scholarly journals Cullen, a Cautionary Tale

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Dyde
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Big Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
William Cullen ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Silver Bullet

AbstractSome ideas return after the briefest of exiles: reductionism is back in vogue. Existential questions – about who we are, about our origins and future, about what is valuable – no longer require difficult soul searching, especially when straightforward answers are expected from the neurosciences. History is being rewritten with the brain as its centrepiece; the search for great men and big ideas of the past begins again. William Cullen (1710–90), whose work on neurosis was once part of the history of psychoanalysis, is now well placed to become part of such a neuro-history. This article attempts to subvert this process, by rebuilding the original meaning of neurosis through Cullen’s physiological and medical works, in comparison with his predecessor, Robert Whytt (1714–66), and illustrating this meaning using one particular neurosis: hypochondriasis. The result is a more complicated version of neurosis which, importantly, carries significant insights into the nature and practice of medicine. Moreover, this article examines how Cullen’s standing fell in the 1820s as British physicians and surgeons turned to an idea which promised to reform medicine: pathological anatomy. When these hopes faded, Cullen became a figure obsessed with the nerves. This image has survived to the present, a blank canvas onto which any theory can be projected. It also values precisely what Cullen warned against: simplistic explanations of the body and disease, and unthinking confidence in the next big idea or silver bullet. Neurosis was not simply a nervous ailment, but it is a warning against reductionism in history making.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

scholarly journals Recurrent Thrombotic Vasculopathy in a Former Cocaine User

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Preeti Jadhav ◽  
Hassan Tariq ◽  
Masooma Niazi ◽  
Giovanni Franchin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Rehabilitation ◽  
Cocaine User ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urine Toxicology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infectious Etiology

We report a case of a 35-year-old female who presented to the emergency room (ER) complaining of a pruritic rash involving multiple areas of the body. She had a significant history of cocaine use in the past. She had first developed a similar rash in 2013 when she was diagnosed with cocaine-induced vasculitis. Her urine toxicology had been positive for cocaine in the past until July 2013. She was incarcerated and attended a drug rehabilitation program after which she quit cocaine use, which was consistent with negative urine toxicology on subsequent admissions. Further workup did not reveal any other, autoimmune or infectious, etiology of this clinical presentation. The patient underwent biopsy of the skin lesion that was consistent with thrombotic vasculopathy likely secondary to levamisole.

The Development of the Canon Law Since 1500 A. D.

1940 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivan A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church ◽  
Straight Rod

The body of law dealing with discipline, polity, and sacramental administration which has grown up in the history of the church is ordinarily styled Canon Law (jus canonicum), because it is a collection of canons. Canon (derived from the Greek kanon) means a rule, in a material and moral sense. Its original meaning was a straight rod. In apostolic times it signified the truth of Christianity as an authoritative standard of life and a statement of doctrine in general. It is, therefore, easy to understand how the word kanon later came to mean the ecclesiastical legislation which governed the conduct of the faithful. The excellent definition given by Archbishop Cicognani. states that “The Canon Law may be denned as ‘the body of laws made by the lawful ecclesiastical authority for the government of the Church’.”

scholarly journals A comparative study of impact on cognitive function between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1547
Author(s):  
Dharnaben A. Patel ◽  
Dhruv J. Patel ◽  
N. D. Kantharia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
The Brain

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, hyperlipidemia etc, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It affects various organs of the body including the brain. Cognitive function is the thinking process of the brain. In any chronic disease evaluation of cognitive function is justified as it may affect various common day to day activities.Methods: It is a prospective, observational and non-interventional study. Thirty diabetic patients who were recently started on insulin i.e. within 7 days were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty non diabetic healthy individuals served as a control. Cognitive function was accessed by Adenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE III) at the time of enrollment.Results: The results were analysed using paired t-test. Attention, Memory and Visiospatial ability was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control. Verbal fluency and language was also reduced but the change was not significant. Total ACE III score was significantly reduced in diabetic patients compared to control.Conclusions: Cognitive function is significantly reduced in Diabetic patients recently started on insulin. Hyperglycemia could be the possible reason of cognitive decline. Proper understanding of the natural history of Diabetes and the pathogenesis of cognitive decline as well as control of Diabetes can help to prevent development of cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Superior Oblique Myokymia Presumed Due to Large Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Laura Donaldson ◽  
Brian van Adel ◽  
Amadeo R. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Primary Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Superior Oblique

A 26-year-old female presented with a complaint of intermittent oscillopsia and binocular vertical diplopia for the past 5 years. Over the past several months, she had noticed intermittent pulsatile tinnitus. She was otherwise healthy with no previous history of trauma and had no other visual or neurologic complaints. In Neuro-ophthalmology clinic, she was found to have 20/15 vision in both eyes with full ocular motility. There was a small exophoria in primary position and small esophoria in downgaze. Her slit lamp and fundus examinations were normal. During the assessment, the left eye was noted to undergo high-frequency, small amplitude incyclotorsional oscillations for a few seconds at a time (Video 1 in the supplementary material), which she was able to provoke by looking down. The diagnosis of superior oblique myokymia was made, and an MRI/MRA of the brain was requested.

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone: Chemistry and Recent Developments

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Garner ◽  
Paul A. Keller ◽  
Adam McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fight Or Flight Response ◽  
The Brain

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone [CRH; also known as Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF)], a 41-amino-acid hormone, is one of the body’ major modulators of the stress response. CRH coordinates the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioural responses to stress through actions in both the brain and the periphery activating the ‘fight or flight’ response. CRH is also implicated in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and anorexia nervosa, and it has been described as a biological clock controlling the length of gestation in humans and other higher-order primates. In the past decade there has been an enormous effort expended in the design and development of new therapeutic agents targetting CRHs in the central nervous and peripheral systems. In this review, we examine the chemistry and recent developments in this exciting field.

Convexity Meningioma Presenting as Postpartum Eclampsia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bello B Shehu ◽  
Nasiru J Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
In Pregnancy

A 37-year-old woman, Para 5+0 presented with a 1 year history of recurrent convulsions and progressive weakness of the right side of the body. She had been treated for postpartum eclampsia in her last delivery but symptoms recurred 3 months later. Evaluation including computerized tomography scan of the brain suggested a parieto-temporal meningioma, which was completely excised at craniotomy. Histology confirmed this to be a meningioma. The patient was well at 8 months of follow up. The growth of meningiomas may increase during pregnancy due to presence of receptors for progestational hormones in the tumour and the meningioma may become symptomatic in pregnancy, presenting as eclampsia. Close follow up of patients with eclampsia is necessary to identify neurological features that may lead to a diagnosis of meningioma. Early diagnosis is essential if a good outcome is to be ensured.

scholarly journals A Survey in Implementation and Applications of Electroencephalograph (EEG)-Based Brain-Computer Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1132
Author(s):  
Samaa S. Abdulwahab ◽  
Hussain K. Khleaf ◽  
Manal H. Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Translation Systems ◽  
The Brain

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an external system that controls activities and processes in the physical world based on brain signals. In Passive BCI, artificial signals are automatically generated by a computer program without any input from nerves in the body. This is useful for individuals with mobility issues. Traditional BCI has been dependent only on recording brain signals with Electroencephalograph (EEG) and has used a rule-based translation algorithm to generate control commands. These systems have developed very accurate translation systems. This paper is about the different methods for adapting the signals from the brain. It has been mentioned that various kinds of surveys in the past to serve the purpose of the present research. This paper shows a simple and easy analysis of each technique and its respective benefits and drawbacks, including signal acquisition, signal pre-processing, feature classification and classification. Finally,  discussed is the application of EEG-based BCI.

scholarly journals A case of Trixacarus caviae mange in a guinea pig (Caviaporcellus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PERRAKI (Μ. ΠΕΡΡΑΚΗ) ◽  
M. SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
C. KOUTINAS (X. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
A. KOUTINAS (Α. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. PAPAZACHARIADOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΔΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Animal Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pruritic Skin

A male, peruvian, 1.5-years old, guinea pig {Cavia porcellus) was admitted to the Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine with a history of intensively pruritic skin lesions lasting for the past two months. Physical examination disclosed hypotrichosis, erythema, hyperpigmentation, scales, crusts, ulcers and papules in a focal to diffuse pattern on both the dorsal and ventral aspects of the body trunk. Whenever the handling of the animal was attempted, it started vocalizing, cycling and rolling in a frenzy manner. Pruritic papules were also observed on some parts of the glabrous skin of the owner. The diagnosis of Trixacarus caviae mange was based on the observation of the parasite in superficial skin scrapings. The subcutaneous administration of three weekly ivermectin injections, at the dose of 0.4 mg/Kg BW, resulted in the disappearance of the lesions and pruritus within a six-week period.

scholarly journals Neurochemical mechanisms and pharmacology of ghrelins

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Petr D. Shabanov ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
Nikanor V. Lavrov ◽  
Vitalii I. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ghrelin Receptors ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of the review was to analyze the neurochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms of the ghrelin system and the role of ghrelin in body functions and behavior. The focus is on the participation of ghrelin in the mechanisms of reinforcement and the formation of addictive behavior. At the beginning of the review a history of the first works on the field of ghrelin and its receptor was described. Then, genetic control, molecular precursor of ghrelin, molecular forms of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor were represented. In particular, the distribution of the ghrelin receptor, ghrelin-producing cells in the brain and its participation in various physiological functions of the body were shown. The hypothalamic functions of ghrelin were discussed: energy balance, regulation of glucose metabolism, stimulation of eating behavior, regulation of hypophys-pituitary axis (HPA) system. The connection of ghrelin with the brain CRH system was demonstrated. In particular, activation of HPA was described as a possible mechanism through which ghrelin regulates a number of physiological processes. Extrahypothalamic action of ghrelin was shown on the basis of the mechanisms of reinforcement and addiction. On the basis of their own data and literary, it was concluded that action of alcohol and psychoactive drugs are reduced after the ghrelin receptors blockade. In particular, it has been demonstrated that alcoholization of mothers affects the activity of the ghrelin system during the prenatal and early postnatal periods of development in the offspring of rats. It was shown the participation of ghrelin in memory and learning. The further perspective of the study and practical application of ghrelin-based pharmacological agents was analyzed.

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