Uruguay and Contemporary Theories of Wage Coordination: Origins and Stabilization of Segmented Neocorporatism, 2005–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-77
Author(s):  
Sebastián Etchemendy
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wage Coordination

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to explain the rise and performance of “segmented neocorporatism” in Uruguay in light of contemporary theories of wage coordination, largely framed by the Varieties of Capitalism school and its recent critics. First it argues that the legacy of a centralized labor law framework, and a unified union movement, combined with Frente Amplio’s decisive labor empowerment from above to launch neocorporatist wage coordination in the period 2005–10. Second, it analyzes the stabilization of the coordinated model in 2013–19, in times of sluggish growth and labor tensions, evinced in the control of inflation pressures and social conflict. The article concludes that the macroeconomic combination of supply-side and Keynesian policies and the inclusion of precarious workers shaped an egalitarian version of corporatism with important challenges ahead.

scholarly journals From Varieties of Capitalism to European Growth Models: towards a critical synthesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Dimitra Tsigkou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Varieties Of Capitalism ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Comparative Capitalism ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Ontological Framework ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

The widespread belief that globalization would lead to the gradual convergence of advanced capitalist economies was challenged by the emergence of the Comparative Capitalism (CC) literature. Arguably the most influential approach within CC is the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) model which argues that differences among advanced capitalist economies not only do not fade away but may be amplified due to the disparate comparative institutional advantages that various socioeconomic models may hold. VoC, nonetheless, was soon criticized -among others- for its binary ontological framework and heuristic shortcomings by the second generation CC. Contemporary writings within the third generation CC suggest a radical break from VoC as the focus should be, it is argued, on the demand, rather than the supply, side of the economy. This article posits that while the third generation CC has shifted attention to other institutional and policy fields, emphasizing essentially macroeconomic issues vis-à-vis economic policy reform, an epistemological rapprochement between the two main strands of CC could offer a more contextualized understanding of the different proposals put forward by the member states regarding the on-going Eurozone reform effort.

scholarly journals Market Orchestrators: The Effects of Certification on Platforms and Their Complementors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Rietveld ◽  
Robert Seamans ◽  
Katia Meggiorin
Keyword(s):  
Social Performance ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Portfolio Composition ◽  
Loan Portfolios ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Supply Side Factors

We study how a multisided platform’s decision to certify a subset of its complementors affects those complementors and ultimately the platform itself. Kiva, a microfinance platform, introduced a social performance badging program in December 2011. The badging program appears to have been beneficial to Kiva—it led to more borrowers, lenders, total funding, and amount of funding per lender. To better understand the mechanisms behind this performance increase, we study how the badging program changed the bundle of products offered by Kiva’s complementors. We find that Kiva’s certification leads badged microfinance institutions to reorient their loan portfolio composition to align with the certification and that the extent of portfolio reorientation varies across microfinance institutions, depending on underlying demand- and supply-side factors. We further show that certified microfinance institutions that do align their loan portfolios enjoy stronger demand-side benefits than do certified microfinance institutions that do not align their loan portfolios. We therefore demonstrate that platforms can influence the product offerings and performance of their complementors—and, subsequently, the performance of the ecosystem overall—through careful enactment of governance strategies, a process we call “market orchestration.”

Competition and Performance in the Marketplace for Religion: A Theoretical Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Eswaran
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Opposite View ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Opposing Effects

Abstract This paper, which contributes to the literature that rigorously models religious markets, offers a theoretical framework that incorporates demand and supply sides. The model can accommodate Adam Smith’s view that competition may possibly improve on monopoly’s performance and also David Hume’s opposite view that, because the clergy have an incentive to distort the message of religion, monopoly might possibly improve on competition. Impacts on religiosity of greater diversity and of increased competition in the marketplace for religion are isolated. It is shown that while greater diversity benefits the devout (as claimed by “supply-side” theorists), increased competition dilutes spiritual standards by encouraging monetary donations at the expense of genuine piety. These opposing effects of diversity and competition help reconcile apparently contradictory empirical findings on the American religious market and also those suggesting European “exceptionalism.”

Context and Capability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Levy ◽  
Robert Cameron ◽  
Vinothan Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Soft Governance ◽  
And Performance

This chapter explores how context influences bureaucracy. Bureaucratic behaviour and performance are interpreted as endogenous, shaped by decisions of political elites as to whether to direct their efforts towards providing public services or towards more narrowly political or private purposes. The chapter distinguishes among three broad contextual differences between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape—socio-economic, political, and institutional. It identifies the causal mechanisms through which these variables exert their influence, distinguishing between demand-side and supply-side influences. In the Eastern Cape, the consequence of an initially weak context is a low-level equilibrium trap in which incentives transmitted from the political to the bureaucratic levels reinforce factionalized loyalty within multiple patronage networks. By contrast, in the Western Cape, both demand-side and supply-side contextual variables support public service provision; however, weaknesses in ‘soft governance’ limit the positive impact.

The Bargaining System and Performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1154-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANZ TRAXLER ◽  
BERNHARD KITTEL
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Hump Shape ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wage Coordination

Theoretical reasoning disagrees about what type of bargaining system performs best. The authors have tested the explanatory power of three competing hypotheses: neoliberalism, corporatism, and the hump-shape hypothesis. All of these hypotheses lack empirical support due to two main shortcomings. First, they ignore that wage restraint raises three distinct types of collective-action problems. Second, they do not consider qualitative differences among the national bargaining systems (particularly the role of the state) that do not allow analysis to construct such ordinal rankings of bargaining coordination as adopted by all previous empirical studies. Proceeding from a revised hypothesis and new measures of national bargaining systems, the authors have found a nonlinear relationship between the bargaining system and economic performance in a way that economy-wide wage coordination is superior only when the bargaining system is able to make local bargaining comply with coordination activities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document