scholarly journals A SIMPLIFIED ORDINAL ANALYSIS OF FIRST-ORDER REFLECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
TOSHIYASU ARAI
Keyword(s):  
Ordinal Analysis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Reflection

Analysis of a first‐order reflection grating with second‐harmonic generation

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Weissman ◽  
A. Hardy ◽  
E. Marom ◽  
S. R. J. Brueck
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reflection Grating ◽  
Order Reflection

The Macromolecular Structure of Collagen in Tendon Fibres of Dermatosparactic Animals

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mosler ◽  
W. Folkhard ◽  
W. Geercken ◽  
O. Helle ◽  
E. Knorzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Reflection ◽  
Tendon Collagen

Small-angle x-ray diffraction spectra of dermatosparactic tendon collagen show a decreased intensity of the first order reflection. We interprete this finding to be due to the N-terminal propeptide which fills the intermolecular gap region partially.

Laser emission based on first order reflection by novel composite polymeric gratings

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Lucchetta ◽  
F. Vita ◽  
R. Castagna ◽  
O. Francescangeli ◽  
F. Simoni
Keyword(s):  
Laser Emission ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Reflection

scholarly journals 02. Social Pathologies, Reflexive Pathologies, and the Idea of Higher-Order Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Order Reflection

This paper critically examines Christopher Zurn’s suggestion mentioned above that various social pathologies (pathologies of ideological recognition, maldistribution, invisibilization, rationality distortions, reification and institutionally forced self-realization) share the structure of being ‘second-order disorders’: that is, that they each entail ‘constitutive disconnects between first-order contents and secondorder reflexive comprehension of those contents, where those disconnects are pervasive and socially caused’ (Zurn, 2011, 345-346). The paper argues that the cases even as discussed by Zurn do not actually match that characterization, but that it would be premature to conclude that they are not thereby social pathologies, or that they do not have a structure in common. It is just that the structure is more complex than originally described, covering pervasive socially caused evils (i) in the social reality, (ii) in the first order experiences and understandings, (iii) in the second order reflection as discussed by Zurn, and also (iv) in the ‘third order’ phenomenon concerning the pre-emptive silencing or nullification of social criticism even before it takes place 

scholarly journals Scattering of interface wave by bottom undulations in the presence of thin submerged vertical wall with a gap

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
P. Dolai
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Finite Depth ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
First Order ◽  
Interface Wave ◽  
Lower Fluid ◽  
Order Reflection

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of interface wave scattering by bottom undulations in the presence of a thin submerged vertical wall with a gap is investigated. The thin vertical wall with a gap is submerged in a lower fluid of finite depth with bottom undulations and the upper fluid is of infinite height separated by a common interface. In the method of solution, we use a simplified perturbation analysis and suitable applications of Green’s integral theorem in the two fluid regions produce first-order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function describing the bottom undulations and solution of the scattering problem involving a submerged vertical wall present in the lower fluid of uniform finite depth. For sinusoidal bottom undulations, the first-order transmission coefficient vanishes identically. The corresponding first-order reflection coefficient is computed numerically by solving the zero-order reflection coefficient and a suitable application of multi-term Galerkin approximations. The numerical results of the zero-order and first-order reflection coefficients are depicted graphically against the wave number in a number of figures. An oscillatory nature is observed of first-order reflection coefficient due to multiple interactions of the incident wave with bottom undulations, the edges of the submerged wall and the interface. The first-order reflection coefficient has a peak value for some particular value of the ratio of the incident wavelength and the bottom wavelength. The presence of the upper fluid has some significant effect on the reflection coefficients.

scholarly journals Second order reflection from crystals used in soft X-ray spectroscopy

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Książek
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Second Order ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Reflection

Abstract In this note the ratio of the second to the first order reflection is determined for the KAP and PbSt crystals, for wavelengths corresponding to the Al K-line emission. The source of the radiation was a low-voltage stabilized X-ray tube. The X-rays were detected with a Bragg spectrometer equipped with a proportional counter detector. The signal measured by the proportional counter was subsequently pulse height analyzed.

Leibniz on Phenomenal Consciousness

Vivarium ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 333-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Barth
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenal Character ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Phenomenal Consciousness ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Contemporary Standard ◽  
Order Reflection

The main aim of this paper is to show that we can extract an elaborate account of phenomenal consciousness from Leibniz’s (1646-1716) writings. Against a prevalent view, which attributes a higher-order reflection account of phenomenal consciousness to Leibniz, it is argued that we should understand Leibniz as holding a first-order conception of it. In this conception, the consciousness aspect of phenomenal consciousness is explained in terms of a specific type of attention. This type of attention, in turn, is accounted for in terms of cognitive appetites aiming at knowledge about a represented object by means of initiating cognitive operations on representational content. Furthermore, against the view that Leibniz holds a reifying account, it is argued that Leibniz accepts an epistemic account of phenomenal character. According to this view, the phenomenal character of phenomenally conscious states rests on the confusing effect of imperfect acts of attention directed towards representational contents. Holding this view, Leibniz finds fruitful middle ground between contemporary standard positions like higher-order theories, representationalist conceptions, and qualia accounts of phenomenal consciousness. His position possesses resources to meet several objections these standard accounts are confronted with.

Higher order reflection principles

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Victoria Marshall R.
Keyword(s):  
Measurable Cardinal ◽  
Reflection Principle ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Weakly Compact ◽  
Class Theory ◽  
First Order ◽  
Transitive Set ◽  
Reflection Principles ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Order Reflection

In [1] and [2] there is a development of a class theory, whose axioms were formulated by Bernays and based on a reflection principle. See [3]. These axioms are formulated in first order logic with ∈:(A1)Extensionality.(A2)Class specification. Ifϕis a formula andAis not free inϕ, thenNote that “xis a set“ can be written as “∃u(x∈u)”.(A3)Subsets.Note also that “B⊆A” can be written as “∀x(x∈B→x∈A)”.(A4)Reflection principle. Ifϕ(x)is a formula, thenwhere “uis a transitive set” is the formula “∃v(u∈v) ∧ ∀x∀y(x∈y∧y∈u→x∈u)” andϕPuis the formulaϕrelativized to subsets ofu.(A5)Foundation.(A6)Choice for sets.We denote byB1the theory with axioms (A1) to (A6).The existence of weakly compact and-indescribable cardinals for everynis established inB1by the method of defining all metamathematical concepts forB1in a weaker theory of classes where the natural numbers can be defined and using the reflection principle to reflect the satisfaction relation; see [1]. There is a proof of the consistency ofB1assuming the existence of a measurable cardinal; see [4] and [5]. In [6] several set and class theories with reflection principles are developed. In them, the existence of inaccessible cardinals and some kinds of indescribable cardinals can be proved; and also there is a generalization of indescribability for higher-order languages using only class parameters.The purpose of this work is to develop higher order reflection principles, including higher order parameters, in order to obtain other large cardinals.

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