scholarly journals ‘Chronophilia’: Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diederik F. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Gender Preference ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Distinct Subtype

A scientific nomenclature oferotic age preferencesinformed the mid- through late nineteenth century joint appearance of homosexuality and sexual abuse of minors on the medico-legal scene. Yet, even in the twenty-first century, legal, psychiatric and culture-critical dimensions of related terms are rarely cleanly distinguished. Review of primary sources shows the ongoing Western suspension of notions of ‘sick desire’, alongside and beyond the medicalisation of homosexuality, between metaphor, legal interdiction and postulated psychopathology. Virtually all early attention to erotic age preference occurred in the context of emergent attention to erotic gender preference. Age of attraction and age difference centrally animate modern homosexuality’s pre-modern past; its earliest psychiatric nomenclature and typologies (1844–69); its early aetiologies stipulating degrees of sexual differentiation (1890s); its concomitant sub-classification (1896–1914); its earliest psychophysiological tests (1950s); and, finally, its post-psychiatric, social scientific typologies (1980s). Several identifications of ‘paedophilia’ were seen throughout the 1890s but as a trope it gained cultural momentum only during, and as a seemingly intriguing corollary of, the progressive depsychiatricisation of homosexuality across the Anglo-European world (late 1950s through 1980s). Early twentieth century sources varied in having it denote (1) a distinct perversion, thus possible ‘complication’ of sexual inversion (2) a discrete corollary of psychosexual differentiation akin to gender preference (3) a distinct subtype of fetishism, thus a likely imprint of early seduction (4) a more intricate expression of erotic symbolism or psychosexual complex or (5) a taste answering to culture, a lack of it, or a libertine disregard for it.

Rethinking Mahler

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Temporal Experience ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Historical Past

Gustav Mahler’s anniversary years (2010–11) have provided an opportunity to rethink the composer’s position within the musical, cultural and multi-disciplinary landscapes of the twenty-first century, as well as to reassess his relationship with the historical traditions of his own time. Comprising a collection of essays by leading and emerging scholars in the field, Rethinking Mahler in part counterbalances common scholarly assumptions and preferences which predominantly configure Mahler as proto-modernist, with hitherto somewhat neglected consideration of his debt to, and his re-imagining of, the legacies of his own historical past. It reassesses his engagement both with the immediate creative and cultural present of the late nineteenth century, and with the weight of a creative and cultural past that was the inheritance of artists living and working at that time. From a variety of disciplinary perspectives the contributors pursue ideas of nostalgia, historicism and ‘pastness’ in relation to an emergent pluralist modernity and subsequent musical-cultural developments. Mahler’s relationship with music, media and ideas past, present, and future is explored in three themed sections, addressing among them issues in structural analysis; cultural contexts; aesthetics; reception; performance, genres of stage, screen and literature; history/historiography; and temporal experience.

3. Why are some countries rich and others poor?

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Ian Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Development Trajectories

‘Why are some countries rich and others poor?’ considers various theories of economic growth, including Robert Solow’s widely used 1956 model, and charts the uneven development of countries around the world from the late nineteenth century, through the twentieth century, and into the twenty-first century. Some countries, such as Japan and South Korea, have seen miraculous economic growth, whereas countries such as Argentina and Uruguay have not experienced expected levels of growth. The factors that affect development trajectories include natural resource endowments, geography, history, institutions, politics, and power. While overall levels of poverty have declined, levels of inequality are rising in almost all countries.

The Bible and Creationism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Trollinger ◽  
William Vance Trollinger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Organic Evolution ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Young Earth Creationism ◽  
Conservative Protestants ◽  
Over Time

Biblical creationism emerged in the late nineteenth century among conservative Protestants who were unable to square a plain, commonsensical, “literal” reading of the Bible with Charles Darwin’s theory of organic evolution. As this chapter details, over time a variety of increasingly literal “creationisms” have emerged. For the first century after Origin of Species (1859), old Earth creationism—which accepted mainstream geology—held sway. But with the 1961 publication of The Genesis Flood—Noah’s flood explains the geological strata—young Earth creationism took center stage. Waiting in the wings, however, is a geocentric creationism that rejects mainstream biology, geology, and cosmology.

Gay Affections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard P. Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Gay Identities

This chapter considers how gay identities—and so gay affections—were formed in the course of the twentieth century, building on the late nineteenth-century invention of the ‘homosexual’. It also considers earlier construals of same-sex affections and the people who had them, the soft men and hard women of the first century and the sodomites of the eleventh. It thus sketches a history of continuities and discontinuities, of overlapping identities and emotional possibilities. The chapter resists the assumption that gay identity and experience can be reduced to anything less than the multitude of gay people, and that as Christians they have to give an account of themselves in a way that heterosexual Christians do not. The chapter warns against thinking gay identity undone in Christ.

Changes in marriage patterns in the Spanish province of Navarre from the eighteenth to the twentieth century

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
JESÚS J. SÁNCHEZ BARRICARTE
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Last 300 Years ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Spanish Province

This article examines developments in marriage patterns in the Spanish province of Navarre over the last 300 years. The data from Navarrese villages show that the age of both men and women on their first marriage was well past the onset of sexual maturity. However, major differences were noted between the marriage patterns in the different villages. It was also noteworthy that the increasing intensity in marriage patterns observed in other European countries from the late nineteenth century onwards is not reflected in the case of Spain. Spain, and particularly rural Navarre, saw an uninterrupted decline in I′m values from the late-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The possible influence of migratory movements on the I′m values in rural Navarre is analysed. Findings are also reported concerning the age difference between partners offer the last three centuries.

scholarly journals A shy hope in the heart? Religious journalism in Australia and the Kuyperian legacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R Pass
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Independent Media ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Media Company

This article explores points of contact between Abraham Kuyper’s legacy in the field of religious journalism and the Centre for Public Christianity, an independent media company at the forefront of Australian religious journalism. While the cultural, political, and religious setting of twenty–first century Australia could not be further removed from that of late nineteenth century Netherlands, these two approaches to religious journalism hold much potential for mutual resourcement. The points of contact identified indicate the possibility that Kuyperian principle holds considerable explanatory power for the praxis of the Centre for Public Christianity, just as the praxis of the Centre for Public Christianity exposes underdeveloped elements of Kuyperian principle.

scholarly journals 'All Will be Amply Labelled…' The Educational Policies and Practices of the Horniman Free Museum

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-329
Author(s):  
Ryan Nutting
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Member Of Parliament ◽  
Previous Scholarship

This work examines the policies and educational programming produced by the Horniman Free Museum in London prior to its closure in 1898. Relying upon primary sources, such as the writings of tea merchant and Member of Parliament Frederick Horniman and the staff of the museum, this article refutes previous scholarship on this museum and argues that the museum possessed a clear mission, curatorial and exhibition practices, and educational practices that were derived from late nineteenth-century museum practices and theory. By examining how the Horniman Free Museum created and described its policies and programming, this article presents a basis for further work on understanding how late nineteenth-century museums interpreted museum theory for constructing and displaying knowledge about the world.

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