Keith Andrew Stewart, Galen’s Theory of Black Bile: Hippocratic Tradition, Manipulation, Innovation, Studies in Ancient Medicine, vol. 51 (Leiden: Brill, 2018), pp. x + 178, € 94/US$113, hardback, ISBN: 9789004382787.

Although researches in the eco-friendly innovation studies have contributed much to technological development, a limited contribution has been made to the importance of structural concepts, strategic decisions and early stage marketing in the diffusion of innovation. The uniqueness of this research lies in its effort of exploring Toyota’s commercialization strategies for the first generation of its green vehicles, Prius Hybrid and RAV4 EV. Literature is reviewed from both historical and technological perspectives. The Roger’s Diffusion model was used and on the basis on this review, it has been argued that Toyota’s hybrid vehicle commercialization strategy affected this company’s electric vehicle development at least for a decade. The results fill a gap in the literature, particularly in Green vehicles research, development, and marketing.

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Regimes reloaded! A reappraisal of Schumpeterian patterns of innovation, 1977–2011

Journal of Evolutionary Economics ◽

10.1007/s00191-021-00735-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Fontana ◽

Arianna Martinelli ◽

Alessandro Nuvolari

Keyword(s):

Structural Properties ◽

Technical Change ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Learning Processes ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Industrial Dynamics ◽

Innovation Studies ◽

Technological Regimes ◽

Sectoral Differences ◽

Innovation Patterns

AbstractOne of the most significant results of the empirical literature on innovation studies of the 1980s and 1990s was that innovation patterns were characterized by important inter-sectoral differences. This finding prompted a lively research agenda that: i) provided empirical characterizations of sectoral patterns of innovation by means of taxonomic exercises; ii) sought to interpret sectoral patterns of innovation as emerging properties of underlying selection and learning processes reflecting the structural properties of technical change at sectoral level (“technological regimes”). In this paper, we reconsider one of the landmark works on technological regimes (e.g., Breschi et al. 2000), reassess its findings, and perform a quasi-replication of their its exercise. Our conclusion is that the proposed distinction between Schumpeterian patterns of innovation (Mark I vs. Mark II) and their interpretation in terms of technological regimes has still the promise of yielding important insights concerning on the connection between inventive activities and industrial dynamics.

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Marx, subsumption and the critique of innovation

Organization ◽

10.1177/13505084211015377 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135050842110153

Author(s):

Shannon Walsh

Keyword(s):

Critical Study ◽

Innovation Studies ◽

Critical Scholarship ◽

The Social ◽

Marxist Approach ◽

Analytical Tools

This paper advances a Marxist approach to the critical study of innovation. Such an approach offers alternative analytical tools for understanding the social and political aspects of innovation that are increasingly coming into focus within academic and practitioner fields. After outlining the emerging field of critical innovation studies and its key concerns, I turn to the question of how a Marxist critique differs from other forms of critical scholarship. I then introduce Marx’s application of the concept of subsumption to account for the relation between innovation and capital and to demonstrate the strength of a Marxist approach to the critical study of innovation.

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Hidden in the limelight: A feminist engagement with innovation studies

Organization ◽

10.1177/13505084211015380 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135050842110153

Author(s):

Lara Pecis ◽

Karin Berglund

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Bell Hooks ◽

Innovation Studies ◽

Subject Positions ◽

Space Race ◽

The Subject ◽

Political Dimensions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positively Charged ◽

Blind Spots

Innovation is filled with aspirations for solutions to problems, and for laying the groundwork for new technological and social breakthroughs. When a concept is so positively charged, the hopes expressed may create blindness to potential shortcomings and deadlocks. To disclose innovation blind spots, we approach innovation from a feminist viewpoint. We see innovation as a context that changes historically, and as revolution, offering alternative imaginaries of the relationship between race, gender and innovation. Our theoretical framework combines bell hooks (capitalist patriarchy and intersectionality), Mazzucato (the entrepreneurial state and the changing context of innovation) and Fraser (redistributive justice) and contributes with an understanding of innovation from the margin by unveiling its political dimensions. Hidden Figures, the 2016 biographical drama that follows three Black women working at NASA during the space race, provides the empirical setting of the paper. Our analysis contributes to emerging intersectionality research in management and organisation studies (MOS) by revealing the subject positions and dynamics of inclusion/exclusion in innovation discourses, and by proposing a radical – and more inclusive – rethinking of innovation. With this article, we aim to push the margins to the centre and invite others to discover the terrain of the margin(alised). We suggest that our feminist framework is appropriate to study other organisational phenomena, over time and across contexts, to bring forward the plurality of women’s experiences at work and in organisations.

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Antiulcer activity of Lagerstroemia indica leaves in Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00765 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4408-4412

Author(s):

Sweety Saini ◽

Chandana Majee

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Standard Group ◽

Ulcer Index ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Ancient Medicine ◽

Model Method ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Ulcer Model ◽

Histopathological Investigation

Lagerstroemia indica, is a natural plant which have traditional use from the ancient medicine for the treatment of many diseases. The gastroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica and the possible mechanisms used to investigated the ulcer activity through indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Method: male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (normal control, n=6), (standard omeprazole group, n=6) and (extract group, n=6). Each of control, omeprazole and extract were administered orally to the rats daily for 21 days before the induction of ulcer with the help of indomethacin. On the 21 days indomethacin was administered with single oral dose (20mg/kg). Four hours later after the administration of indomethacin dose treatment, the rats were sacrificed and gastric tissue was taken for histopathological investigation for the calculation of pH, ulcer inhibition, ulcer index. The observation significantly increased (p < 0.01) value that reduced the ulcer by the treatment with Lagerstroemia indica. Result: The result indicates the antiulcer effect of the Lagerstroemia indica extracts showed significant effect during comparision with control and standard group. The data of study revealed that the extracts of Lagerstroemia indica proved to show control over the model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration which gives potent activity against ulceration.

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