scholarly journals Mediating Illegality: Federal, State, and Institutional Policies in the Educational Experiences of Undocumented College Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 679-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Enriquez ◽  
Martha Morales Hernandez ◽  
Daniel Millán ◽  
Daisy Vazquez Vera
Keyword(s):  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Undocumented Students ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
University Support ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University

Immigration federalism scholarship has established that state and local government policies can make federally defined immigration status more or less consequential. Drawing primarily on focus groups and interviews with 184 undocumented students attending the University of California, we suggest that institutional policies work alongside state and local efforts to mediate the consequences of illegality for undocumented students. We find that the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, state-funded financial aid policies, and university support programs all facilitate the integration of undocumented students by increasing access to higher education and enabling fuller participation. Although federal policies contribute to persistent barriers to academic engagement and professional development, we show that universities can intervene to improve educational experiences and opportunities. Ultimately, we argue that university policies are a key site for intervening in immigration policy and constructing immigrant illegality.

Once and Future Trees

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard G. Wilshire ◽  
Richard W. Hazlett ◽  
Jane E. Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Forest Lands

Along the Colorado Plateau’s high-standing Mogollon Rim in northern Arizona’s Coconino National Forest stands a small patch of big trees that matured well before Europeans came to North America. Massive ponderosa pines, and even pinyon pines and western junipers, tower above the forest floor, shutting out all but the most shade-tolerant competitors. Few places like this one still exist anywhere in the United States, even on national forest lands. A tourist hoping to see all the diversity that earliest European arrivals found commonplace in the western landscape must seek out a wide scattering of isolated enclaves across the region. Western forests no longer contain the grand glades and lush thickets that our forerunners encountered because most woodlands, especially those owned by the public, largely serve a wide variety of human purposes, as campsites or home sites, board-feet of lumber, potential jobs, recreational playgrounds, and even temples of the spirit. We also rely on forests to maintain habitat for endangered species and seed banks for restoring depleted biodiversity—and to provide us with clean air and water, stable hillside soils, and flood control in wet years. Forests must perform these roles while being consumed, fragmented by roads, and heavily eroded. But there is no guarantee that these most beloved and iconic of natural resources can sustain such a burden. Federal, state, and local government agencies oversee and regulate western U.S. forest lands and their uses, trying to manage the complex and only partly understood biological interactions of forest ecology to serve public needs. But after nine decades of variable goals, and five decades of encroaching development, western woodlands are far from healthy. Urban pollution and exotic tree diseases, some brought by humans, are killing pines, firs, and oaks. Loggers have more than decimated the oldest mountainside forests—most valuable for habitat and lumber alike—with clearcutting practices that induce severe soil erosion. Illegal clearings for marijuana farms are increasing.

An Analysis of Small Business Administration's Surety Bond Guarantee Program

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lalit Gadhia ◽  
Jack J. Tawil
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Small Business Administration ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Government Construction

This paper reviews the performance of the Surety Bond Guarantee Program of the Small Business Administration in terms of its impact on small and minority contractors, Federal, state and local government construction costs, employment, and the cost to the taxpayer. With a formalized model, it identifies conditions under which sureties have an incentive to use the program to bond conventionally bondable contractors, and demonstrates how SBA can alter variables within its control to remove these conditions, taking into account the trade-off between discouraging bondable and encouraging unbondable contractors’ participation in the program.

Continuity of Operations planning: Meeting the standard of care

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Robin J. Clark, JD ◽  
Megan H. Timmins, JD
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Continuity Of Operations ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

Recent disasters have increased the public’s awareness of the lack of emergency preparedness of state and local governments. The attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 highlighted failures in government agency coordination, while the anthrax attacks that followed and the more recent natural disasters of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 have deepened concerns that our government is unprepared for emergencies. Partially in response to the public’s concern, the federal government has encouraged Continuity of Operations (COOP) planning at the federal, state, and local government levels.Public attention, government engagement, and the promulgation of federal directives and guidance are leading to an increase in the standard of care for all public sector planning efforts, thus creating potential liabilities in the areas of COOP planning, testing, training, and maintenance. At this point, COOP planning is becoming the norm for state and local government agencies, and while the process of COOP planning may itself expose agencies to certain liabilities, there is also an increase in the potential liability for agencies that do not undertake COOP planning efforts. Further, it appears that the potential liability of agencies that do not engage in COOP planning far exceeds any liabilities incurred through the planning process.

City Managers’ Job Satisfaction and Frustration

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahong Zhang ◽  
Xiang Yao ◽  
Jong One Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Local Government ◽  
City Government ◽  
Federal State ◽  
City Managers ◽  
Community Influence ◽  
City Population ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

As an organizational objective and social value, job satisfaction is important in itself. Various studies have investigated job satisfaction of government employees at the federal, state, and local government levels. This study focuses on job satisfaction of city managers. In particular, it develops Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory in the context of local government to identify distinct sets of motivators and hygiene factors for city managers. Using survey data collected from city managers in Georgia, this study suggests that performance of city government and managers’ community influence are important motivators for city managers. Salary and city population are hygiene factors, whereas managers’ policy-making influence, relationship with the council, and effectiveness of council exert significant impact on both satisfaction and frustration. Implications and suggestions are provided.

The Practitioners' Perspective

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Stuart Nagel ◽  
Marian Neal
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Good Group ◽  
Government Work ◽  
Science And Government ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

This article is designed to summarize the findings of a questionnaire directed to APSA members who indicated they held government positions when they completed a form for the 1973 APSABiographical Directory. The questionnaire was designed to determine how political science has been and can be used in federal, state, and local government agencies and in administrative, legislative, and judicial positions.A. The Respondents and the QuestionsIn January, 1975, the questionnaire was mailed to the 425 APSA members who held government positions as of 1973. These persons were chosen as a good group of people to ask about the relevance of political science to government work since they are likely to be knowledgeable about both political science and government work, and are likely to be responsive to such a survey.

scholarly journals State and institutional policies on in-state resident tuition and financial aid for undocumented students: Examining constraints and opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Serna ◽  
Joshua M. Cohen ◽  
David H. K. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Undocumented Students ◽  
Dream Act ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
University System ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
State College ◽  
College Going ◽  
State Resident

In this article, we examine policies related to in-state resident tuition and state financial aid policies aimed at undocumented students. To help frame the discussion and spark further debate and research in this area the article seeks to do three things. First, it provides a comprehensive review of state and institutional in-state tuition policies aimed at undocumented students as well as state college or university system responses. Second, it charts the policy landscape for state financial aid access for this population. Third, it examines the numerous implications that such policies engender and highlights the role of the federal government and the proposed Dream Act in mitigating some of these concerns. It closes by underscoring the important financial role played by the critical interaction of state, institutional, and federal policies in making college going a reality for these students while proposing avenues for future study around the issue.

scholarly journals Niemiecka polityka zdrowia publicznego w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Widziane z perspektywy Dolnej Saksonii

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Izabela Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German States ◽  
General Rules ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
State And Local

Due to the federal system in Germany, we find different forms of organization of healthcare in each of 16 federal states. In addition to the federal law being in force in all German states, there are state laws that only apply in a given state. The federal, state and local government institutions as well as their competences, functions and tasks will be described in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. The statistical data from the federal states, particulary of the state of Lower Saxony, allow to observe the differences in the intensity of the spread of coronavirus infection cases, cures and death rate. The document “Lower Saxony everyday life in the context of Covid 19” is indicating a gradual exit from lockdown. Information about assistance measures, but also restrictions, bans and general rules as well as a reflection on social reactions, habits and moods will complete the whole picture.

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