Stanlake Samkange’s Insufferable Zimbabwe: Distanciating Trauma from the Novel to Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Marie Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
African Context ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

This article theorizes the Zimbabwean writer Stanlake Samkange’s turn from the novel to philosophy as an effort to circumvent the representational pressure exerted by African cultural traumatization. In breaking with the novel form to coauthor a philosophical treatise called Hunhuism or Ubuntuism in the same year as Zimbabwe achieves independence (1980), Samkange advances a comportment-based, deontological alternative to the psychic or subjective model of personhood that anchors trauma theory. Revisiting the progression from his most achieved novel, The Mourned One, to Hunhuism or Ubuntuism thus offers fresh insight into the range of options available to independence-era writers for representing the relationship between African individuality and collectivity. At the same time, it suggests a complementary and overlooked relationship between novelistic and philosophical forms in an African context.

scholarly journals A cranio-incudo joint as the solution to early birth in marsupials and monotremes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Anthwal ◽  
Jane Fenelon ◽  
Stephen D. Johnston ◽  
Marilyn B Renfree ◽  
Abigail S Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vital Function ◽  
Jaw Joint ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
Joint Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMammals articulate their jaws using a novel joint between the dentary and squamosal bones. In eutherian mammals, this joint forms in the embryo, supporting feeding and vocalisation from birth. In contrast, marsupials and monotremes exhibit extreme altriciality and are born before the bones of the novel mammalian jaw joint form. These mammals need to rely on other mechanisms to allow them to feed. Here we show that this vital function is carried out by the earlier developing, cartilaginous incus of the middle ear, abutting the cranial base to form a cranio-mandibular articulation. The nature of this articulation varies between monotremes and marsupials, with monotremes retaining a double articulation, similar to that described in the fossil mammaliaform, Morganucodon, while marsupials use a versican rich matrix to stabilise the jaw against the cranial base. These findings provide novel insight into the evolution of mammals and the relationship between the jaw and ear.

scholarly journals miR-539 activates the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway to promote ferropotosis in colorectal cancer by directly targeting TIPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Zeyang Lin ◽  
Zhaopu Han ◽  
Zhengxin Wu ◽  
Jianyu Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Jnk Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Necrosis Factor

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor that harms human health with a high recurrence rate. It has been reported that the expression of microRNA-539 (miR-539) is low in several types of cancer, including CRC. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8/TIPE) is highly expressed in CRC and promotes the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of CRC. However, the relationship between miR-539 and TIPE and the mechanisms by which they regulate the proliferation of CRC remain to be explored. We aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of miR-539 in CRC proliferation. Functionally, miR-539 can bind to and regulate the expression of TIPE, and miR-539 activates SAPK/JNK to downregulate the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and promote ferroptosis. Our data reveal the novel role of miR-539 in regulating ferroptosis in CRC via activation of the SAPK/JNK axis, providing new insight into the mechanism of abnormal proliferation in CRC and a novel potential therapeutic target for advanced CRC.

Modelling the subjective experience of fun at work

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Clancy ◽  
Carol Linehan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychological Contracts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain some divergent findings on experiences of fun at work. It explains conflicting findings by moving from a focus on classifying the activity (as, e.g. task/managed/organic) to foregrounding the dynamics of the experience, adding to the growing conceptualisation of fun at work as a multi-dimensional construct.Design/methodology/approachThis research draws on empirical data obtained through case study and interviews with 13 participants from two organisations. These interviews were subjected to intense thematic analysis.FindingsIt was found that an individual’s underlying beliefs about the organisation; the perceived drivers of the fun practice; and the level of control exerted over a fun practice significantly shape the experience. The paper draws on the concept of the psychological contract to frame the relationship between these three key interacting elements.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a greater understanding of the dynamics of fun experiences, enabling management to better recognise and contextualise the impact of fun practices.Originality/valueGiven conflicting findings on both the experience and outcomes of fun at work, this study elucidates the dynamics underpinning the experience of fun at work. It is novel to consider experiences of fun through the lens of psychological contracts, which offers fresh insight into the understanding of individual experiences of fun.

scholarly journals Dimensionality of interpersonal trust and its relationship to innovativeness

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Heyns ◽  
Andrew Jearey
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
African Context ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Companies striving for a competitive edge need to have insight into factors that best promote innovativeness. Our quantitative study explored the relationship between sub- dimensions of interpersonal trust and innovativeness on both lateral and vertical organisational levels. The convenience sampling technique (N=95) focused on the members of the maintenance and production teams of a division within a large petrochemical company. Data were gathered through previously validated, structured questionnaires.Research on the specific combination of sub-dimensions and organisational levels has, to the best of our knowledge, neither been linked within the same study, nor within a South African context, before.Results revealed practically significant positive correlations between several sub- dimensions of trust and innovativeness that can assist management in developing more focused strategies to develop a competitive edge.Keywords: Interpersonal trust, vertical trust, lateral trust, cognitive-based trust, affective-based trust, organisational innovativenessDisciplines: Organisational behaviour, Innovative studies, Business studies

scholarly journals Mineralogical Analysis of Mortars in the Walls of Ávila (Spain) and Its Surroundings

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sonsoles de Soto García ◽  
María de los Reyes de Soto García ◽  
Rosario García Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biological Weathering

The present article evaluated the mineralogical composition of 85 mortar samples from some emblematic monuments of Ávila city (Spain), which were collected during the restoration of the monuments. The aim of this article is to try to extract the relationship between the composition and the origin of the raw materials, as well as to identify possible alterations in the samples. The study of the samples was carried out using visual and petrographic techniques such as stereoscopic microscope, XRD, and SEM/EDX analysis. The main components of the mortars were calcite, feldspar and quartz, although small amounts of phyllosilicates were also identified. The minerals of the mortars came from the surroundings of the city, and some of the samples presented evident alteration of the original materials due to humidity, salt concentration, and biological weathering, possibly inducted by unfortunate effects of the restoration. Finally, a study of the salts present in some mortars showed that most samples display contamination of soluble salts such as halite, thenardite, hexaedrite, and carnalite. This investigation offers fresh insight into historic building activity and related techniques, and should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.

Archives and Information in the Early Modern World

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Creative Collaboration ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
The Family ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

This volume investigates the relationship between archives and information in the early modern world. It explores how the physical documentation that proliferated on an unprecedented scale between the 16th and 18th centuries was managed in the context of wider innovations in the sphere of communication and of significant upheaval and change. The chapters assess how archives were implicated in patterns of statecraft and scrutinise critical issues of secrecy and publicity, access and concealment. They analyse the interconnections between documentation and geographical distance, probing the part played by record-keeping in administration, governance, and justice, as well as its links with trade, commerce, education, evangelism, and piety. Alive to how the contents of archives were organised and filed, the contributors place paper technologies and physical repositories under the microscope. Extending beyond the framework of formal institutions to the family, household, and sect, this volume offers fresh insight into the possibilities and constraints of political participation and the nature of human agency. It deepens our understanding of the role of archives in the construction and preservation of knowledge and the exercise of power in its broadest sense. Above all, it calls for greater dialogue and creative collaboration to breach the lingering disciplinary divide between historians and archival scientists.

The Prophetic Statement in Sophocles’ Oedipus the King and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: A Textual Comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Dokubo Melford Goodhead
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Things Fall Apart ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Oedipus the King and Things Fall Apart show fundamental similarities. This essay explores these similarities in an attempt to give more of a formalist interpretation and a somewhat fresh insight into Achebe’s path-breaking novel, anchored on his use of the prophetic statement. In drawing a comparison between the two texts, the paper is not seeking to engage in a “colonialist” or “neo-colonialist” critique. Rather, it employs the formalist approach to read Achebe’s timeless masterpiece beyond its use as an anthropological text in certain quarters of the Western academy in order to situate the novel in the tradition of the best literary writing.Keywords: Formal critique; prophetic statement; fate; agency; proverbs; character; colonialism; cosmopolitanism

Dialectics of Improvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Lee McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
James Hogg ◽  
Joanna Baillie ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Drainage ◽  
Insight Into

This book develops new insight into the idea of progress as improvement as the basis for an approach to literary Romanticism in the Scottish context. With chapter case studies covering poetry, short fiction, drama and the novel, it examines a range of key writers: Robert Burns, James Hogg, Walter Scott, Joanna Baillie and John Galt. Improvement, it shows, was not a unified ideal in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Scotland but rather a contested body of different ideas, some of which were mutually contradictory. The book untangles the complexity of this term that was applied variously to field drainage, elocution lessons, a taste for landscape scenery and the macrohistory of Western civilisation. As it explores, improvement provided a dominant theme for literary texts in this period, just as it saturated the wider culture. It was also of real consequence to questions about what literature is and what it can do: a medium of secular belonging, a vehicle of indefinite exchange, an educational tool or a theoretical guide to history. The book makes a significant contribution to debates around the relationship between Enlightenment and Romanticism, stressing a series of aesthetic innovations across the turn of the nineteenth century in a culture that was saturated by the dialectical workings of improvement.

scholarly journals Arthur Zuttner's Novel “Adjarians” and the Chorokhi Navigation Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malkhaz Chokharadze
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main River ◽  
The Press ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Chorokhi is the main river of historical southern Georgia. Interesting background knowledge about sailing on Chorokhi was preserved by the press and the records of travelers of the last quarter of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, as well as by the collective memory of the population living by the edge of the river. Interestingly, the Chorokhi navigation area has almost never been reflected in fiction. Therefore, the work “Adjarians” by Arthur Zuttner is undoubtedly of great importance.Arthur Zuttner, an Austrian writer, lived in Georgia with his wife Bertha from 1876-1885. “Adjarians” was published in Germany in 1888, and the Georgian translation by Rusudan Ghvinepadze was published in 2007.“Adjarians” reflects the reality of southern Georgia before the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78. The action takes place mainly in the Chorokhi basin. The author describes the Chorokhi boat and sailing in only a few episodes, though, quite extensively. The work deals with the navigation images described by Zuttner in the novel, especially how the Chorokhi navigation area is reflected in the work and what is the relationship between the relevant episodes of the novel and the objective reality. It is obvious that the writer has deep insight into the life of the Chorokhi sailors and the local specifics of the river sailing. Obviously, Suttner's text is an artistic interpretation of reality, but it must also be noted that the navigational narrative in Suttner’s novel, with a few exceptions, accurately depicts a number of 19th century details of the Chorokhi navigation artery. Consequently, the images depicted in the novel are undoubtedly interesting for the literature lovers and the readers of fiction interested in the history or details of life.

scholarly journals The duration of daily activities has no impact on measures of overall wellbeing

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Henwood ◽  
João Guerreiro ◽  
Aleksandar Matic ◽  
Paul Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activities ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Paradoxical Finding ◽  
Momentary Happiness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the longer we spend in happier activities the happier we will be. In an intensive study of momentary happiness, we show that, in fact, longer time spent in happier activities does not lead to higher levels of reported happiness overall. This finding is replicated with different samples (student and diverse, multi-national panel), measures and methods of analysis. We explore different explanations for this seemingly paradoxical finding, providing fresh insight into the factors that do and do not affect the relationship between how happy we report feeling as a function of how long it lasts. This work calls into question the assumption that spending more time doing what we like will show up in making us happier, presenting a fundamental challenge to the validity of current tools used to measure happiness.

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