scholarly journals The Place of Post-Traumatic Amnesia in the Assessment of Blunt Head Trauma: The Epistemic, Professional and Material Factors Shaping British Neurology, circa 1920–40

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Ross
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Blunt Head Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Second World

The increase in road traffic accidents in twentieth-century Britain brought with it a rise in the number of patients admitted to hospital with blunt, non-penetrating head injuries. Patients who had suffered mild to moderate trauma typically complained of a variety of problems, including headaches, dizziness and giddiness. For the neurologists tasked with diagnosing and treating these patients, such symptoms proved difficult to assess and liable to obscure the clinical picture. This article focuses on why neurologists turned to time as a diagnostic-tool in helping to resolve these issues, specifically the measurement of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). This article argues that PTA became so central to neurological diagnosis owing to a set of epistemic, professional and material factors in the decades prior to the Second World War. It concludes with a call for deeper appreciation of the range of issues that contribute to the shaping of medical theories of head trauma.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Defects And Face Deformations: Features Of Diagnostics And Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Iftikhor Obidjonovich Nigmatov ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov ◽  
Jamolbek Abdukakhkhorovich Djuraev ◽  
Yusupov Shokhrukh Shukhratovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic

The high growth of injuries, the absence in the country of a unified approach to the treatment of victims with pathology of the bones of the face and skull leads to a sharp increase in the number of patients with post-traumatic deformities, defects, often to their disability and death. This problem has recently acquired the greatest importance in connection with the increase in the number of victims in areas of natural disasters and road traffic accidents. Severe multiple fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the facial skeleton, accompanied by craniocerebral trauma of varying degrees, bleeding and liquorrhea, are often outwardly unnoticeable, since they are hidden by pronounced edema, hemorrhages in soft tissues, and can only be determined with a targeted specialized examination. These types of examinations and the provision of specialized medical care are possible only in multidisciplinary centers. Therefore, these types of injuries are not always diagnosed in a timely manner, especially in severely injured with the presence of pronounced injuries of other localizations.

scholarly journals Analytical report on post traumatic hydrocephalus

YMER Digital ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
R Srinivas ◽  
◽  
Mohamed Naleer ◽  
Kishore Kumar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fall From Height ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Set Up

Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a field and disorder less explored in neurosurgery though we see many cases. The commonest causes in our set up includes head injury for which people have undergone decompressive craniectomies, severe head injuries with raised ICP. We did a clinical analysis on 23 cases in a period of 3 years duration from 2018 -2021. We did Evd in few cases for emergency purposes when there was decerebration and we went ahead with VP shunt in all the patients who had gross ventricular dilatation. We have projected our analytical report in these cases. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery in Sri Ramachandra medical college. The clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with PTH was studied. These cases were treated by surgery. The stastical analysis along with cause of the hydrocephalus with the outcome in pre and postoperative period were studied. RESULTS Among the 23 patients studied 82% were males. Road traffic accident was the main cause of injury. The other main cause was a fall from height. Assault was another reason for head injuries which we recorded. We found all road traffic accidents were only because of bike riders either pillion or the people driving the vehicle. . Craniotomy was done in 50 % of the patients, 90 % of the patients recovered who had a gcs of 13 to 7. People with gcs lss than 7 were intubated recovery rate was 7.5 %. . There was 100%mortality because of primary head injury in all the patients who had brain stem contusions with dilated pupil. CONCLUSIONS Trauma to head and who were operated had the highest incidence of post tramatic head injury. Smaller the decompressive craniectomies had symptomatic post traumatic head ache with post traumatic hydrocephalus.. CT scan of the brain is considered the choice of investigation toearly diagnose PTH.we even analysed the ct scan and found when there was periventricular lucency the patient outcome after VP shunting is good. KEY WORDS Hydrocephalus, Head Injury, Trauma

scholarly journals CT Findings and Histological Evaluation of Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Chronic Head Trauma Injury: A Retrospective Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Luca Lacitignola ◽  
Rossella Samarelli ◽  
Nicola Zizzo ◽  
Elena Circella ◽  
Claudia Acquafredda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Post Mortem Findings ◽  
Trauma Injury

Large numbers of wild animals are injured every year in road traffic accidents. Scant data are available for rescued wild carnivores, in particular for red foxes. Cases of foxes with head trauma were retrospectively considered for inclusion in this study. Clinical examination, modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS), computed tomography (CT) examination, therapy, outcome, and post mortem findings of the brain were investigated. In all foxes, cranial vaults lesion occurred in single (67%) or multiple sites (33%). Midline shift and hydrocephalus were observed in this population. The mean survival was 290 (±176) days. In our study, we performed CT scans on average 260 days after fox rescue, and we speculate that persisting clinical signs could be attributed to TBI. In our study, only two foxes were alive at the time of writing. Other foxes were euthanized due to the severity of the clinical signs. CT scans help diagnose chronic lesions and their effect on prognostic judgment for animals released to wildlife environments.

A Study of the Investigation of Death (Coroner System) in Sri Lanka

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

Sri Lanka (Ceylon) inherited the `coroner system' of investigating death in the early nineteenth century. Unlike in England and Wales, the coroner system in Sri Lanka did not change much in the last century. This study, the first of its kind, was performed for a period of three months in 1995 to analyse the causes and circumstances of deaths reported for inquest, and the number of autopsies performed. Of the 868 cases reported to the Inquirer, the circumstances were not determined in 94 cases at the initial inquest proceedings. Of the other 774 cases, 454 (58.7%) were natural deaths. Autopsies were performed on 44.5% of natural deaths, 58.2% of accidental deaths, 96% of road traffic accidents, 44.9 % of suicides and 81.6% of homicides. Coronary heart disease was the leading cause of natural death (33.9%). Head injuries were responsible for 31.8% of accidental deaths while burns accounted for 24.5% of accidental deaths and 46.3% of suicides. There were 38 cases (4.9%) of homicide of which autopsies were performed in 31. There is an urgent need to reform the century-old laws relating to inquest procedures in the country.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF INJURIES IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ADMITTED TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF GMCH, BETTIAH, WEST CHAMPARAN, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Traffic Rules

Majority of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, even though these countries have approximately half of the world's vehicles. India is no exception and data showed that more than 1.3 lakh people died on Indian roads, giving India the dubious honour of topping the global list of fatalities from road crashes. Road traffic injuries have been neglected from the global health agenda for many years, despite being predictable and largely preventable. Evidence from many countries shows that dramatic successes in preventing road traffic crashes can be achieved through concerted efforts that involve, but are not limited to, the health sector. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents Admitted to Emergency Department of GMCH, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar, India from jan 2018 to Dec 2018.In the present study 20 cases suffered from the road traffic accidents were evaluated for the pattern of injury. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire especially designed for this purpose was used for interviewing the accident victims, either in the emergency itself or in the wards. In India, there are ample risk factors for RTAs to occur because of lack of proper infrastructural facilities, poor designs of roads, improper implementation of traffic rules and a high load of variety of vehicles on the roads.  Road traffic accidents with head injuries are much more common in young working males as compared to females and that to in those who were pedestrians and motor cyclists. The rate of incidence is higher in India because of bad traffic patterns and possibly the lack of awareness about traffic rules and also lack of good hospital services to our victims of RTAs. Keywords: Injuries, Road Traffic Accidents, Emergency Department, GMCH, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar, etc.  

A prospective Study of Cranial Injuries: A Review of Management Traumatic brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Presnall Rabas ◽  
Polozar Norbert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Traumatic Amnesia ◽  
A Prospective Study

Head injuries (HI) are one of the most common causes of death, morbidity and disabilities in young adults. Epidemiological studies allow a quantitative estimation in terms of incidence and a qualitative estimate for the identification of risk factors in specific populations. These estimates may enable appropriate prevention programs. Estimates of annual incidence rates depend on territories, periods and methodological tools. Annual rates for hospitalized patients are found between 150 and 300/100,000 inhabitants. Severity of HI can be assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) or the Post-Traumatic Amnesia duration. Annual incidences of severe HI will depend on the selected score: around 25/100,000 inhabitants for cerebral trauma with intracranial injuries, around 9/100,000 for the most severe HI, with an AIS maximum of 5 with coma. The male:female ratio increases with degree of severity. Traffic accidents were the most frequent cause of HI. Many patients have associated injuries, worsening the outcome. Some risk factors are considered. Preventive measures are mainly conducted for traffic accidents, and include speed limit and regulations on helmet or seat belt use. Results of these measures are analysed Postoperative dysfunction affected one cranial nerve in 25 patients, two nerves in four and three nerves in one patient. Most cranial nerve injuries were asymptomatic or mild in severity, resolved in one to 12 months and probably were caused by intraoperative retraction.

scholarly journals Rates of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Mild Head Trauma Patients Presenting to Emergency Department and Their Management: A Comparison of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Drugs with Vitamin K Antagonists

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Savioli ◽  
Iride Francesca Ceresa ◽  
Sabino Luzzi ◽  
Cristian Gragnaniello ◽  
Alice Giotta Lucifero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Blunt Head Trauma ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objectives: Anticoagulants are thought to increase the risks of traumatic intracranial injury and poor clinical outcomes after blunt head trauma. The safety of using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. This study aims to compare the incidence of post-traumatic ICH following mild head injury (MHI) and to assess the need for surgery, mortality rates, emergency department (ED) revisit rates, and the volume of ICH. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center observational study on all patients admitted to our emergency department for mild head trauma from 1 January 2016, to 31 December 2018. We enrolled 234 anticoagulated patients, of which 156 were on VKAs and 78 on DOACs. Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scans on arrival (T0) and after 24 h (T24). The control group consisted of patients not taking anticoagulants, had no clotting disorders, and who reported an MHI in the same period. About 54% in the control group had CTs performed. Results: The anticoagulated groups were comparable in baseline parameters. Patients on VKA developed ICH more frequently than patients on DOACs and the control group at 17%, 5.13%, and 7.5%, respectively. No significant difference between the two groups was noted in terms of surgery, intrahospital mortality rates, ED revisit rates, and the volume of ICH. Conclusions: Patients with mild head trauma on DOAC therapy had a similar prevalence of ICH to that of the control group. Meanwhile, patients on VKA therapy had about twice the ICH prevalence than that on the control group or patients on DOAC, which remained after correcting for age. No significant difference in the need for surgery was determined; however, this result must take into account the very small number of patients needing surgery.

Psychological consequences of road traffic accidents for children and their mothers

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BRYANT ◽  
R. MAYOU ◽  
L. WIGGS ◽  
A. EHLERS ◽  
G. STORES
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Outcome ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background. Little is known about the psychological and behavioural consequences of road traffic accidents for children. The study aimed to determine the outcome of road traffic accidents on children and their mothers.Method. A 1-year cohort study of consecutive child attenders aged 5–16 years at an Accident and Emergency Department. Data were extracted from medical notes and from interview and self-report at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.Results. The children had an excellent physical outcome. Fifteen per cent suffered acute stress disorder; 25% suffered post-traumatic stress disorder at 3 months and 18% at 6 months. Travel anxiety was frequent. Post-traumatic consequences for mothers were common.Conclusion. Psychological outcome was poor for a minority of children and associated with disability, especially for travel. There were significant family consequences. There is a need for changes in clinical care to prevent, identify and treat distressing and disabling problems.

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