scholarly journals Who Wishes to Return? Ties to Home Country among the Romanian Migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-890
Author(s):  
Sergiu Gherghina ◽  
Aurelian Plopeanu
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Intention To Return

AbstractThe research focusing on return migration from the perspective of migrants’ relationship with the country of origin has emphasized the emotional and economic ties. Quite often, these ties have been examined separately and there is little indication of what counts more. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyzes the extent to which the sense of belonging, media consumption, networks of friends, and regular visits in the country of origin could affect the intention to return. It controls for remittances, voting in the elections of their home country, and age. The empirical analysis uses an original dataset including individual level data. This was collected through an online survey in January 2018 on a sample of 1,839 first generation migrants from Romania.

The influence of immigrant status and concentration on psychiatric disorder in Canada: a multi-level analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2221-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Menezes ◽  
K. Georgiades ◽  
M. H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Immigrant Concentration ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Neighborhood Level

BackgroundMany studies have reported an increased incidence of psychiatric disorder (particularly psychotic disorders) among first generation adult immigrants, along with an increasing risk for ethnic minorities living in low-minority concentration neighborhoods. These studies have depended mostly on European case-based databases. In contrast, North American studies have suggested a lower risk for psychiatric disorder in immigrants, although the effect of neighborhood immigrant concentration has not been studied extensively.MethodUsing multi-level modeling to disaggregate individual from area-level influences, this study examines the influence of first generation immigrant status at the individual level, immigrant concentration at the neighborhood-level and their combined effect on 12-month prevalence of mood, anxiety and substance-dependence disorders and lifetime prevalence of psychotic disorder, among Canadians.ResultsIndividual-level data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 1.2, a cross-sectional study of psychiatric disorder among Canadians over the age of 15 years; the sample for analysis wasn=35 708. The CCHS data were linked with neighborhood-level data from the Canadian Census 2001 for multi-level logistic regression. Immigrant status was associated with a lower prevalence of psychiatric disorder, with an added protective effect for immigrants living in neighborhoods with higher immigrant concentrations. Immigrant concentration was not associated with elevated prevalence of psychiatric disorder among non-immigrants.ConclusionsThe finding of lower 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorder in Canadian immigrants, with further lessening as the neighborhood immigrant concentration increases, reflects a model of person–environment fit, highlighting the importance of studying individual risk factors within environmental contexts.

French Quantitative History: Problems and Promises

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Bourdelais
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Single Voice ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sciences Sociales ◽  
Data Banks

Due to the central position it assigns to thelongue durée, theAnnalesschool—impetus for and crossroads of historical debate—used quantitative methods from the beginning and granted them their patents of nobility. For some decades now, it has been inconceivable for good historical research in France not to devote an important part of its efforts to the measuring of phenomena. True, theAnnalesschool has never spoken with a single voice; the changes that have occurred in its membership and in neighboring disciplines, as well as new historical sensibilities, have modified its original characteristics. The study directed by A Burguière of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales will soon report on the content and evolution of the themes, the network of contributors, and the intellectual climate that shaped the first generation of theAnnales. Therefore this article limits itself to a rapid survey of publications, followed by an examination of the distinctive traits of the quantitative dimension of French historical work, the directions for and reasons behind new research. The picture must remain somewhat general because it focuses on only three major points: the preeminence of serial history over quantitative history; the underrepresentation of international comparative works, despite the example of F. Braudel; and the development of individual-level data banks, an important source for social and serial history.

scholarly journals The far-right, immigrants, and the prospects of democracy satisfaction in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Just
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Far Right ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data

This paper examines the consequences of the far-right in shaping foreign-born immigrants’ satisfaction with the way democracy works in their host country. It posits that while electorally successful far-right parties undermine democracy satisfaction, the magnitude of this effect is not uniform across all first-generation immigrants. Instead, it depends on newcomers’ citizenship status in their adopted homeland. The analyses using individual-level data collected as part of the five-round European Social Survey (ESS) 2002–2012 in 16 West European democracies reveal that the electoral strength of far-right parties in a form of vote and seat shares won in national elections is indeed powerfully linked to democracy satisfaction among foreign-born individuals. However, this relationship is limited to foreign-born non-citizens, as we have no evidence that far-right parties influence democracy attitudes among foreign-born individuals who have acquired citizenship in their adopted homeland.

Candidate Sexual Orientation Didn't Matter (in the Way You Might Think) in the 2015 UK General Election

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELE MAGNI ◽  
ANDREW REYNOLDS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Rapid Social Change ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Level Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Does sexual orientation and gender identity matter at election time? While previous literature has explored the effect of candidate gender and ethnicity on electoral results, this is the first study to quantitatively investigate the impact of sexual orientation. We build an original dataset combining individual-level data on more than 3,000 candidates in the 2015 UK election with sociodemographic indicators at the constituency level. In addition to sexual orientation and other demographic characteristics, we include candidate education, political experience, and campaign spending. We find that LGBT candidates generally do not have a negative impact on party vote share. Even in more conservative environments, LGBT candidates perform at least as well as their straight counterparts. This work is important to understand the consequences of descriptive representation and, relatedly, how rapid social change happens.

scholarly journals Who Signs? Ballot Petition Signatures as Political Participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Brian Amos ◽  
Diana Forster ◽  
Daniel A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Ballot Initiative ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Level Data

Who signs ballot initiative petitions? Do they fit a particular socio-political and demographic profile of a likely voter, or are they peripheral voters who become engaged in the political process due to the issue at hand? And are some citizens who sign petitions more likely to have valid signatures than others? Scholars have been slow to assess who is likely to become engaged in perhaps one of the most common forms of political participation: signing a ballot petitions. Drawing on an original dataset of individual-level data, we use GIS and logit models to test which citizens were more likely to sign a contoversial local ballot petition, as well as to determine who was likely to sign a valid (or invalid) petition.

International Adjudication and Public Opinion in Territorial Disputes: Evidence from a Survey Experiment Using Amazon Mechanical Turk

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Justwan ◽  
Sarah K. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Court ◽  
Level Data ◽  
International Adjudication ◽  
Commitment Problems

AbstractThis article explores the effects of international adjudication on individual-level attitudes in territorial disputes. In particular, we investigate the micro-foundations for the argument that international court rulings provide political cover for governments settling disputes through unpopular territorial concessions. In an online survey conducted for this project, 494 Indian respondents were confronted with a fictitious foreign policy scenario. A randomized experiment embedded in the survey provides four major findings. First, international adjudication makes citizens more willing to support concessions in border disputes. Second, international courts influence the perceived fairness of comprosmise solutions. Third, legal conflict management mediates the emotional fallout of territorial concessions. Finally, we do not find any evidence for the claim that international adjudication reduces individual-level concerns over commitment problems. By focusing on individual-level data, this article provides an important contribution to the literature on international conflict management.

Cancer Mortality in Italian Migrants to Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Geddes ◽  
Daniela Balzi ◽  
Eva Buiatti ◽  
Anna Brancker ◽  
Donald Max Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
First Generation Migrants

The present study reports on the analysis of cancer mortality in Italian first-generation migrants resident in Canada, deceased in the period between 1964-1985 (5,801 males: 3,267 females). Mortality in migrants is compared to that of the host population as well as to that in the migrants’ country of origin. This is carried out both on a national level (Italy), and on a regional level with those regions that have made the greatest contribution to the Italian migratory flow (Southern Italy). Compared with the Canada-born population, significantly higher risks were evident for nasopharynx, stomach, liver and gallbladder tumors in migrants. Lower risks were observed for the oral cavity, esophagus, colon, rectum, pancreas (females), larynx, lung, melanoma, breast, ovary, prostate, bladder (females), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in migrants. This is consistent with that evidenced in the comparison between Italy and Canada. The data are discussed in relation to the results of other studies on Italian migrants and the prevalence of main risk factors.

scholarly journals Privacy-preserving generative deep neural networks support clinical data sharing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett K. Beaulieu-Jones ◽  
Zhiwei Steven Wu ◽  
Chris Williams ◽  
Ran Lee ◽  
Sanjeev P. Bhavnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Level Data

AbstractBackgroundData sharing accelerates scientific progress but sharing individual level data while preserving patient privacy presents a barrier.Methods and ResultsUsing pairs of deep neural networks, we generated simulated, synthetic “participants” that closely resemble participants of the SPRINT trial. We showed that such paired networks can be trained with differential privacy, a formal privacy framework that limits the likelihood that queries of the synthetic participants’ data could identify a real a participant in the trial. Machine-learning predictors built on the synthetic population generalize to the original dataset. This finding suggests that the synthetic data can be shared with others, enabling them to perform hypothesis-generating analyses as though they had the original trial data.ConclusionsDeep neural networks that generate synthetic participants facilitate secondary analyses and reproducible investigation of clinical datasets by enhancing data sharing while preserving participant privacy.

Activist Disconnect: Social Movements, Public Opinion, and U.S. Military Bases in East Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-715
Author(s):  
Claudia J. Kim ◽  
Taylor C. Boas
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
And Behavior

Do activists seeking to challenge the U.S. military presence overseas succeed in persuading the local population? While the comparative literature on base contestation often makes implicit causal claims about public opinion and behavior, these claims have never been tested empirically using individual-level data. Based on an online survey, experiment with residents of communities hosting U.S. military bases in Korea and Japan, we demonstrate a disconnect between anti-base movements and local residents. Local public opinion is most responsive to pragmatic framing of opposition by social movements and tangible information about the consequences of base expansion. Other common activist tactics have little effect and may even backfire. Our findings fill an important gap in the growing literature on the politics of U.S. military bases abroad.

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Anita Pugliese ◽  
Julie Ray ◽  
Neli Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

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