis, with Partial Least Square (PLS) estimation for 29 countries using data from 2012.

scholarly journals Forecasting major impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on country-driven sectors: challenges, lessons, and future roadmap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saket Kumar ◽  
Rajkumar Viral ◽  
Vikas Deep ◽  
Purushottam Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has produced a global health calamity that has a profound impact on the way of perceiving the world and everyday lives. This has appeared as the greatest threat of the time for the entire world in terms of its impact on human mortality rate and many other societal fronts or driving forces whose estimations are yet to be known. Therefore, this study focuses on the most crucial sectors that are severely impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular reference to India. Considered based on their direct link to a country’s overall economy, these sectors include economic and financial, educational, healthcare, industrial, power and energy, oil market, employment, and environment. Based on available data about the pandemic and the above-mentioned sectors, as well as forecasted data about COVID-19 spreading, four inclusive mathematical models, namely—exponential smoothing, linear regression, Holt, and Winters, are used to analyse the gravity of the impacts due to this COVID-19 outbreak which is also graphically visualized. All the models are tested using data such as COVID-19 infection rate, number of daily cases and deaths, GDP of India, and unemployment. Comparing the obtained results, the best prediction model is presented. This study aims to evaluate the impact of this pandemic on country-driven sectors and recommends some strategies to lessen these impacts on a country’s economy.

THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES ON DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCES OF INCOME: THE MEXICAN RURAL CASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
José Jorge Mora Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research is to determine the impact of migration and remittances on rural households’ income sources, as well as the implications of these impacts on the income distribution of the source communities. Using data from the Mexico National Rural Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional a Hogares Rurales de México, ENHRUM), the results show that national remittances and the predicted number of internal migrants impact in a positive way the incomes obtained from livestock activities. However, international remittances impact negatively on this income source due to the household’s loss of one of its members. Also, the results support the new economics of labor migration (NELM) hypothesis that points out that the remittances eliminate restrictions in different types of rural households’productive activities.

Development, trade, and the environment: how robust is the Environmental Kuznets Curve?

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Trade And The Environment ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relative Factor

This paper assesses the strength of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) which posits an inverted-U relationship between per capital income and pollution. Specifically, answers are sought to the following related questions: (1) How robust is the EKC relationship?; (2) To what extent can the EKC relationship be explained by changing trade patterns as opposed to growth-induced pollution abatement? With regard to question (1), the alleged weaknesses with the EKC are assessed and new EKCs are estimated using more appropriate econometric techniques. Turning to question (2), it is argued that the impact of trade liberalization on the environment will differ from country to country depending on whether or not they have a comparative advantage in pollution-intensive production. In turn, it is argued that this depends on a country's relative factor endowments and/or its relative environmental regulations. EKCs are therefore estimated in a manner that allows the impact of trade liberalization on pollution to depend on these country characteristics. The results indicate that the inverted-U relationship between per capita income and emissions is reasonably robust and little evidence is found to suggest that trade patterns are a significant determinant of the inverted-U shape.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Comprehensive Income: which potential effects on firms' performance evaluation and users' decision process?

2016 ◽  
pp. 55-94
Author(s):  
Pier Luigi Marchini ◽  
Carlotta D'Este
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Financial Analysts ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Comprehensive Income ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Impact

The reporting of comprehensive income is becoming increasingly important. After the introduction of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) reporting, as required by the 2007 IAS 1-revised, the IASB is currently seeking inputs from investors on the usefulness of unrealized gains and losses and on the role of comprehensive income. This circumstance is of particular relevance in code law countries, as local pre-IFRS accounting models influence financial statement preparers and users. This study aims at investigating the role played by unrealized gains and losses reporting on users' decision process, by examining the impact of OCI on the Italian listed companies RoE ratio and by surveying a sample of financial analysts, also content analysing their formal reports. The results show that the reporting of comprehensive income does not affect the financial statement users' decision process, although it statistically affects Italian listed entities' performance.

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