scholarly journals Reduced grey matter volume in frontal and temporal areas in depression: contributions from voxel-based morphometry study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevdalina Kandilarova ◽  
Drozdstoy Stoyanov ◽  
Nickolay Sirakov ◽  
Michael Maes ◽  
Karsten Specht
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to examine whether and to what extent mood disorders, comprising major depression and bipolar disorder, are accompanied by structural changes in the brain as measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods:We performed a VBM study using a 3Т MRI system (GE Discovery 750w) in patients with mood disorders (n=50), namely, 39 with major depression and 11 with bipolar disorder compared to 42 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls.Results:Our results show that depression was associated with significant decreases in grey matter (GM) volume of the regions located within the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex on the left side and middle frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (triangular and orbital parts) and middle temporal gyrus (extending to the superior temporal gyrus) on the right side. When the patient group was separated into bipolar disorder and major depression, the reductions remained significant only for patients with major depressive disorder.Conclusions:Using VBM the present study was able to replicate decreases in GM volume restricted to frontal and temporal regions in patients with mood disorders, mainly major depression, compared with healthy controls.

scholarly journals Reduced Grey Matter Volume in Frontal and Temporal Areas in Depression: A Voxel Based Morphometry Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevdalina Kandilarova ◽  
Drozdstoy Stoyanov ◽  
Nickolay Sirakov ◽  
Michael Maes ◽  
Karsten Specht
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine whether and to what extent mood disorders, comprising major depression and bipolar disorder, are accompanied by structural changes in the brain as measured using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Methods: We have performed a VBM study using a 3Т MRI system (GE Discovery 750w) in patients with mood disorders (n=50), namely 39 with major depression and 11 with bipolar disorder, compared to 42 age, sex and education matched healthy controls. Results: Our results show that depression was associated with significant decreases in grey matter (GM) volume restricted to regions located in medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex on the left side and middle frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (triangular and orbital parts), and middle temporal gyrus (extending to the superior temporal gyrus) on the right side. When the patient group was separated into bipolar disorder and major depression the reductions remained significant only for the patients with major depressive disorder. Conclusions: Using VBM the present study was able to replicate decreases in GM volume restricted to frontal and temporal regions in patients with mood disorders mainly major depression, as compared with healthy controls. 

scholarly journals Structural Brain Correlates of Creative Personality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sadana ◽  
Rajnish Kumar Gupta ◽  
S Senthil Kumaran ◽  
Sanjeev Jain ◽  
Jamuna Rajeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
The Right ◽  
Creative Artists ◽  
Age Range

Creative individuals and their enigmatic personalities have always been a subject of fascination. The current study explored the neuroanatomical basis of creative personality using voxel-based morphometry. The sample comprised of two groups - Creative (CR) group (professional creative artists) and matched controls with no demonstrated artistic creativity (NC) with 20 participants in each group, in the age range of 20-40 years, right-handed, and had minimum average intelligence (IQ > 90). Participants in CR were selected using the creativity achievement questionnaire, creativity was assessed using the Wallach & Kogan test of creativity, and personality was administered using NEO-FFI. Results indicated significantly higher openness to new experiences in CR which positively correlates with the right middle frontal gyrus. An increased grey matter volume in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus in CR, pointing towards the integration of cognitive and imaginative processes that might be implicated in creative personality.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOTIC EPISODES ON GREY MATTER VOLUME CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonija Ružić Baršić ◽  
Gordana Rubeša ◽  
Diana Mance ◽  
Damir Miletić ◽  
Lea Gudelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe illness whose clinical course is characterized by various numbers of psychotic episodes (PE). The neurotoxic hypothesis (NH) of schizophrenia assumes that psychosis is biologically toxic. The aim of the study was to investigate whether schizophrenia patients (SP) with multiple PE have greater grey matter volume (GMV) reduction compared to SP with fewer PE.Subjects and methods: We enrolled 106 adult SP and 63 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were collected and statistically analysed for all included subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was acquired on a 1.5 T scanner. SP were grouped according to the number of PE into a group with up to 3 PE (SCHG-1) and with 4 or more PE (SCHG-2). SCHG-1 was further subdivided into two groups regarding to disease duration (DD). Voxel based morphometry (VBM) analyses were performed between SP groups as well as between SP groups and the healthy controls group (HCG).Results: No relevant GMV differences were detected between SP groups. Comparison between HCG and SCHG-1 showed only 3 regions with reduced GMV, while multiple regions with reduced GMV were detected when comparing HCG and SCHG-2. Conclusions: GMV reduction in schizophrenia varies depending on the number of PE when compared to HCG, regardless of disease duration (DD), but PE is not the only contributing factor that leads to neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Voxel-based morphometry in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
I. S. Bakulin ◽  
R. N. Konovalov ◽  
M. V. Krotenkova ◽  
N. A. Suponeva ◽  
M. N. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Objective:to investigate changes in grey matter volume in patients with classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and lower motor neuron syndrome (LMNS) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Material and methods. 30 patients with classical ALS, 22 patients with LMNS and 23 age and gender matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent a T1MPR (multiplanar reconstruction) magnetic resonance imaging with post-processing included spatial normalization, segmentation and smoothing. VBM was used to investigate changes in grey matter volume across the groups.Results. There was a significant decrease in grey matter volume of middle part of left pre- and postcentral gyri, middle part of right precentral gyrus, right and left occipital lobes in patients with classical ALS compared to healthy subjects. There was no difference in grey matter volume between patients with LMNS and healthy controls. Patients with classical ALS showed a significant decrease in grey matter volume of middle part of left preand postcentral gyri, upper part of left precentral gyrus, middle and upper parts of right precentral gyrus, right and left occipital lobes compared to patients with LMNS. There was no significant correlation between grey matter volume and clinical findings in patients with ALS and LMNS.Conclusion.VBM reveals a decrease in grey matter volume of motor and nonmotor brain regions in patients with classical ALS, but not in patients with LMNS.

scholarly journals Convergent and divergent brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yan ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Kyle Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Brain abnormalities in the reading network have been repeatedly reported in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD); however, it is still not totally understood where the structural and functional abnormalities are consistent/inconsistent across languages. In the current multimodal meta-analysis, we found convergent structural and functional alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus across languages, suggesting a neural signature of DD. We found greater reduction in grey matter volume and brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in morpho-syllabic languages (e.g. Chinese) than in alphabetic languages, and greater reduction in brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in alphabetic languages than in morpho-syllabic languages. These language differences are explained as consequences of being DD while learning a specific language. In addition, we also found brain regions that showed increased grey matter volume and brain activation, presumably suggesting compensations and brain regions that showed inconsistent alterations in brain structure and function. Our study provides important insights about the etiology of DD from a cross-linguistic perspective with considerations of consistency/inconsistency between structural and functional alterations.

scholarly journals Common and distinct patterns of intrinsic brain activity alterations in major depression and bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Gong ◽  
Junjing Wang ◽  
Shaojuan Qiu ◽  
Pan Chen ◽  
Zhenye Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

Abstract Identification of intrinsic brain activity differences and similarities between major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is necessary. However, results have not yet yielded consistent conclusions. A meta-analysis of whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies that explored differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) between patients (including MDD and BD) and healthy controls (HCs) was conducted using seed-based d mapping software. Systematic literature search identified 50 studies comparing 1399 MDD patients and 1332 HCs, and 15 studies comparing 494 BD patients and 593 HCs. MDD patients displayed increased ALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (including the medial orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]), bilateral insula extending into the striatum and left supramarginal gyrus and decreased ALFF in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral precuneus, and left occipital cortex compared with HCs. BD showed increased ALFF in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula extending into the striatum, right SFG, and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and decreased ALFF in the bilateral precuneus, left cerebellum (extending to the occipital cortex), left ACC, and left STG. In addition, MDD displayed increased ALFF in the left lingual gyrus, left ACC, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus, and left STG and decreased ALFF in the right insula, right mPFC, right fusiform gyrus, and bilateral striatum relative to BD patients. Conjunction analysis showed increased ALFF in the bilateral insula, mPFC, and decreased ALFF in the left cerebellum in both disorders. Our comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that MDD and BD show a common pattern of aberrant regional intrinsic brain activity which predominantly includes the insula, mPFC, and cerebellum, while the limbic system and occipital cortex may be associated with spatially distinct patterns of brain function, which provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of brain dysfunction in affective disorders, and developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities associated with a first psychotic episode in bipolar disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Fornito ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Andreas Bechdolf ◽  
Simon Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Episode Psychosis

BackgroundThe anterior cingulate cortex is frequently implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported variable findings owing to a reliance on patient samples with chronic illness and to limited appreciation of the region's heterogeneity.AimsTo characterise anterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder experiencing their first episode of psychosis while accounting for regional anatomical variability.MethodGrey matter volume, surface area and cortical thickness were measured in six anterior cingulate cortex subregions per hemisphere using MRI scans acquired from 26 patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing first-episode psychosis and 26 healthy controls matched for age, gender and regional morphological variability.ResultsRelative to controls, male patients displayed increased thickness in the right subcallosal limbic anterior cingulate cortex. No significant differences were identified in females for grey matter volume or surface area measures. The findings were not attributable to medication effects.ConclusionsThese data suggest that first-episode psychosis in bipolar disorder is associated with a gender-specific, right-lateralised thickness increase in anterior cingulate cortex subregions known to play a role in regulating physiological stress responses.

scholarly journals Exploring the neuroanatomical bases of psychotic features in bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Maggioni ◽  
A. C. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Psychotic Features

Although bipolar disorder (BD) is traditionally conceptualised as one diagnostic entity, the heterogeneity of pathophysiological manifestations in BD suggests the need to classify the subtypes of the illness based on neural markers. Specifically, the presence of psychotic symptoms seems to be relevant for the clinical outcome and may have specific neuroanatomical bases. The main objective of the present review was to assess whether the distinction between psychotic BD (PBD) and non-psychotic BD (NPBD) can improve the identification of the neurobiological markers of this complex illness. To this end, we summarised the findings from the magnetic resonance imaging studies that explored the cerebral correlates of psychosis in BD in terms of grey matter volume (GMV). Overall, the results suggest the presence of peculiar GMV differences between PBD and NPBD. Specifically, psychosis in BD seems to be associated with cortical GMV deficits compared with both healthy controls and NPBD, mainly in the frontal region. Conversely, NPBD patients showed GMV deficits in selective regions of the basal ganglia when compared with the other groups. Taken together, this evidence confirms the importance to classify BD based on the psychotic dimension, which may have a specific neurobiological architecture that partially overlaps across multiple psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Convergent and divergent structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia: a cross-linguistic meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yan ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Kyle Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Matter Volume

Brain abnormalities in the reading network have been repeatedly reported in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD); however, it is still not totally understood where and why the structural and functional abnormalities are consistent/inconsistent across languages. In the current multimodal meta-analysis, we found convergent structural and functional alterations in the left superior temporal gyrus across languages, suggesting a neural signature of DD. We found greater reduction in grey matter volume and brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in morpho-syllabic languages (e.g. Chinese) than in alphabetic languages, and greater reduction in brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in alphabetic languages than in morpho-syllabic languages. These language differences are explained as consequences of being DD while learning a specific language. In addition, we also found brain regions that showed increased grey matter volume and brain activation, presumably suggesting compensations and brain regions that showed inconsistent alterations in brain structure and function. Our study provides important insights about the etiology of DD from a cross-linguistic perspective with considerations of consistency/inconsistency between structural and functional alterations.

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