scholarly journals Social networks and labor market inequality between ethnicities and races

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
OTT TOOMET ◽  
MARCO VAN DER LEIJ ◽  
MEREDITH ROLFE
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
The Us ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between unexplained racial/ethnic wage differentials on the one hand and social network segregation, as measured by inbreeding homophily, on the other. Our analysis is based on both the US and Estonian surveys, supplemented with the Estonian telephone communication data. In the case of Estonia we consider the regional variation in economic performance of the Russian minority, and in the US case we consider the regional variation in black--white differentials. Our analysis finds a strong relationship between the size of the wage differential and network segregation: Regions with more segregated social networks exhibit larger unexplained wage gaps.

Turoyo Neo-Aramaic in northern New Jersey

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Michelle Weaver ◽  
George A. Kiraz
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Us ◽  
The One ◽  
Syriac Orthodox

AbstractTuroyo, an endangered Neo-Aramaic language that originated in the area of Tur Abdin in southeastern Turkey and had not been written prior to this century, is spoken today by around 50,000 people scattered worldwide. Spurred on by persecution, Turoyo-speaking immigrants began to arrive in the US as early as the late 1890s. We focus our study on a northern New Jersey community in which Turoyo is spoken. This tight-knit community, whose religious and social center is the Mor Gabriel Syriac Orthodox Church, is made up of around 200 families. The community is working hard to pass the language on to their children through speaking Turoyo in the home and in church, and also through programs including a specially created Sunday school curriculum, a weekly Aramaic school, and a summer day camp. However, despite the community’s best efforts, language shift is taking place. We use a sociolinguistic approach involving sociolinguistic methods and interviews to show that family, social networks, and religion influence who is most likely to be a proficient speaker of Turoyo in this community, but that identity is the one sociolinguistic variable that can best account for the variety of cases in which language shift is taking place.

Sport Volunteerism and Social Capital

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Harvey ◽  
Maurice Lévesque ◽  
Peter Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on the relationship between sport volunteerism and social capital, defined here as a resource that stems from participation in certain social networks. A position generator and a resources generator were used to measure the social capital of respondents. Results from this pilot study survey, exploring several aspects of volunteerism in sport in two Canadian communities (one in Québec, the other in Ontario), show a strong relationship between volunteerism in sport and social capital but do not allow a precise measure of the direction of this relationship. Results also show stronger relationships between sport volunteerism and social capital when we control for gender, language, and age.

scholarly journals Characteristics of telehealth users in NYC for COVID-related care during the coronavirus pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949-1954
Author(s):  
Ellerie Weber ◽  
Sarah J Miller ◽  
Varuna Astha ◽  
Teresa Janevic ◽  
Emma Benn
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objective To explore whether racial/ethnic differences in telehealth use existed during the peak pandemic period among NYC patients seeking care for COVID-19 related symptoms. Materials and Methods This study used data from a large health system in NYC – the epicenter of the US crisis – to describe characteristics of patients seeking COVID-related care via telehealth, ER, or office encounters during the peak pandemic period. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated the magnitude of the relationship between patient characteristics and the odds of having a first encounter via telehealth versus ER or office visit, and then used regression parameter estimates to predict patients’ probabilities of using different encounter types given their characteristics. Results Demographic factors, including race/ethnicity and age, were significantly predictive of telehealth use. As compared to Whites, Blacks had higher adjusted odds of using both the ER versus telehealth (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 4.0-4.6) and office visits versus telehealth (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5). For Hispanics versus Whites, the analogous ORs were 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3-2.7) and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3). Compared to any age groups, patients 65+ had significantly higher odds of using either ER or office visits versus telehealth. Conclusions The response to COVID-19 has involved an unprecedented expansion in telehealth. While older Americans and minority populations among others are known to be disadvantaged by the digital divide, few studies have examined disparities in telehealth specifically, and none during COVID-19. Additional research into sociodemographic heterogeneity in telehealth use is needed to prevent potentially further exacerbating health disparities overall.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AIRLINES’ SIZE AND LABOUR COSTS ON PROFITABILITY

Aviation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Matías Ginieis ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara ◽  
María Victòria Sánchez-Rebull
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

It is important to examine profitability in the aviation sector and the factors that may affect it, due to their relevance for the airlines’ survival. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of three internal business characteristics,namely labour costs, labour productivity and company size, on airlines’ profitability, considering the airline type as a moderating effect. We have collected data of 190 European airlines during a 10-year period (2004–2013) which allowed us to create an unbalanced panel of 1,364 observations. Four types of airlines are considered. Results show that cost per employee has a positive influence on economic performance, especially for major carriers and regional carriers. It is also confirmed that the carrier type influences the relationship between labour costs, labour productivity and company size on the one hand, and economic returns on the other. These findings are relevant as they improve our understanding of economic profitability in different airlines’ types.

scholarly journals A Novel Centrality for Finding Key Persons in a Social Network by the Bi-Directional Influence Map

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Chin-Yi Chen ◽  
Jih-Jeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Realistic Problem ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Symmetry is one of the important properties of Social networks to indicate the co-existence relationship between two persons, e.g., friendship or kinship. Centrality is an index to measure the importance of vertices/persons within a social network. Many kinds of centrality indices have been proposed to find prominent vertices, such as the eigenvector centrality and PageRank algorithm. PageRank-based algorithms are the most popular approaches to handle this task, since they are more suitable for directed networks, which are common situations in social media. However, the realistic problem in social networks is that the process to find true important persons is very complicated, since we should consider both how the influence of a vertex affects others and how many others follow a given vertex. However, past PageRank-based algorithms can only reflect the importance on the one side and ignore the influence on the other side. In addition, past algorithms only view the transition from one status to the next status as a linear process without considering more complicated situations. In this paper, we develop a novel centrality to find key persons within a social network by a proposed synthesized index which accounts for both the inflow and outflow matrices of a vertex. Besides, we propose different transition functions to represent the relationship from status to status. The empirical studies compare the proposed algorithms with the conventional algorithms and show the differences and flexibility of the proposed algorithm.

The Ideational Shaping of State Power and Capacity: Winning Battles but Losing the War over Bank Reform in the US and UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Bell ◽  
Andrew Hindmoor
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bank Reform ◽  
The One ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article extends a recent line of research arguing that the power and capacity of political actors (including states) is not just the product of particular fixed attributes but is also the outcome of politicalrelationsbetween key interlocutors, including ideational relations. State elites, especially government leaders, have persisted with a mindset that still values the economic centrality of a large and complex banking sector. This way of thinking has conditioned the relationship between, on the one hand, the US and UK governments and, on the other, Wall Street and the City of London and has led to a form of ‘dysfunctional embeddedness’. Government leaders may have been able to win high-profile policy victories over the banking sector in the post-crisis period, but in accepting a large, complex and constantly evolving financial system with high levels of systemic risk, they have unwittingly placed themselves at a continuing disadvantage in the regulatory arena.

scholarly journals Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Systemic Racism: The Roles of Perceptions of Inequities, Civic Values, and Conservatism in Mask-Wearing Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wegemer ◽  
Luise von Keyserlingk
Keyword(s):  
Political Orientation ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Civic Values ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Amid unprecedented political polarization, the US continues to grapple with the simultaneous crises of COVID-19 and structural racism. We examine potential predictors of COVID-19 mask-wearing at the intersection of these crises, with particular attention to the behavior of conservatives and young people, who have resisted compliance with efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19. Specifically, we investigate perceptions of racial/ethnic inequities in the healthcare system and civic values as predictors of COVID-19 mask-wearing frequency and potential moderators of the relationship between political orientation and COVID-19 mask-wearing frequency. Diverse college students at a university in southern California participated in our longitudinal survey, which was initiated prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 431). We found that perceptions of inequities and civic values predicted mask-wearing, whereas political conservatism was negatively related to mask-wearing. Further, conservative participants were more likely to wear masks if they reported greater perceptions of inequities. Our results provide a foundation for future research that may inform targeted public health interventions aimed at encouraging responsible COVID-19 behavior and fostering dialogue on structural equities in a contentious political environment.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. DOWD ◽  
A. E. AIELLO ◽  
D. E. ALLEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThere is a strong relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes in the United States, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Increasing evidence points to links between lifelong exposure to infectious disease and subsequent chronic disease. Exposure and susceptibility to infections may be one way SES affects long-term health, although little population-based research to date has examined social patterning of infections in the United States. This paper tests the relationship between income, education, race/ethnicity and seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at different ages in a representative sample of the US population, and tests potential mediators for these relationships. The study finds significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in CMV seroprevalence beginning at early ages and persisting into middle age. Potential exposures do not explain the relationship between SES and CMV positivity. Because reactivation of latent CMV infections may contribute to chronic disease and immune decline later in life, future research should determine the exposure or susceptibility pathways responsible for these disparities in the prevalence of CMV infection.

scholarly journals An Approach to 18th Century American Exploration Using Automatic Correspondence Analysis

AWARI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lucas Kiektik ◽  
Andres Lucas García Fiorini
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analysis Of Social Networks

The relationship between America and Europe has been characterized by asymmetry. Towards the end of the 18th century, in the face of the English boom, the Spanish crown began a series of reforms, including sponsoring scientific expeditions. Among them is the one directed by José Celestino Mutis. This work, which mainly uses text mining techniques and analysis of social networks, addresses the understanding of this exploratory project, its motives, difficulties, and consequences, through the automated study of the epistolary file of the aforementioned scientist during the period 1760- 1808. The results of the processing and interpretation were put in relation to the known antecedents, regarding the author's interests, type of relationships, and resources that he implemented to carry out his project and how this was expressed in the correspondence.

Gender, family and business

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Guo ◽  
Jon M. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Us ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between family responsibilities and family support, on the one hand, and decisions by men and women concerning owning a business, as well as how many hours they work in that business. Design/methodology/approach The authors used data collected by the US Current Population Survey between 1989 and 2011 and had a starting sample of 1,258,430 individuals, and a final sample of 27,147. Findings The authors found that both women and men are more inclined to own a business when they are married, have children or receive financial support from their spouse. They also found widespread gender differences in these analyses. The influence of family-related issues on owning a business is stronger for women than for men. Originality/value The findings indicate that male business owners work longer hours if they have young children. In contrast, female business owners reduce their work hours if they are married, have young children and receive support from their spouse. Implications are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document