scholarly journals Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: an assessment of nutritionally based extinction models – ERRATUM

Paleobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-516
Author(s):  
Christina I. Barrón-Ortiz ◽  
Christopher N. Jass ◽  
Raúl Barrón-Corvera ◽  
Jennifer Austen ◽  
Jessica M. Theodor
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Dental Wear

scholarly journals Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: an assessment of nutritionally based extinction models

Paleobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina I. Barrón-Ortiz ◽  
Christopher N. Jass ◽  
Raúl Barrón-Corvera ◽  
Jennifer Austen ◽  
Jessica M. Theodor
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Disequilibrium Model ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Systemic Stress ◽  
Glacial Time

AbstractApproximately 50,000–11,000 years ago many species around the world became extinct or were extirpated at a continental scale. The causes of the late Pleistocene extinctions have been extensively debated and continue to be poorly understood. Several extinction models have been proposed, including two nutritionally based extinction models: the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient models. These models draw upon the individualistic response of plant species to climate change to present a plausible scenario in which nutritional stress is considered one of the primary causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions.In this study, we tested predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient extinction models through the study of dental wear and enamel hypoplasia of Equus and Bison from various North American localities. The analysis of the dental wear (microwear and mesowear) of the samples yielded results that are consistent with predictions established for the coevolutionary disequilibrium model, but not for the mosaic-nutrient model. These ungulate species show statistically different dental wear patterns (suggesting dietary resource partitioning) during preglacial and full-glacial time intervals, but not during the postglacial in accordance with predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium model. In addition to changes in diet, these ungulates, specifically the equid species, show increased levels of enamel hypoplasia during the postglacial, indicating higher levels of systemic stress, a result that is consistent with the models tested and with other climate-based extinction models. The extent to which the increase in systemic stress was detrimental to equid populations remains to be further investigated, but suggests that environmental changes during the late Pleistocene significantly impacted North American equids.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene range expansion of North American topminnows accompanied by admixture and introgression

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2126-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Duvernell ◽  
Eric Westhafer ◽  
Jacob F. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Range Expansion

scholarly journals Ancient individuals from the North American Northwest Coast reveal 10,000 years of regional genetic continuity

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. 4093-4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lindo ◽  
Alessandro Achilli ◽  
Ugo A. Perego ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Cristina Valdiosera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Genetic Continuity ◽  
Low Coverage

Recent genomic studies of both ancient and modern indigenous people of the Americas have shed light on the demographic processes involved during the first peopling. The Pacific Northwest Coast proves an intriguing focus for these studies because of its association with coastal migration models and genetic ancestral patterns that are difficult to reconcile with modern DNA alone. Here, we report the low-coverage genome sequence of an ancient individual known as “Shuká Káa” (“Man Ahead of Us”) recovered from the On Your Knees Cave (OYKC) in southeastern Alaska (archaeological site 49-PET-408). The human remains date to ∼10,300 calendar (cal) y B.P. We also analyze low-coverage genomes of three more recent individuals from the nearby coast of British Columbia dating from ∼6,075 to 1,750 cal y B.P. From the resulting time series of genetic data, we show that the Pacific Northwest Coast exhibits genetic continuity for at least the past 10,300 cal y B.P. We also infer that population structure existed in the late Pleistocene of North America with Shuká Káa on a different ancestral line compared with other North American individuals from the late Pleistocene or early Holocene (i.e., Anzick-1 and Kennewick Man). Despite regional shifts in mtDNA haplogroups, we conclude from individuals sampled through time that people of the northern Northwest Coast belong to an early genetic lineage that may stem from a late Pleistocene coastal migration into the Americas.

Measuring Late Quaternary Ursid Diminution in the Midwest

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Wolverton ◽  
R.Lee Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
American Midwest ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Black ◽  
American Black Bears ◽  
Average Size

Paleobiologists generally agree that within the past 10,000 yr North American black bears (Ursus americanus) have decreased in body and tooth size. Some researchers infer that diminution was gradual and continuous; thus, one might infer that a specimen is old if it is larger than an average-size modern bear. Ursid remains recovered in the 1950s from Lawson Cave, Missouri, that are larger than some modern bears have been reported to date to the late Pleistocene, but association with modern taxa, taphonomic considerations, and a radiocarbon date of 200 yr B.P. indicate that they are modern. Modern specimens from Lawson Cave and other parts of the American Midwest are relatively large compared to modern North American black bears from other areas, suggesting that many supposed late Pleistocene bears from the area might be modern also.

OMALONOMUS RELICTUS, AN UNUSUAL NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE, OMALHNAE) OF BLIND ROVE BEETLE; A PREGLACIAL (TERTIARY?) RELICT IN THE CYPRESS HILLS, ALBERTA–SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Campbell ◽  
S.B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Subterranean Habitat

AbstractOmalonomus relictus, a highly modified new genus and new species of soil-dwelling rove beetle, is described from the Cypress Hills of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The structural peculiarities associated with its subterranean habitat are discussed and illustrated. Moore and Legner’s (1974) key to the genera of North American Omaliinae is modified to assist in the identification of adults of the genus. The occurrence of this blind, slightly pigmented, flightless beetle in the soil of the Cypress Hills supports the hypothesis that at least part of this area was unglaciated and served as a refugium during late Pleistocene glacial advances.

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