Chronic lipopolysaccharide infusion fails to induce depressive-like behaviour in adult male rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Weide Fischer ◽  
Nico Liebenberg ◽  
Anne Mette Madsen ◽  
Heidi Kaastrup Müller ◽  
Sten Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Osmotic Minipumps ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Chronic Infusion ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

BackgroundChronic inflammation is implicated in numerous diseases, including major depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since depression and T2DM often co-exist, inflammatory pathways are suggested as a possible link. Hence, the establishment of an immune-mediated animal model would shed light on mechanisms possibly linking depression and metabolic alterations.ObjectiveIn this study we investigated a behavioural and metabolic paradigm following chronic infusion with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using osmotic minipumps in male rats.MethodsBehavioural testing consisted of evaluating activity level in the open field and depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test. Metabolic assessment included measurement of body weight, food and water intake, and glucose and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsLPS-infused rats showed acute signs of sickness behaviour, but chronic LPS infusion did not induce behavioural or metabolic changes.ConclusionThese results suggest that although inflammation is immediately induced as indicated by acute sickness, 4 weeks of chronic LPS administration via osmotic minipumps did not result in behavioural changes. Therefore, this paradigm may not be a suitable model for studying the underlying mechanisms that link depression and T2DM.

scholarly journals Effect of Pasteurization on Chemical and Functional Properties of Xoconostle (Opuntia joconostle) Juice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Gómez-Covarrubias ◽  
F. Rivera-Cabrera ◽  
J.I. Mendoza-Gastelum ◽  
V.H. Oidor-Chan ◽  
R.C. Aarland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Background: The xoconostle (Opuntia joconostle Web.) plant is produced mainly in the Central Highlands region of Mexico. The main aim of this research was to determine the effect of pasteurization on chemical and functional properties of xoconostle juice. Methods: Total Soluble Solids (TSS), pH, Titratable Acidity (TA), total phenolic and flavonoid content, betacyanins, betaxanthins, and reducing and non-reducing sugars contents were determined in both unpasteurized and pasteurized xoconostle juices. In vivo assay using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was done in male rats to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of juice. Data were statistically analyzed using SigmaPlot. Results: There was a meaningful increasing (p<0.05) in the pigment contents after the pasteurization process, as betacyanins and betaxanthins contents increased to 0.112 and 0.096 µg/g, respectively. In spite of pasteurized xoconostle, the unpasteurized group showed anti-hyperglycemic effects at 60 min of OGTT. Conclusion: Pasteurization temperature had no adverse effect on the antioxidant activities of xoconostle fruit. Although fresh xoconostle juice revealed considerable anti-hyperglycemic properties in rats, this effect was not found in the pasteurized xoconostle juice.

scholarly journals Non-esterified fatty acid levels and physical inactivity: the relative importance of low habitual energy expenditure and cardio-respiratory fitness

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Franks ◽  
Man-Yu Wong ◽  
Jian'an Luan ◽  
Jo Mitchell ◽  
Susie Hennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness

The fasting concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the degree to which it declines during an oral glucose tolerance test are closely associated with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. However, relatively few studies have described possible environmental determinants of NEFA concentrations. Physical activity is likely to be related to NEFA levels, but habitual activity level is difficult to quantify in epidemiological studies. In particular, it is unclear whether NEFA is more closely related to cardio-respiratory fitness or to habitual energy expenditure. In order to quantify these relationships, we analysed data from the Ely prospective population-based study in which 931 subjects underwent a glucose tolerance test with measurements of cardio-respiratory fitness and 4 d energy expenditure by heart-rate monitoring, a technique previously validated against whole-body calorimetry and doubly-labelled water. In order to estimate the latent variables of usual fitness and energy expenditure, a subset of 190 subjects underwent repeat testing on three further occasions over 1 year. In analyses adjusting only for age and sex, energy expenditure and cardio-respiratory fitness were both negatively correlated with the total area under the NEFA curve following the oral glucose load (standardised β coefficients -0·030 and -0·039 respectively; both P<0·001) However, further adjustment for degree of obesity and bivariate measurement error suggested that the effect of energy expenditure was significantly greater than that for fitness (-0·047 and -0·005 respectively). These results suggest that the area under the NEFA curve in the oral glucose tolerance test, a measure of insulin sensitivity, is strongly associated with the habitual level of physical activity.

Selective breeding for diet-induced obesity and resistance in Sprague-Dawley rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. R725-R730 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
A. A. Dunn-Meynell ◽  
B. Balkan ◽  
R. E. Keesey
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

In outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, about one-half develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) on a diet relatively high in fat and energy (HE diet). The rest are diet resistant (DR), gaining weight and fat at the same rate as chow-fed controls. Here we selectively bred for high (DIO) and low (DR) weight gainers after 2 wk on HE diet. By the F5 generation, both male and female inbred DIO rats gained > 90% more weight than inbred DR rats on HE diets. Even on low-fat chow diet, DIO males were 31% and females were 22% heavier than their respective DR rats. Full metabolic characterization in male rats showed that weight-matched, chow-fed DIO-prone rats had similar energy intakes and feed efficiency [body weight (kg0.75)/energy intake (kcal)] but 44% more carcass fat than comparable DR-prone rats. Their basal plasma insulin and glucose levels in the fed state were 70 and 14% higher, respectively. But, when fasted, DIO-prone oral glucose tolerance results were comparable to DR-prone rats. Chow-fed DIO-prone males also had 42% greater 24-h urine norepinephrine levels than DR-prone males. During 2 wk on HE diet, DIO rats ate 25% more, gained 115% more weight, had 36% more carcass fat, and were 42% more feed efficient than comparable DR rats. Fasted HE diet-fed DIO rats developed frank glucose intolerance during a glucose tolerance test with 55 and 158% greater insulin and glucose areas under the curve, respectively. Thus the DIO and DR traits in the outbred Sprague-Dawley population appear to be due to a polygenic pattern of inheritance.

Relationship among hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension is dependent on sex

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. H562-H567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Galipeau ◽  
Linfu Yao ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance have been linked to hypertension; however, the influence of sex on this relationship has not been well studied. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of chronic insulin treatment on insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in male and female rats. Male and female Wistar rats were treated with insulin (2 U/day) via subcutaneous sustained release implants for 5 wk. Systolic blood pressure was measured via the tail-cuff method before and after treatment, and insulin sensitivity was assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test. The insulin sensitivity of female rats was 4.5-fold greater than male rats. Chronic insulin treatment impaired insulin sensitivity in both sexes; however, this occurred to a greater degree in male rats. Blood pressure increased in male rats treated with insulin only. The results demonstrate that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are associated with hypertension in male rats only. Therefore, the link between these conditions appears to depend on sex.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension Resulting from Fructose Enriched Diet in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dupas ◽  
Annie Feray ◽  
Christelle Goanvec ◽  
Anthony Guernec ◽  
Nolwenn Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Effects

Increased sugar consumption, especially fructose, is strongly related to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term effects of fructose supplementation on Wistar rats. Three-week-old male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (C;n=14) and fructose fed (FF;n=18), with a fructose enriched drink (20–25% w/v fructose in water) for 21 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, fasting glycemia, and bodyweight were regularly measured. Glucose tolerance was evaluated three times using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin levels were measured concomitantly and insulin resistance markers were evaluated (HOMA 2-IR, Insulin Sensitivity Index for glycemia (ISI-gly)). Lipids profile was evaluated on plasma. This fructose supplementation resulted in the early induction of hypertension without renal failure (stable theoretical creatinine clearance) and in the progressive development of fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (higher HOMA 2-IR, lower ISI-gly) without modification of glucose tolerance. FF rats presented dyslipidemia (higher plasma triglycerides) and early sign of liver malfunction (higher liver weight). Although abdominal fat weight was increased in FF rats, no significant overweight was found. In Wistar rats, 21 weeks of fructose supplementation induced a metabolic syndrome (hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia) but not T2D.

Abstract #873: Association of Patterns in the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Different Clinical Features in Patients with Insulinoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Fanny Rodriguez Vallejo ◽  
Juan Manuel Rios Torres ◽  
Francisco J. Gomez-Pérez ◽  
Juan A. Rull Rodrigo ◽  
Bernardo Pérez Enriquez
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Relation between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Hepatic Enzyme Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bruckert ◽  
A Ankri ◽  
P Glral ◽  
G Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a key determinant of the fibrinolytic capacity. Its activity correlates with most of the characteristic features of insulin resistance syndrome, i. e. obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia.We measured plasma PAI-1 antigen levels in 131 asymptomatic men (aged 44.2 ± 11 years) who had been referred for hyperlipidemia. Those taking medication and those with a secondary hyperlipidemia were excluded.We confirmed the correlation between PAI-1 levels and the following variables: body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride concentration, and blood glucose and insulin levels before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. We also found a significant and independent correlation between PAI-1 and the concentration of the hepatic enzymes glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.Mild liver abnormalities (presumably steatosis) may thus be one of the factors accounting for high plasma PAI-1 levels in hyperlipidemic patients.

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