PLAZAS AND PROCESSIONAL PATHS IN TIWANAKU TEMPLES: DIVERGENCE, CONVERGENCE, AND ENCOUNTER AT OMO M10, MOQUEGUA, PERU

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Goldstein ◽  
Matthew J. Sitek
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Liturgical Movement ◽  
New Findings ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Access Patterns ◽  
Sunken Court ◽  
The Temple

Reconstructing access patterns, in particular processional and liturgical movement in ceremonial architecture, can illuminate social processes within expansive states. Extensive excavations from 2010–2012 in the uniquely preserved Tiwanaku temple at the Omo M10 site in Moquegua, Peru (ca. AD 500–1100), shed new light on connectedness and access patterns of the temple. Extensive areal excavations confirm past interpretations of a central axial series of doorways and staircases presided over by stelae and U-shaped, altar-like structures leading from public plazas to the sunken court and a central shrine. However, new findings revealed separate lateral pathways through the structure, which suggest liturgical processions to walled patio groups that were isolated from the central axis. We posit that these small patios and their roofed chambers may have functioned as chapels for distinct groups or pluralistic cultic activities that were separate from those of the central axis. Implications for Tiwanaku social structure are studied in light of other examples of triple entryways in Tiwanaku monumental architecture, and Kolata's suggestion of “Taypi” as a structural amalgam of a center and complementary halves, with implications of mediation and bilateral complementarity between ethnicities, genders, moieties, or other pluralistic entities within Tiwanaku state and society.

Continuity and Religious Practices in Roman Britain: The Case of the Rural Religious Complex at Marcham/Frilford, Oxfordshire

Britannia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena Kamash ◽  
Chris Gosden ◽  
Gary Lock
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Temple

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the interim results of Oxford University's on-going excavations at the Roman religious complex at Marcham/Frilford, Oxfordshire. This site has been the focus of debates about continuity from the Iron Age into the Roman period since the original excavations at the temple by Bradford and Goodchild in the 1930s. New findings from the current excavations are brought to bear on this question, in particular how the Iron Age activity influenced the design and layout of the Roman complex. In addition, the paper uses preliminary analysis of the finds from the excavations to discuss the nature of religious practices and activities at the site.

ANCIENT MAYA ROYAL STRATEGIES: Creating power and identity through art

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. J. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Access Patterns

Ancient Maya monumental art was designed to enact the physical, social, and ritual hierarchy. Physically, sculpture created barriers and access patterns that altered movement through sites. Monumental architecture separated ritual participants in buildings from audiences in the plazas below. Access to monuments and portrayals on monuments in part defined social and power hierarchies. Motifs were altered to communicate various forms of power appropriate to each context and audience. Complex supernatural themes and ritual roles demonstrated hierarchical differences among the ruler and other nobles, while more simplistic representations of a powerful ruler demonstrated the separation of the ruler from commoners.

The Great Temple of Berenike: new findings of the Berenike Temple Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Martin Hense
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Back Wall ◽  
Stone Wall ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Small Test ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Temple

A reinvestigation of the so-called Serapis temple of Berenike produced proof for the existence of undisturbed archaeology around and even inside the building. Until recently it was assumed that this temple was completely excavated during the several, poorly documented, excavations of the 19th century. A small test trench against the back wall of the temple uncovered the remains of a secondary stone wall and parts of a small statue. The excavation of the northwest room resulted in the find of architectural details never published by the early excavators.

scholarly journals Religious Situation in Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s: Retrospection or Discourse of the Present?

2008 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
A.M. Kyrydon
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Church State Relations ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Church

The problem with the peculiar paradox of the sound makes some sense. First of all, it is not about identifying the processes in the sphere of church-state relations between two historically distant periods, but about studying the features of consonant processes, analyzing the causes of conflict situations or misunderstandings between the Churches in the 1920s and defining the nature of conflicts in the church environment. The realities of today's social progress of Ukraine require the maximum possible utilization of the constructive potential of the influence of religion on social processes, hence the need to understand the whole spectrum of processes directly ecclesiastical and inter-church environment with extrapolation to the state and society.

1–2 Samuel and 1 Kings

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Ellen F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
1 Kings ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Zion Theology ◽  
2 Samuel

The semihistorical dramas in 1–2 Samuel and 1 Kings reflect complex and sometimes competing perspectives on the past, woven together into a large textured statement about human character, social change, and political division. They also explore the ambiguity of God’s role in those social processes. The account of Saul’s rejection should be read on multiple levels—political, theological, and symbolic. David’s story is told with a measure of skepticism, and the account of Solomon likewise prompts a fresh appraisal of his reputation for wisdom. Yet the text points to their lasting legacy in the worship tradition and Zion theology associated with the temple and the book of Psalms. Narratives in Kings—stories of Elijah and also the anonymous man of God who confronted Jeroboam at Bethel—focus on prophets and YHWH’s word itself as primary shapers of history. The YHWH-alone movement in ninth-century Israel, associated with Elijah, bears some resemblance to the spread of indigenous African Christianity in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of the Temple of the Monkey—The Next Step Towards a Comprehensive Absolute Chronology of Pachacamac, Peru

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Peter Eeckhout ◽  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Shed Light

The ongoing Ychsma Project aims to shed light on the chronology and function of the late Prehispanic period at the well-known archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru, through extensive archaeological research. The Temple of the Monkey is a special building that has been cleared, mapped, and excavated within the general framework of the study of “pyramids with ramps,” the most common form of monumental architecture at the site. Through the application of radiocarbon measurements, it can be shown that the temple has been used for around 150 yr and therefore is quite different from other pyramids with ramps previously studied (see Michczyński et al. 2003). Details of the temple, 14C sample selection, and methodology, as well as results, are discussed in this paper. The research has allowed us to make significant advances in the current understanding of pyramids with ramps and the function of the site of Pachacamac as a whole.

The power of social structure: how we became an intelligent lineage

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Resendes de Sousa António ◽  
Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
New World ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Social

AbstractNew findings pertinent to the human lineage origin (Ardipithecus ramidus) prompt a new analysis of the extrapolation of the social behavior of our closest relatives, the great apes, into human ‘natural social behavior’. With the new findings it becomes clear that human ancestors had very divergent social arrangements from the ones we observe today in our closest genetic relatives.The social structure of chimpanzees and gorillas is characterized by male competition. Aggression and the instigation of fear are common place. The morphology of A. ramidus points in the direction of a social system characterized by female-choice instead of male–male competition. This system tends to be characterized by reduced aggression levels, leading to more stable arrangements. It is postulated here that the social stability with accompanying group cohesion propitiated by this setting is favorable to the investment in more complex behaviors, the development of innovative approaches to solve familiar problems, an increase in exploratory behavior, and eventually higher intelligence and the use of sophisticated tools and technology.The concentration of research efforts into the study of social animals with similar social systems (e.g., New World social monkeys (Callitrichidae), social canids (Canidae) and social rodents (Rodentia)) are likely to provide new insights into the understanding of what factors determined our evolution into an intelligent species capable of advanced technology.

scholarly journals Socio-pedagogical determinants of creating schoolchildren’s financial literacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Julia M. Snurnitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Pedagogical Theory ◽  
General Culture

The article discusses the socio-pedagogical determinants of the financial literacy creation, factors external to the pedagogical theory and practice in the social structure, politics, ideology, economics, traditions of the general culture of the state and society, which affect the development of new areas of pedagogical activity in the field of financial education.

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