scholarly journals Non-Strongyloides rhabditida identified in fecal samples – two case reports: lessons learned from morphological and molecular diagnostic approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERESA STACHURSKA-HAGEN ◽  
OLE HARALD JOHNSEN ◽  
LUCY J. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Dog Infection

SUMMARYNematodes in the order Rhabditida, including species ofStrongyloidesandPelodera, may be parasites of domestic animals. In this paper, we describe two apparent cases of rhabditid infections, one in a dog and one in a litter of piglets. The dog infection was originally considered likely to be an infection withStrongyloides, based on superficial morphological examination and PCR results without sequencing. However, more careful morphological analysis and inclusion of several molecular analyses, including sequencing, revealed that an infection withPeloderasp. was more likely, probablyPelodera pseudoteres. Treatment with fenbendazole and selamectin was apparently successful. Similarly, based on both morphological and molecular analyses the apparent piglet infections were considered most likely to be withRhabditisspp., possiblyRhabditis axei. The detection of larvae of nematodes in the order Rhabditida in fecal samples, particularly from dogs, may easily be considered as being indicative ofStrongyloidesinfection. Given the zoonotic potential of canineStrongyloides, correct diagnosis is important. However, as illustrated by these two cases, careful morphological examination and measurement, supported by full molecular investigations, including sequencing, are essential in order to avoid this misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Cheng Ma ◽  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Gongsang Quzhen ◽  
Hua-Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Dog Infection

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China. Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is the most serious prevalent area. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs. Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi between 2017 and 2019 were obtained from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS. Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17 407 in 2017 to 12 663 in 2019, while the registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017 to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog population has decreased from 14 336 in 2017 to 11 837 in 2019, while sheltered rate has increased from 84.6% in 2017 to 96.6% in 2019. Dog de-worming frequency has increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than 7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Increased dog registration, decreased dog population, and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decrease the dog infection rate in Linzhi. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management could significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp. in echinococcosis endemic areas.

In Support of Initial Parenteral Medical Management of Intrathecal Baclofen Withdrawal in Spasticity Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 875512252110392
Author(s):  
Brian L. LaRowe ◽  
Vicki M. Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Baclofen Withdrawal

Background: Spasticity may present as a wide range of symptoms and conditions. With this protean presentation, a consensus regarding the best course of treatment does not exist. Those patients most severely affected may receive significant benefit from intrathecal baclofen delivery. However, this therapy may itself lead to patient injury in the event of withdrawal. Objective: Withdrawal from intrathecal baclofen may devolve rapidly into a situation in which the patient may incur significant morbidity and even death. A focused, prompt treatment plan would afford the patient the best possible outcome. Methods: The medical literature was reviewed for reports of plans of treatment of baclofen withdrawal and the results obtained. The nature of this problem does not lend itself to a typical study design, depending on case reports and basic pharmacological science application. The paucity of such reports severely limits categorical comparison of patient characteristics and clinical circumstances. Clinical situations, patient characteristics, and therapies were considered and compared. Outcomes of the varied treatments were evaluated for efficacy. Results: Inaccurate diagnoses, delayed correct diagnoses, and the absence of a consistent, treatment plan contributed to widely disparate outcomes. Prompt, correct diagnosis and intensive care unit–based continuous benzodiazepine infusion with titration led to a controlled clinical situation and maximized patient outcomes. Conclusions: Patients going through withdrawal from intrathecal baclofen achieved best outcomes when treated with a continuous infusion and titration of an intravenous benzodiazepine. A well-defined treatment protocol employing this management, reporting serial outcomes, would enable further refinement of the treatment of this clinical problem.

scholarly journals A morphological and molecular characterization of vine mealybug populations (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) from Tunisia

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Mansour ◽  
Vincenzo Cavalieri ◽  
Gaetana Mazzeo ◽  
Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi ◽  
Agatino Russo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Vine Mealybug ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Some vine mealybug, <em>Planococcus ficus </em>(Signoret) populations in Tunisian vineyards have been morphologically and genetically characterized. The morphological examination was based on the main distinctive characteristics of species of <em>Planococcus</em>, namely the number and distribution of the multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts on the adult female. This showed the existence of two different vine mealybug populations in Tunisia. Likewise, in the molecular analyses, two separate clades were revealed in the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, supporting the morphological studies and suggesting that there are two distinct populations of <em>P. ficus</em> on grapevine in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Clinical use of optical coherence tomography and fractional flow reserve

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovic ◽  
Milovan Petrovic ◽  
Milenko Cankovic ◽  
Anastazija Stojsic-Milosavljevic ◽  
Snezana Cemerlic
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
Flow Reserve

Introduction. The aim of each diagnostic method is to serve as a guide in deciding about the right patient treatment. During myocardial revascularization the decision to perform revascularization is usually not easy to make, especially in case of borderline stenosis. It has been proven that it is not enough to base morphological evaluation of coronary artery vessel stenosis solely on angiography. It is necessary to include additional modern diagnostic methods for functional analysis and detailed morphological analysis using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. Case reports. In the first case report we showed the significance of morphological analysis using OCT and proved that it was not lumen stenosis. The second and the third case reports showed the complementarity between functional analysis (FFR) and morphological analysis (OCT) of stenosis in solving a complex coronary disease. The fourth case report showed the significance of OCT in dealing with the recurrent stent restenosis. Conclusion. By these short case reports we confirmed that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guided by angiography is definitely not enough in deciding about myocardial revascularization especially in patients with a complex coronary disease. In certain cases FFR and OCT procedures can be complementary methods and improve quality of revascularization, particularly in the case of recurrent in-stent restenosis.

scholarly journals (A292) Disaster Assessment and Gathering Medical Intelligence Following a Major Public Health or Complex Humanitarian Emergency

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s81-s81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Chain Condition ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Disaster Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Trends

IntroductionImmediately following a major public health emergency or complex humanitarian emergency such as the South East Asian Tsunami in 2004, the Haitian Earthquake in 2010 or Hurricane Katrina in 2005, there is a critical need to rapidly and as accurately as possible gather information not limited to morbidity and mortality, but necessary to assess the stability and existence of a public health or medical infrastructure, logistic supply chain, condition of food, water and shelter for victims and rescue workers, and particularly the security and stability of the region following the incident. With this information, only then can an effective humanitarian response be planned and executed that meets the actual versus perceived needs of an affected population.MethodsSpecific disaster risk assessment and medical intelligence techniques will be presented that are currently used by a variety of relief organizations. Specific topics of discussion include: Disaster epidemiology; Indicators of health in populations; Systems of surveillance; Impact of weather and climate; Displaced populations and refugee health; Tactical and combat medical intelligence; Zoonotic diseases; Agricultural trends and food security; Public health and health system infrastructure assessment; and Personal and physical security concerns.ConclusionsUtilizing case reports, best-practices and lessons learned from numerous international humanitarian responses, this session will guide participants though the performance of a rapid disaster assessment and the gathering of critical medical intelligence to determine the kinds and types of resources needed in an affected area. And the process of utilizing limited information to plan humanitarian relief efforts.

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