scholarly journals ANIMALES E INCAS EN EL OESTE TINOGASTEÑO (CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Miyano ◽  
Irene Lantos ◽  
Norma Ratto ◽  
Martín Orgaz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Wild Camelids

This paper explores the diverse human practices related to the use of animals during the Inca occupation of west Tinogasta (Catamarca, Argentina). We argue that the Inca state sponsored festivities in the San Francisco site (transitional puna of Chaschuil), where wild animal meat, mainly meat and bone marrow of adult vicuñas, was shared and consumed. These wild camelids were captured during the chaku, a collective hunting regulated by social and cultural mechanisms. Llamas were used as beasts of burden in caravans transporting ceramic vessels (aríbalosandaribaloides) from the pottery production center of Batungasta to San Francisco. We postulate that thearíbalosandaribaloides, which were designed for alcoholic beverages, were lined with camelid bone marrow to make their inner walls impermeable. Lastly, we argue that bones of birds and rodents were used to and the skin of a puma (important symbolic animal for the Incas) was processed in the San Francisco site.

Risk

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pool
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Advanced Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
Medical Term ◽  
Advanced Stages

In June 1995, speaking to an audience of 250 fellow doctors and medical researchers, Steven Decks described what he hoped would be a breakthrough treatment for AIDS. The human immunodeficiency virus, which causes AIDS, attacks key components of a person’s immune system and gradually destroys the body’s ability to fight off infection. Consequently, an AIDS patient generally succumbs to what doctors call “opportunistic infections”— invasions by viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms that take advantage of the body’s weakened defenses. If some way could be found to rebuild a patient’s devastated immune system, Deeks said, it could be lifesaving news for the 100,000 or so Americans in the advanced stages of AIDS. It might even make it possible for people with AIDS to live relatively normal lives. The treatment Deeks advocated was dramatic. He proposed extracting bone marrow from a baboon, separating out a special portion of it, then injecting that bit into a patient with an advanced case of AIDS. Because bone marrow contains the special cells that produce the immune system, Deeks hoped that the bone-marrow extract would create a baboonlike immune system in the patient. And because baboons are immune to AIDS, Deeks surmised that the patient’s new immune system could survive and do the job that the old, AIDS-wracked system no longer could perform—fight off disease-causing invaders. The AIDS virus would still be present, lurking in the remnants of the patient’s own immune system, but its main threat to the patient would have been deflected. For Deeks, a San Francisco physician who treats many AIDS patients, it was a gamble that had to be taken. Deeks spoke at a conference on xenograft transplantation, the medical term for the transplant of organs or tissue from one species into another—particularly, from animals into humans. The audience, most of whom were xenotransplant researchers, generally approved of Deeks’s proposal, but there were dissenters. The most vocal was Jonathan Allan, a virologist at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio.

scholarly journals Standardization of ceramic shape: A case study from the Iron Age pottery from northeastern Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Ben Marwick
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Craft Specialization ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Landmark Analysis ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Outline Analysis

The emergence of ceramic specialization in prehistoric societies is often linked to shifts in the complexity of social structures, because standardized ceramic production can reflect craft specialization and the presence of elite control. Previous work on identifying specialization relies on typological or linear metric analysis. Here we demonstrate how to investigate ceramic standardization by analyzing outlines of ceramic vessels. Outline analysis is useful because, unlike more commonly-used landmark analysis methods, it can effectively quantify shape differences for objects that lack distinctive measurement points needed for landmark analysis. We demonstrate this method using pottery from Kiwulan, a large multi-component Iron Age site (AD 1350-1850) in northeastern Taiwan. To measure ceramic specialization, we quantified pottery standardization by analyzing shape variables with reproducible geometric morphometric methods. We computed coefficients of variation (CVs) for shape coefficients obtained by elliptical Fourier analysis to test for shape standardization. We found significant differences in pottery shape and shape standardization that indicate changes in pottery production resulting from contact with mainland Han Chinese groups in northeastern Taiwan. Our case study, which includes an openly available research compendium of R code, represents an innovative application of outline-based methods in geometric morphometry to answer the anthropological questions of craft specialization.

The Use of Animals for Fur, Food, and Raw Material at Fort St. Joseph

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance J. Martin ◽  
Joseph Hearns ◽  
Rory J. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Animal Resources

The large faunal assemblage from the Fort St. Joseph site reveals the importance of wild over domesticated animals, the importance of fur trade activities, and the importance of daily interactions with local indigenous populations. Whereas both subsistence and fur trade activities occurred at the site, our study provides detailed information on where (the habitat) and what species were procured. Faunal specimens also include examples of bone tools, ornaments, and gaming pieces that site inhabitants made or made and/or used. Attention to the spatial distribution of animal remains attempts to understand refuse disposal patterns and distinctive activity areas where animals were processed for their hides, meat, and bone marrow. The Fort St. Joseph animal exploitation pattern shows a preference for wild animal resources, which is consistent with other French colonial sites like the ones in the Upper Great Lakes and in Louisiana.

scholarly journals Nalazi slavenske keramike s lokaliteta Podvršje - Glavčine

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gusar
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Medieval Pottery ◽  
The One

The site of Podvršje-Glavčine is situated in the vicinity of Zadar and it was excavated in several archaeological campaigns from 2002 to 2007 under the leadership of A. Uglešić. During the research an early Christian complex consisting of double basilicae with ancillary rooms and a cemetery was discovered on this position. Besides architectural remains, great number of fragments of stone furniture and architectural decoration was discovered in this complex, as well as fragments of ceramic and glass vessels belonging to Late Antiquity. The entire complex was destroyed in a fire during the first half or middle of the 7th century, as indicated by archaeological finds, and the results of radiocarbon analysis. Among finds which for the most part belong to Late Antiquity, fragments of early medieval ceramic vessels of Slavic technological-typological characteristics found chiefly in the front part of the northern church are particularly interesting. There were six such vessels among which we can distinguish hand made pottery and the one made on slow-turning potter's wheel, as well as undecorated and decorated vessels. Motif of wavy lines between parallel lines is dominant on decorated examples. All vessels are represented by sherds of pots, made of purified clay tempered with calcite grains, and their colour varies depending on the firing process. On the basis of analysis pots can be dated to the second half of the 7th and the first half of the 8th century. It is worth mentioning that these vessels belong to early medieval finds from a settlement which are extremely rare in Dalmatia representing the least explored segment of early medieval pottery production. It is also important to emphasize that these vessels are the only early medieval find at this site. Despite the paucity of these vessels, they represent an exceptionally important testimony of the presence of newly arrived Slavs who used dilapidated early Christian complex at Glavčine as a temporary shelter suitable for a shorter stay.

IDENTIFYING DOMESTIC CERAMIC PRODUCTION IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS: A CASE STUDY FROM UXBENKA, BELIZE

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian M. Jordan ◽  
Keith M. Prufer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Ceramic Vessels

Utilitarian ceramic vessels form the bulk of artifact assemblages in the Maya Lowlands, but little is known about their production beyond the likelihood that they were made in a domestic context without elite involvement. Characterizing the production and distribution of these vessels is vital to understanding ancient Maya economic systems; nevertheless, this is a difficult task in the absence of primary production locales. We use spatial data, use-wear analyses on stone and ceramic tools, and analyses of finished products to identify households involved in ceramic production at three settlement groups at Uxbenka, Belize, during the Late Classic Period (A.D. 600–800). Our analyses indicate that Uxbenka potters were likely involved in some level of residential specialization focused on specific vessel forms. These data, in conjunction with ceramic data from nearby Lubaantun and Nim Li Punit, suggest that all three polities were self-sufficient in terms of utilitarian pottery production and primarily engaged in intrapolity distribution. We argue that this self-sufficiency is due to widely available resources, smaller population sizes, and the availability of high quality agricultural lands.

scholarly journals Tobolsk’s crockery at the end of the 16th–17th centuries: experience of classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Balyunov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Town ◽  
Technology Of Production

Purpose. Fragments of clay vessels are the most massive findings from the cultural layer of the town of Tobolsk. The development of classification is the main task of the research of Tobolsk’s crockery with using statistical and comparative analyzes. Results. The classification of ceramic’s crockery at the ending of the 16th –17th centuries has a most importance for studying the archaeological materials of Russian settlements in Siberia. Their volumes have already reached immense sizes, but many questions of chronology and systematization remain unresolved. For solve this problem necessary to determinate the archaeological objects of the Russian population, where standing out the complexes of findings are reliably dated by a narrow period of time. At the end of the 16th –17th centuries objects are Lozvinsky Gorodok, Mangazeya, Berezovo, Albazinsky Ostrog characterized that period. In Tobolsk, during archaeological works, was singled out a cultural layer at the ending of the 16th –17th centuries, where the most massive findings are fragments of ceramic crockery. For create a classification of this collection necessary to learn experience of studying the materials of the other objects in Siberia. The most importance is using the system of statistical registration of ceramics from the epoch of the Russian Middle Ages, developed by V. Yu. Koval. Learning of Tobolsk crockery at the ending of the 16th – 17th centuries allows to distinguish the following forms of ceramic vessels: pots (a separate category of pots with plums), wash basins, bowls, frying pans, inkwells. Possibly to designate separately single findings of small pots, cups. The systematization forms of the upper parts of the pots allows to distinguish four types, each of them is divided in two variants. The main part of the crockery are made with the use of restorative roasting, it is defined as gray-brown. Better quality dark-gray glazed dishes (represented by single samples) can be defined as imported products. Conclusion. Previously, the local pottery production was formed under the influence of handicraft traditions that had emerged in the central part of the country. Tobolsk’s crockery at the ending of the 16th –17th centuries has many similarities with ceramics was found in the territory of the other Russian settlements in Siberia. Differences are also observed in the technology of production, in the character of the processing surface of crockery and others. We can do the conclusion that for each site there is a special ceramic complex, which requires detailed learning and systematization.

Ethnoarchaeological Study of Brewing Technology in Wallaga Region of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bula Sirika Wayessa ◽  
Diane Lyons ◽  
Brian Kooyman
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Beer Fermentation ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Interior Walls

In Wallaga, local beer (farso) is one of the most common alcoholic beverages. The beverage is prepared from cereals such as sorghum, millet, maize and barley and an additive plant known as gesho (Rhamnus prinoides). The beer is fermented in a ceramic jar known as huuroo. The brewing process causes pitting in the interior walls. Because most fermentation processes cause pitting of ceramic vessels, use alteration analysis cannot specifically identify past beer brewing practice. Ethnoarchaeological research of beer fermentation in Wallaga shows that in addition to erosion of interior walls of beer jars, the beer fermentation process results in the deposition of residues on the interior walls of the vessels. This residue from beer brewing is different from residue left by other processes because it includes ingredients not incorporated into other foods. As a result, plant microresidue analysis of archaeological ceramics can help to identify past brewing practices and major ingredients of indigenous beer.

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