Monthly Distribution of 1933 Famine Losses in Soviet Ukraine and the Russian Soviet Republic at the Regional Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-548
Author(s):  
Oleh Wolowyna ◽  
Nataliia Levchuk ◽  
Alla Kovbasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
June July ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent Confirmation

AbstractOne of the distinct characteristics of the 1932–1933 famine is that between 65 and 80 percent of all famine-related deaths (direct losses) in rural areas of Soviet Ukraine (UkrSSR) and its oblasts and some regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) occurred during the first six or seven months of 1933, and that in all oblasts of UkrSSR and some regions of RSFSR the number of famine losses increased by a factor of six to 15 between January and June–July of 1933. The historical explanation of this sudden explosion of deaths is critically examined, and a more comprehensive explanation is proposed. We show that the regional variations in these increases in losses are correlated with four factors: extensive household searches for grain with all food taken away in many instances, closing of inter-republic borders and limitation of internal travel by peasants, resistance to collectivization and grain requisitions and repressions, and the “nationality factor.” Analysis of the monthly dynamics of rural losses during the first half of 1933 suggests a possible independent confirmation of the hypothesis that during the searches for “hidden” or “stolen” grain, all food was taken away in many households.

Resettlement Processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor (1932–34)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This article, based on archival documents, reveals resettlement processes in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932–34, which were conditioned by the repressive policy of the Soviet power. The process of resettlement into those regions of the Soviet Ukraine where the population died from hunger most, and which was approved by the authorities, is described in detail. It is noted that about 90,000 people moved from the northern oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR to the southern part of the republic. About 127,000 people arrived in Soviet Ukraine from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and the western oblasts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The material conditions of their residence and the reasons for the return of settlers to their previous places of inhabitance are described. I conclude that the resettlement policy of the authorities during 1932–34 changed the social and national composition of the eastern and southern oblasts of Ukraine.

Civic Participation and Social Embeddedness: Differences Between Urban and Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Tuuli-Marja Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level

Does civic participation lead to a large social network? This study claims that high levels of civic participation may obstruct individual social embeddedness. Using survey data from the German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey; 1999–2009), this study conducts macro- as well as multi-level regressions to examine the link between civic participation and social embeddedness. Findings reveal that civic participation on the sub-national regional level is not generally associated with social embeddedness, but it affects the participants’ and non-participants’ possibilities for friendships differently. This holds especially true in urban areas, but the effect cannot be found in rural areas. The analysis has implications for further research to enhance the social embeddedness of the excluded.

scholarly journals Typology and characterization of the pampean beekeeping systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Tomás Bragulat ◽  
Elena Angón ◽  
Alberto Giorgis ◽  
José Perea
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Random Survey

Objective: Identify and characterize the beekeeping systems of La Pampa (Argentina) using multivariate techniques based on the main structural, productive and economic characteristics. Methodology: The data was collected through a random survey of 80 beekeepers. The classification and description of the apicultural systems was based on a multivariate sequence comprising three stages: review and selection of variables, factor analysis and cluster analysis. Results: Factor analysis revealed that the size of the farm and the productive and economic performance of beekeeping jointly explained 66% of the variability. Through cluster analysis, three types of beekeeping have been identified: (i) Subsistence beekeeping grouped 55% of the farms, mainly characterized by small sizes and low productive and economic yields. (ii) Industrial beekeeping concentrated 54% of production in 15% of farms, mainly characterized by large sizes and high productive and economic yields. (iii) Commercial beekeeping grouped 30% of the farms, mainly characterized by high productivity with intermediate sizes. Limitations: The study has been carried out on a few farms due to the difficulty of obtaining answers to all the variables included in the survey. Practical implications: Beekeeping in La Pampa is generally a highly heterogeneous complement of income or family subsistence, with low productivity and low input use. Subsistence beekeeping is a socially relevant system for its contribution to family employment and income in rural areas. Industrial beekeeping is oriented to the export market and has a more competitive scale. Commercial beekeeping is situated on an intermediate scale.

Analyzing the post-harvest supply chain enablers of vertical integration for rural employability and marketability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Priyadarshi ◽  
Srikanta Routroy ◽  
Girish Kant
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the post-harvest supply chain enablers (PHSCEs) for vertical integration to enhance rural employability, farmer profitability and rural produce marketability (i.e. market prospects) in the post-harvest supply chain (PHSC). The impact of vertical integration is also explored for various commercial produces. Design/methodology/approach A structural equation modeling (SEM) of PHSCEs for vertical integration was developed to enhance market prospects, rural employability and farmer profitability. The impact of business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer market prospects are explored in various dimensions for stakeholders such as farmers, manufacturers (processors), distributors and retailers. The fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) was used to prioritize these PHSCEs to improve market prospects and rural employability. Findings The PHSCEs are clustered into three groups, namely, initiatives at the strategic frontier, initiatives at the tactical frontier and concerns for rural employability via vertical integration using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM to prove the null hypothesis. With F-TOPSIS results, the availability of warehousing was found to be the most crucial enabler when observing the PHSCEs from the initiatives’ perspective. The technology adaptability and availability, institute for training and research and information infrastructure and information visibility were found to be the key PHSCEs when observed from PHSC stakeholders’ perspectives. Research limitations/implications The implementation of this study will improve the rural produce marketability, rural employability, B2B marketing (i.e. effective distribution) and subsequent value chains with the practice of vertical integration for fresh produce at the rural level. Practical implications The outcomes of this study have a key role in developing the rural regions and improving rural livelihoods via value addition. The awareness of commercial cultivation and value addition in rural areas needs to be improved. This will help farmers to earn better revenues with improved market prospects in comparison to the revenues obtained from the cultivation of staple/conventional crops. Originality/value In an era of cold chains and food processing, this study aims to disseminate awareness about value addition for commercial and fresh produces at the rural level. The implication of this study will improve rural produce marketability, rural employability and farmer profitability at the rural level with the level of vertical integration.

Reporting Realities: Henry Noel Brailsford

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
David Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Theoretical Account ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
The World ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This chapter gives an account of the journalism of Henry Noel Brailsford who travelled extensively in the collapsed Austro-Hungarian Empire, where he met with Béla Kun, leader of the short-lived Hungarian Socialist Republic; and in the newly formed Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, where he was able to report in detail the working of a sovietised factory. The chapter unpacks Brailsford’s highly critical accounts of the Treaty of Versailles and the formation of the League of Nations, and offers a theoretical account of the ontology of journalism based on practical language acquisition and movement through the world, as an alternative to high theory and its emphasis on language-as-such.

Financial inclusion and socioeconomic development: gaps and solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1122-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Rastogi ◽  
Ragabiruntha E.
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify factors relevant for financial inclusion (FI) and establish a model that shows how these factors lead to economic development (ED) through FI. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. Out of 350, 311 respondents accurately filled the questionnaire. The data were collected from rural areas of Tamil Nadu. Exploratory factor analysis has been applied to evaluate drivers/factors relevant for FI. Confirmatory factor analysis has been applied to establish reliability and validity of the identified factors. A structural model has been proposed and empirically tested for ED through FI. Findings The main findings of the current paper are as follows: online banking (OB), understanding banking services (UBS) and financial literacy (FL) are the drivers of FI; FI can lead to ED, as the proposed model of ED, through FI, is supported in the paper (χ2/degree of freedom and CMIN/degree of freedom are less than 3; GFI and AGFI are more than 0.90 and 0.85, respectively). Behavior of the people, with respect to mode of financial transactions, has changed due to demonetization. (The χ2 test for mode of financial transaction is significant). Research limitations/implications The geographical reach of the sample should cover the whole India. The sample should also have equal representation from rural and urban areas. Practical implications The identified factors for FI (OB, UBS and FL) should be more focused to bring about better results for FI in India. These factors can lead to a more effective execution of FI initiatives. In addition to this, policy makers can be confident of relying upon FI as a tool for ED. Originality/value The identified three drivers for FI have not been explored earlier. In addition to this, ED (through FI) in the form of structural model has also not been tested earlier. Government of India can realign their policies toward FI by using findings of this paper. In addition to increasing the access of formal financial system to masses, more thrust can be given to OB and FL for better results of FI in India.

scholarly journals Spanish Version of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale for Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Corraliza ◽  
Silvia Collado ◽  
Lisbeth Bethelmy
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
New Ecological Paradigm ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Ecological Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale has been extensively used to measure adults’ environmental attitudes. However, it has only recently been adapted for use with children. This paper presents a Spanish version of the NEP Scale for Children, examines children’s ecological beliefs according to socio-demographic variables as well as the relationship between children’s ecological beliefs and pro-environmental behavior. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the instrument’s internal consistency was studied and links between environmental attitudes, age, and ecological behavior in children were examined through correlation analyses. The results show that children’s ecological worldviews can be described by a dimension called “overall ecocentrism”. Analysis of variance demonstrated that children from rural areas exhibit a more ecocentric worldview than those from urban areas. The results also denote gender differences.

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