scholarly journals Striving for Entrepreneurial Autonomy: A Comparison of Russia and the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Van Gelderen ◽  
Galina Shirokova ◽  
Vladimir Shchegolev ◽  
Tatiana Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTAutonomy is a primary motive, as well as source of satisfaction, for those who start and run their own business. Autonomy is not inherent to business ownership – owner/founders must make concentrated efforts to achieve and maintain autonomy. This study aims to increase our understanding of autonomy by investigating how it is experienced, the factors that affect it, and the actions that business owners take to attain and retain it. We study these topics in the setting of an emerging market – Russia – and compare the outcomes with a similar study conducted in the Netherlands. Our cross-cultural comparison reveals that the way autonomy is experienced and attained can be viewed as an expression of survival values in Russia and of self-expression values in the Netherlands. We posit an underlying structural similarity by theorizing the level of experienced entrepreneurial autonomy to be the outcome of the balance of power and dependencies.

scholarly journals Secondary Art and the Two-Story House: Kuwabara Takeo and the Comparative Imagination in Mid-Century Japan, 1935–1947

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Adam Bronson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Way

This article focuses on the life and ideas of Kuwabara Takeo, a cultural critic and scholar of French literature who became renowned for his 1946 critique of haiku as a “secondary art” in comparison with the novel. By reconstructing Kuwabara's intellectual trajectory from the mid-1930s to the mid-1940s, I show how this famous essay was in part an effort to respond to Karl Löwith's famous critique of Japanese intellectuals. Löwith argued that Japanese intellectuals were insufficiently critical towards their own culture, due to the way that they compartmentalized practices and ideas associated with either Japanese culture or Western civilization. Kuwabara resisted such tendencies through the practice of cross-cultural comparison. His work gained encouragement from and responded to Löwith's critique in a way that illuminates the role that comparisons played in the intellectual culture of mid-twentieth-century Japan.

Children in planned lesbian families: A cross-cultural comparison between the United States and the Netherlands.

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny M. W. Bos ◽  
Nanette K. Gartrell ◽  
Frank van Balen ◽  
Heidi Peyser ◽  
Theo G. M. Sandfort
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Lesbian Families

scholarly journals Multimodal Metaphors and Advertising: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Use of Behavioural Multimodal Metaphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
John Fredy Gil Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Societal Experiences ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

Summary The main purpose of this paper is to analyze how culture is embedded in the way viewers from different language backgrounds conceptualize and interpret the same multimodal metaphors. Therefore, interaction between metaphor and culture is hence a crucial aspect of research in this study. Following Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) and Forceville’s (1996, 2009) approaches, this paper examines how a comparative study undertaken from a cross-cultural perspective can shed light on how culture is an influential factor that can trigger changes in interpretations and reactions in the viewers. Data for this research were gathered with the help of 240 participants taken from 8 different language backgrounds. The subjects of this study were supplied with a questionnaire which consisted of three multimodal metaphors and 8 questions. In particular, I want to focus on the following research questions: (1) Which figurative B-term do different cultures conceptualize in a multimodal metaphor? (2) How aggressive are these multimodal metaphors considered by the participants of the study? On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that not only the cultural background but also the personal has some influence on the way respondents interpret multimodal metaphors. The reactions identified in the responses of the subjects are influenced by different factors: religion, personal and societal experiences, beliefs, etc.

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