THE ECONOMY OF SPECIALIZED CERAMIC CRAFT PRODUCTION IN THE CASAS GRANDES REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Topi ◽  
Christine S. VanPool ◽  
Kyle D. Waller ◽  
Todd L. VanPool
Keyword(s):  
Casas Grandes ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
The Relationship

Recent analyses use geometric morphometrics (GM), the quantitative study of shape and its variation, to examine aspects of the archaeological record. Our research builds on such applications to examine the organization of production by applying GM analysis to whole ceramic vessels from the Casas Grandes culture of northwest Mexico. We quantify variation in vessel shape and size and conclude that specialists made at least some of the Ramos and Babicora Polychromes, but that the other Casas Grandes ceramic types were generally made by nonspecialists. This bolsters arguments for Medio period (AD 1200 to 1450) specialized production above the household level but indicates that specialized production was limited to a subset of economically valuable goods. We further suggest some Ramos Polychrome was made by attached specialists associated with elites at Paquime, the religious center of the Medio period, whereas some Babicora Polychrome was made by independent specialists. The analysis contributes to three important anthropological topics: (1) the study of the Medio period Casas Grandes culture, and by extension the organization of production in mid-level hierarchically organized societies; (2) geometric morphometric analysis of archaeological collections; and (3) the Standardization Hypothesis and the relationship between artifact standardization and the organization of production.

A three-dimensional skull ontogeny in the bobcat (Lynx rufus) (Carnivora: Felidae): a comparison with other carnivores

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Segura
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The maturation of mammalian carnivores from a lactating juvenile to a predatory adult requires a suite of changes in both morphology and behaviour. Bobcats (Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)) are medium-sized cats with well-developed skulls to process large prey that can exceed their body mass. An integrated view of the skull ontogeny in the bobcat was developed to detect the relationship between shape, size (on the basis of three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis), and life history. Dietary changes from juvenile to adults were taken into account and compared with other carnivores. Newborns were different from the remaining age stages in the behavioral and morphological characters examined, which allows us to relate them to the terminal morphology reached during the prenatal period. All findings were related to the reinforcement of the skull and the enhancement of predatory skills in adult bobcats. The final cranial shape is reached in A2 age class, after 2 years of age, and once sexual maturity has been reached. This is a pattern not followed for the rest of carnivores previously studied, which might be related to the capacity of subduing prey that exceed them in size, a behavior not common in felids of the body size of bobcats.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Reiss ◽  
Thomas M. Grothues
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape Changes

Previously recognized color and pattern variants of adult Cichla temensis in Amazon flood pulse river environments reflect the cycling of individuals through seasonal sexual maturity and spawning. Individuals also vary in shape from blocky to fusiform. To determine if shape differences are related to patterns of fat reserve deposition and utilization, and to quantify the relationship of shape with color and pattern variation and life history status, specimens in each of four previously defined grades of color and pattern variation were compared using geometric morphometric techniques. Progressive shape changes occurred between grades independent of sex and correlated to gonosomatic index (GSI). Thin plate spline deformation visualizations indicate that the observed shape differences are related to fat deposition patterns. The seasonal timing of shape change and its link to color pattern variation, sexual maturity and local water level conditions suggests a relationship between the physiological and behavioral characteristics of C. temensis and the cyclical flood pulse pattern of its habitat.

Specialized Ground Stone Production in the Casas Grandes Region of Northern Chihuahua, Mexico

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd L. VanPool ◽  
Robert D. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
American Southwest ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Casas Grandes ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Prestige Goods ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Mimbres Valley ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Organization Of Production

Previous research has identified specialized production of prestige goods during the Medio period (A.D. 1200-1450) in the Casas Grandes region of northwestern Mexico and the American Southwest. We evaluate the organization of production of two functionally equivalent types of trough metates from Paquimé, Chihuahua, Mexico, using the standardization hypothesis, i.e., the premise that products produced by specialists have less variation than those manufactured by less-specialized producers. We find that the morphology of one of the metate types (Type 1A metates) is statistically more standardized than the other (Type 1B metates). We then compare the Paquimé metates to those manufactured by generalized producers from the Mimbres Valley region of New Mexico. We find that Mimbres through-trough metates and the Type 1B metates from Paquimé have a similar degree of morphological variation, but that the Type 1A Paquimé metates are morphologically more standardized, indicating that specialists produced them. We conclude that specialized production in the Casas Grandes region was not limited to prestige goods but was instead a fundamental organizing principle of the Medio period economic system, reflecting the presence of a well-established social hierarchy and exchange system.

scholarly journals High variation in last male sperm precedence and genital morphology in the emerald damselfly, Lestes sponsa

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Johansson ◽  
David Berger ◽  
Jacob Höglund ◽  
Yvonne Meyer-Lucht ◽  
Patrik Rödin-Mörch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Lestes Sponsa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Genital

Abstract In organisms in which individuals mate multiply, knowledge of the proportion of offspring sired by the last male to mate (P2) under field conditions is important for a thorough understanding of how sexual selection works in nature. In many insect groups, pronounced intraspecific variation in P2 is commonplace. Interestingly, however, in stark contrast to these observations, compilation of P2 data in dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) indicates that a high P2, seldom below 0.95, is a feature of this taxon. Here we used double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to generate a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with which we could determine paternity and estimate values of P2 in the offspring of 19 field-collected pairs of the emerald damselfly Lestes sponsa. We also estimated the relationship between P2 and male genital shape of 16 males using geometric morphometric analysis. P2 was variable (range = 0.0–1.0; mean = 0.5), and there was a marginally non-significant (P = 0.069) relationship between genital shape and P2, suggesting that males with a high P2 had an aedeagus with a broader tip. We suggest that the high P2-values reported in past studies in Odonata are partly due to the methods used to infer paternity. Use of SNPs to determine patterns of paternity and P2 in odonates is needed for a better appraisal of fitness in odonates, and would open many future avenues for use of odonates as models of sexual selection.

Analysis of the differences between Syntormon pallipes and S. pseudospicatus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae): morphological and molecular data

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
M.A. Chursina ◽  
I.Ya. Grichanov
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The recent catalogues of the family Dolichopodidae considered Syntormon pallipes (Fabricius, 1794) and S. pseudospicatus Strobl, 1899 as separate species. In this study, we used three approaches to estimate the significance of differences between the two species: molecular analysis (COI and 12S rRNA sequences), analysis of leg colour characters and geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape. The morphological data confirmed the absence of significant differences between S. pallipes and S. pseudospicatus found in the DNA analysis. Significant differences in the wing shape of two species have not been revealed. Hence, according to our data, there is no reason to consider S. pseudospicatus as a distinct species.

Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Joan E. Madia ◽  
Tim Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

scholarly journals Does Tenure Security Reduce Disaster Risk? A Comparative Study of the Nairobi Settlements of Kibera and Kawangware

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rónán McDermott ◽  
Pat Gibbons ◽  
Dalmas Ochieng ◽  
Charles Owuor Olungah ◽  
Desire Mpanje
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhile scholarship suggests that improving tenure security and housing significantly reduces disaster risk at the household level within urban settings, this assertion has not been adequately tested. Tenure security can be conceived as being composed of three interrelated and overlapping forms: tenure security as determined by legal systems; de facto tenure security; and tenure security as perceived by residents. This article traces the relationship between tenure security, the quality of housing, and disaster risk on the basis of a mixed methods comparative case study of the settlements of Kawangware and Kibera in Nairobi. Although the findings suggest that owner-occupancy is associated with the structural integrity of dwellings to a greater extent than tenantship, no association was found between the length of occupancy by households and the structural integrity of the dwelling. Moreover, tenantship is not found to be closely associated with fires and flooding affecting the dwelling as extant scholarship would suggest. Formal ownership is linked with greater investment and upgrading of property with significant implications for disaster risk. Our findings highlight the complex relationship between tenure security and disaster risk in urban informal settlements and provide impetus for further investigation.

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