A Transparadox Process of Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Dalong Pang ◽  
Leigh Anne Liu ◽  
Ming-Jer Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Information Navigation ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Decision makers inevitably face a variety of tensions when managing strategic change. Research from organization and strategy perspectives, such as paradox and organizational learning, has offered useful but limited insight into the systematic mindset and thinking processes involved in decision making. We draw on theoretical and philosophical foundations of the transparadox perspective and related theories to build a dynamic process cycle of transparadoxical decision making. Three interrelated dimensions make up our model: (1) Transparadox Information Navigation, which includes embracing oppositional tendencies, syncretic focus, and creative transcendence; (2) Transparadox Contextual Consideration, characterized by prudent precision and recognizing the flux of temporality and spatiality; and (3) Transparadox Integration, which comprises design-type integration and exploration-type integration. We then present propositions on the interdependent and reinforcing mechanism among the three dimensions. Our work expands the paradox literature with specific mindset dimensions and constituent elements, connecting paradox research with the cognitive perspective by adding dynamic, cyclical processes to paradox cognition study.

4. Public Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-127
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Bettina Lange ◽  
Eloise Scotford
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Public Decision

This chapter explains the important role that public law, particularly administrative law, plays in environmental law. This role comes about because much of environmental law requires vesting decision-making and regulatory power in the hands of public decision-makers at all levels of government. This chapter begins by providing an overview of the different constituent elements of public law: constitutional law, administrative law, the role of the EU and international law, as well the complexities of this area of law. The chapter then moves on to consider the way in which the different types of interests involved in environmental problems and the need for information and expertise provide challenges for public law. The chapter then provides an overview of four major features of public law that are particularly relevant to environmental lawyers: the Aarhus Convention, accountability mechanisms, judicial review, and human rights.

Dynamics of credit decision-making: a taxonomy and a typological matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
Candauda Arachchige Saliya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Role Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding as to how certain social/personal dynamics influence credit decisions in Sri Lanka, elucidating them through a taxonomy and a conceptual typological matrix. Design/methodology/approach This research is an exploratory case study. The primary data collection methods are interviews and reconstruction of experiences. The data are complemented by documentary analysis and post-research events. Findings The research findings propose that credit officers and customers are influenced by six dynamics under three dimensions: the evaluation procedures (systematic/formal or heuristics); the relationship between customers and bank officers (personal or role relationship); and justification of credit (rational or irrational/situational). Based on the above results, a taxonomy of influential tactics and personality traits and a typological matrix are developed to classify credit decision-makers, who are labelled as BOSS, ROBOT, REBEL and BUDDY. Research limitations/implications These case studies are from a private bank in Sri Lanka, hence it could affect the generalization of findings. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to investigate the plausibility of the findings in diverse cultural backgrounds. Practical implications Credit decision-makers and credit applicants could make use of these typological matrix and the taxonomy to understand each other and employ more influential approaches and appropriate influential techniques to make effective credit decisions. It also provides more insight into understanding the nature of credit-decisions and decision-makers and, provokes further research. Originality/value To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study in Sri Lanka that considers certain influencing factors of credit decision-making and proposes a conceptual typology to understand those factors.

scholarly journals Environmental Justice in India: The National Green Tribunal and Expert Members

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Nain Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Technical Expert ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article argues that the involvement of technical experts in decision making promotes better environmental results while simultaneously recognizing the uncertainty in science. India’s record as a progressive jurisdiction in environmental matters through its proactive judiciary is internationally recognized. The neoteric National Green Tribunal of India (NGT) – officially described as a ‘specialised body equipped with necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues’ – is a forum which offers greater plurality for environmental justice. The NGT, in exercising wide powers, is staffed by judicial and technical expert members who decide cases in an open forum. The experts are ‘central’, rather than ‘marginal’, to the NGT’s decision-making process.This article draws on theoretical insights developed by Lorna Schrefler and Peter Haas to analyze the role of scientific experts as decision makers within the NGT. Unprecedented interview access provides data that grants an insight into the internal decision-making processes of the five benches of the NGT. Reported cases, supported by additional comments of bench members, illustrate the wider policy impact of scientific knowledge and its contribution to the NGT’s decision-making process.

The Role of Scientists in Achieving a Better Environment

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cycling Life

Roles or expressions of attitude which scientists should play or display in achieving a better environment for Man and Nature need to include (1) a positive and optimistic viewpoint, (2) a proper perspective in time-dimensions, (3) identification of major developments that have profoundly influenced our view of ourselves as humans, (4) development of a rational conceptual framework within which to arrange the activities required to influence the human environment (involving the four basic processes of energy provision, materials-cycling, life-cycling, and information leading to decision-making), (5) relating of these four basic processes to linking Man far more propitiously than latterly to his environment, (6) effective interaction among disciplines and concomitant advising of decision-makers, (7) developing sophisticated insight into the array of societal issues that confront mankind, and (8) tackling the set of environmental hazards that are particularly critical in developing countries.The paper ends with an appeal to all ‘to reaffirm a robust faith in the destiny of Man.’

scholarly journals The impact of resources on decision making

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain M. Boyle ◽  
Alex H.B. Duffy ◽  
R. Ian Whitfield ◽  
Shaofeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Models ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDecision making is a significant activity within industry and although much attention has been paid to the manner in which goals impact on how decision making is executed, there has been less focus on the impact decision making resources can have. This article describes an experiment that sought to provide greater insight into the impact that resources can have on how decision making is executed. Investigated variables included the experience levels of decision makers and the quality and availability of information resources. The experiment provided insights into the variety of impacts that resources can have upon decision making, manifested through the evolution of the approaches, methods, and processes used within it. The findings illustrated that there could be an impact on the decision-making process but not on the method or approach, the method and process but not the approach, or the approach, method, and process. In addition, resources were observed to have multiple impacts, which can emerge in different timescales. Given these findings, research is suggested into the development of resource-impact models that would describe the relationships existing between the decision-making activity and resources, together with the development of techniques for reasoning using these models. This would enhance the development of systems that could offer improved levels of decision support through managing the impact of resources on decision making.

scholarly journals Decision Making: Rational Choice or Hyper-Rational Choice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Madjid Eshaghi Gordji
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rational Players

In this paper, we provide an interpretation of the rationality in game theory in which player consider the profit or loss of the opponent in addition to personal profit at the game.‎ ‎‎The goal of a game analysis with two hyper-rationality players is to provide insight into real-world situations that are often more complex than a game with two rational players where the choices of strategy are only based on individual preferences. The hyper-rationality does not mean perfect rationality but an insight toward how human decision-makers behave in interactive decisions. ‎‎The findings of this research can help to enlarge our understanding of the psychological aspects of strategy choices in games and also provide an analysis of the decision-making process with cognitive economics approach at the same time.‎ ‎‎‎

scholarly journals Communication and the Decision Making Process among Couples with HIV/AIDS in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
Sexual Preferences ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

The study explores how HIV-positive couples negotiate and make reproductive and sexually related decisions. The broader aim of the paper is to understand how men and women with HIV make decisions about contraception and reproduction and what those decisions indicate about the realities of HIV-positive relationships. In line with the study’s aim to explore meanings related to the decision making process, a qualitative research approach was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 couples in which at least one of them was HIV-positive. A critical interpretive analysis of the data was adopted in order to gain insight into decision making among the HIV-positive couples. The results indicate that decisions made were usually a result of negotiation and compromise between partners. However, women’s fertility and sexual preferences were found to be a major factor in determining the outcome of the decision making process. Couples who intended to have a child were found to be active decision makers while those who only desired or did not desire to have a child were mainly passive decision makers. The study concludes that women exercise significant power over contraceptive and reproductive decisions among both active and passive decision makers.

Get the Data and Make Them Usable

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-115
Author(s):  
Hill and
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Disaster Relief Operations ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Insight Into

As climate change advances and its impacts become clearer, more and more communities around the world will need deeper insight into the future, both immediate and distant. Decision-makers will require information to make high-impact, hard-to-reverse decisions about water, agriculture, and where and how to build infrastructure in a world experiencing climate change. They must model the projected evolution of droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires so that they can help people get out of harm’s way, and they will need data to make disaster-relief operations more effective. The world’s capacity to collect and analyze climate and weather data has exploded. Yet many of the people who need these data lack both access to them and the means to make them useful for decision-making. This chapter describes this data paradox and offer a few ideas on how to escape it.

Assessing hotel readiness to offer local cuisines: a clustering approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 998-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberta Bondzi-Simpson ◽  
Julian K. Ayeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the organisational readiness of small and medium scaled hotels to serve indigenous local cuisines and to segment the hotel properties for gastronomic tourism campaigning and destination marketing aims. The study also explores how the concept of organisational readiness relates to menu decision makers’ intentions, perceived benefits and organisational characteristics.Design/methodology/approachOrganisational readiness was measured by three dimensions (culture, climate and capacity). Data were derived from a survey of primary menu decision makers from 187 hotels in Ghana. Using a combination of hierarchical and non-hierarchical (K-means) algorithms, the hotels were clustered into homogenous groups based on the original raw scores of hotel readiness indicators. The resultant cluster solution was then validated and profiled against relevant external variables.FindingsAnalyses reveal three clusters which distinguish hotels by the degree of readiness to serve indigenous local dishes. The resultant segments differ by hotel category (star rating) as well as by the job positions and perceptions of primary menu decision makers. Unexpectedly, lower class hotels displayed significantly greater levels of organisational readiness to serve indigenous cuisines than those in the higher class category.Research limitations/implicationsThe study demonstrates that organisational readiness is related to perceived benefits and intentions. Among others, the findings advance the understanding of organisational readiness in hotels in the context of menu decision-making. Given the need to embed new practices in a fast-changing hospitality environment, insights drawn could also serve as a basis for future research. Generalisability of empirical findings may be limited by the socio-economic context as well as the study’s focus on small and medium scaled hotels.Practical implicationsThis paper supports hotel businesses in understanding the concept of organisational readiness and its relation to organisational characteristics and menu decision-making. By highlighting the different clusters of hotels, the findings accentuate the need for destination marketers and gastronomic tourism campaigners to target higher classed hotels and draw attention to the potential benefits of serving indigenous cuisines while addressing latent concerns. The results further underscore the role of organisational culture and the necessity for such campaign activities to be directed towards those with ample influence within the hierarchical structures of hotels.Originality/valueThis is an initial attempt to examine the application of the organisational readiness concept to menu decision-making in hotels and to explore the implications for segmentation purposes. Further analysis revealed the critical role of organisational culture on menu decision-making patterns. Thus, the paper applies an important element of organisational development theory to the hotel industry and represents a valuable contribution to the scant literature on indigenous cuisines in hotel food service contexts.

Leading under pressure: evaluating the decision-making style of NHL coaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Kim Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Corporate Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Dimension ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the optimal decision-making style in a fast-paced, complex, and dynamic environment. Design/methodology/approach Three decision-making attributes are explored: the use of intuition vs analysis, the proclivity to heuristics, and susceptibility to bias. The intuition/analysis is tested with a questionnaire that has been validated in prior research, while information on the two other dimensions is from an exploratory survey designed for this purpose. Responses to the survey questions provide some insight into the differential decision-making style of elite NHL hockey coaches’ vis-à-vis amateur coaches and news reporters. Findings The data suggest elite decision makers have no preference for intuitive or analytical settings, but exhibit a significantly higher perception of their ability to perform in both. While current literature shows sports athletes to be more intuitive, it appears coaches excel on the analytical dimension instead. This study finds that while elite hockey coaches have fewer biases overall, they tend in particular to be overly optimistic in comparison to amateur coaches and news reporters. Research limitations/implications The main limitation in this paper is that the survey on heuristics and biases is exploratory, making these results less robust than the findings on intuition and analysis. Originality/value This paper is first to extend the decision-making literature to coaches, and among few papers that obtain insights from NHL coaches directly. The findings are likely to extend to corporate leadership as well, increasing the relevance of the results.

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