scholarly journals The Interstellar Extinction Towards the Milky Way Bulge with Planetary Nebulae, Red Clump, and RR Lyrae Stars

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Nataf
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Interstellar Extinction ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Red Clump ◽  
Improved Accuracy

AbstractI review the literature covering the issue of interstellar extinction towards the Milky Way bulge, with emphasis placed on findings from planetary nebulae, RR Lyrae, and red clump stars. I also report on observations from HI gas and globular clusters. I show that there has been substantial progress in this field in recent decades, most particularly from red clump stars. The spatial coverage of extinction maps has increased by a factor ~ 100 × in the past 20 yr, and the total-to-selective extinction ratios reported have shifted by ~ 20–25%, indicative of the improved accuracy and separately, of a steeper-than-standard extinction curve. Problems remain in modelling differential extinction, explaining anomalies involving the planetary nebulae, and understanding the difference between bulge extinction coefficients and ‘standard’ literature values.

scholarly journals Local Stellar Kinematics from RAVE data—VII. Metallicity Gradients from Red Clump Stars

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. Önal Taş ◽  
S. Bilir ◽  
G. M. Seabroke ◽  
S. Karaali ◽  
S. Ak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Stellar Kinematics ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
Data Release ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Red Clump

AbstractWe investigate the Milky Way Galaxy’s radial and vertical metallicity gradients using a sample of 47 406 red clump stars from the RAdial Velocity Experiment Data Release 4. Distances are calculated by adopting Ks-band absolute magnitude as −1.54±0.04 mag for the sample. The metallicity gradients are calculated with their current orbital positions (Rgc and Z) and with their orbital properties (Rm and zmax): d[Fe/H]/dRgc = −0.047±0.003 dex kpc−1 for |Z| ≤ 0.5 kpc and d[Fe/H]/dRm = −0.025±0.002 dex kpc−1 for zmax ≤ 0.5 kpc. This reaffirms the radial metallicity gradient in the thin disc but highlights that gradients are sensitive to the selection effects caused by the difference between Rgc and Rm. The radial gradient is flat in the distance interval 0.5-1 kpc from the plane and then becomes positive greater than 1 kpc from the plane. The radial metallicity gradients are also eccentricity dependent. We showed that d[Fe/H]/dRm = −0.089±0.010, −0.073±0.007, −0.053±0.004 and −0.044±0.002 dex kpc−1 for ep ≤ 0.05, ep ≤ 0.07, ep ≤ 0.10 and ep ≤ 0.20 sub-samples, respectively, in the distance interval zmax ≤ 0.5 kpc. Similar trend is found for vertical metallicity gradients. Both the radial and vertical metallicity gradients are found to become shallower as the eccentricity of the sample increases. These findings can be used to constrain different formation scenarios of the thick and thin discs.

scholarly journals Search for extra-tidal RR Lyrae stars in Milky Way globular clusters fromGaiaDR2

2018 ◽  
Vol 483 (2) ◽  
pp. 1737-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Kundu ◽  
Dante Minniti ◽  
Harinder P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Rr Lyrae Stars ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Lyrae Stars

scholarly journals Detailed study of the Milky Way globular cluster Laevens 3

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 1498-1508
Author(s):  
Nicolas Longeard ◽  
Nicolas Martin ◽  
Rodrigo A Ibata ◽  
Michelle L M Collins ◽  
Benjamin P M Laevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Rr Lyrae Stars ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Magnitude Diagram ◽  
Mass Segregation ◽  
Stellar Properties ◽  
Lyrae Stars ◽  
Gaia Dr2

ABSTRACT We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of the Milky Way satellite Laevens 3. Using MegaCam/Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope $g$ and $i$ photometry and Keck II/DEIMOS multi-object spectroscopy, we refine the structural and stellar properties of the system. The Laevens 3 colour–magnitude diagram shows that it is quite metal-poor, old ($13.0 \pm 1.0$ Gyr), and at a distance of $61.4 \pm 1.0$ kpc, partly based on two RR Lyrae stars. The system is faint ($M_V = -2.8^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$ mag) and compact ($r_h = 11.4 \pm 1.0$ pc). From the spectroscopy, we constrain the systemic metallicity (${\rm [Fe/H]}_\mathrm{spectro} = -1.8 \pm 0.1$ dex) but the metallicity and velocity dispersions are both unresolved. Using Gaia DR2, we infer a mean proper motion of $(\mu _\alpha ^*,\mu _\delta)=(0.51 \pm 0.28,-0.83 \pm 0.27)$ mas yr−1, which, combined with the system’s radial velocity ($\langle v_r\rangle = -70.2 \pm 0.5 {\rm \, km \,\, s^{-1}}$), translates into a halo orbit with a pericenter and apocenter of $40.7 ^{+5.6}_{-14.7}$ and $85.6^{+17.2}_{-5.9}$ kpc, respectively. Overall, Laevens 3 shares the typical properties of the Milky Way’s outer halo globular clusters. Furthermore, we find that this system shows signs of mass segregation that strengthens our conclusion that Laevens 3 is a globular cluster.

scholarly journals The nature of the Galactic bulge: A view from bulge planetary nebulae and globular clusters

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S283) ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Kholtygin ◽  
Yulia V. Milanova ◽  
Igor' I. Nikiforov ◽  
Olga V. Vasyakina
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Thin Disk ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Galactic Bulge ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disk Subsystem ◽  
Chemical History

AbstractModern data concerning the planetary nebulae (PNe) in the bulge, bar and disk of the Milky Way are used to study the chemical history of bulge. We show that the abundance pattern is similar for PNe in the bulge and Peimbert's type II PNe. We also found that the globular clusters (GCs), especially their metal-rich disk subsystem, form on metallicity maps a bar-like structure which parameters are very close to those for the Galactic bar. These results evidence an old age of the Galactic bulge and bar. We propose a scenario of the successive star formation in the bulge, bar and thin disk.

scholarly journals Assembling the Milky Way Bulge from Globular Clusters: Evidence from the Double Red Clump

2018 ◽  
Vol 862 (1) ◽  
pp. L8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Wook Lee ◽  
Seungsoo Hong ◽  
Dongwook Lim ◽  
Chul Chung ◽  
Sohee Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Red Clump

scholarly journals Turnoffs and Ages of Globular Clusters

1988 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 635-636
Author(s):  
F. Buonanno ◽  
C. E. Corsi ◽  
F. Fusi Pecci
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Horizontal Branch ◽  
Rr Lyrae Stars ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Absolute Magnitudes ◽  
Lyrae Stars ◽  
The Way

The way to arrive at (even relative) ages for globular clusters involves the determination of their (relative) distances. We would like to see a theory which would fit the absolute magnitudes of RR Lyrae stars as determined from observations (Sandage effect). We have examined a sample of 17 CM diagrams of galactic globular clusters, 11 of which were observed at ESO and reduced with the program, ROMAFOT and 6 of which were taken from the literature. In Fig. 1 the difference in bolometric magnitude between the turnoff point and the location of the zero-age horizontal branch (ZAHB), δV RRTO (bo1) is plotted versus [Fe/H]. It turns out that δV RRTO ≃ δ RRTO (bo1) + 0.1 = 3.56 ±0.15. We are faced with the problem of determining how the horizontal branch scales with metallicity in order to understand the constant value of 3.56 in this relation.

scholarly journals The orbital evolution of UFDs and GCs in an evolving Galactic potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 2937-2957
Author(s):  
Benjamin M Armstrong ◽  
Kenji Bekki ◽  
Aaron D Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Orbital Parameters ◽  
Angular Momenta ◽  
Galactic Potential ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Galaxy Masses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Evolving Models

ABSTRACT We use the second Gaia data release to investigate the kinematics of 17 ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) and 154 globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way, focusing on the differences between static and evolving models of the Galactic potential. An evolving potential modifies a satellite’s orbit relative to its static equivalent, though the difference is small compared to existing uncertainties on orbital parameters. We find that the UFD Boötes II is likely on its first passage around the Milky Way. Depending on the assumed mass of the Milky Way, the UFDs Triangulum II, Hydrus I, Coma Berenices, Draco II, and Ursa Major II, as well as the GC Pyxis, may also be on first infall so may be useful for constraining the mass of the Galaxy. We identify a clear kinematic distinction between metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −1.1) and metal-poor GCs ([Fe/H] ≤ −1.1). Although most metal-rich clusters occupy predominately prograde orbits, with low eccentricities (e ≈ 0.35) and similar specific angular momenta and orbital planes as the Galactic disc, seven show potentially retrograde orbits, the origin of which is unclear. Metal-poor clusters have more diverse orbits, higher eccentricities (e ≈ 0.65), and half of them have orbital planes offset from the disc by 60° to 120°—twice as many as the metal-poor GCs. The UFDs have similar θ and ϕ to the metal-poor GCs, suggesting a similar origin. We provide a catalogue of orbital parameters for UFDs and GCs for two different Galaxy masses and their observational uncertainties.

scholarly journals VISTA variable survey in the Milky Way

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S262) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
M. Hempel ◽  
D. Minniti ◽  
R. Saito ◽  
P. Pietrukowicz ◽  
P. W. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Cluster Evolution ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Public Survey ◽  
History Of

AbstractOver the next 5 years the VVV collaboration (Vista Variable in the Via Lactea) will conduct an extensive survey of the galactic bulge and disk in the near-IR, using the new VISTA telescope. This public survey covers a field of 520 sqr. deg, including not only regions of high star formation, but also 33 known globular clusters and ~350 open clusters. The final product will be a deep IR atlas in 5 passbands for ~109 point sources among which we expect 106 variable stars. These will be produce a 3-D map of the surveyed region using well-understood primary distance indicators such as RR Lyrae stars. The observations will be combined with data from MACHO, OGLE, EROS, VST, Spitzer, HST, Chandra, Integral, and ALMA for a complete understanding of the variable sources in the inner Milky Way. Several important implications for the history of the Milky Way, for globular cluster evolution, for the population census of the bulge and center, and for the pulsation theory will follow from this survey.

scholarly journals A(1). Overall Structure: Nuclear Region and Halo

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Red Giants ◽  
Nuclear Region ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Long Period Variables

The objects from which the structure and the kinematical properties of the nuclear region and the halo can be derived are in general those classified as population II objects: the RR Lyrae variables, population II Cepheids, RV Tauri variables, long-period variables with periods near 200 days, novae, planetary nebulae, bright red giants as found in globular clusters, and the blue stars found near the galactic poles which are probably similar to those found in globular clusters.

The VVV Survey: Globular Clusters and more

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (S353) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Dante Minniti ◽  
María Gabriela Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Rr Lyrae Stars ◽  
Adjacent Section ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Areal Coverage ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Lyrae Stars

AbstractIn the efforts to map the Milky Way structure, the central regions have remained very difficult to probe. The VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Survey (VVV) is a near-IR variability Survey that scans 560 sq.deg. across the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the southern mid-plane. The main goal of the VVV Survey is to build a 3D map of the structure of the inner Galaxy and characterize its stellar populations. This survey has discovered different kinds of objects, such as globular clusters, Microlensing events, RR Lyrae stars, Cepheids, WITs, among others. The extension of the Survey (VVVX) is observing until 2020, tripling the areal coverage, and complementing the variability studies done by the VVV Survey.

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