scholarly journals A SYNTACTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MORITA EQUIVALENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIMITRIS TSEMENTZIS
Keyword(s):  
Morita Equivalence ◽  
First Order ◽  
Equivalent Categories ◽  
Definitional Extension

AbstractWe characterize Morita equivalence of theories in the sense of Johnstone in terms of a new syntactic notion of a common definitional extension developed by Barrett and Halvorson for cartesian, regular, coherent, geometric and first-order theories. This provides a purely syntactic characterization of the relation between two theories that have equivalent categories of models naturally in any Grothendieck topos.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dissipative Structures for First-Order Symmetric Hyperbolic System with General Relaxation

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Yasunori Maekawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic System ◽  
Dissipative Structure ◽  
Dissipative Structures ◽  
Algebraic Characterization ◽  
Symmetric Hyperbolic System ◽  
Full Generality ◽  
Order Linear ◽  
First Order

In this paper, we study the dissipative structure of first-order linear symmetric hyperbolic system with general relaxation and provide the algebraic characterization for the uniform dissipativity up to order 1. Our result extends the classical Shizuta–Kawashima condition for the case of symmetric relaxation, with a full generality and optimality.

scholarly journals On Consensus Index of Triplex Star-Like Networks: A Graph Spectra Approach

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Da Huang ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Zhiyong Yu ◽  
Haijun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Connectivity ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Graph Spectra ◽  
Asymptotic Behaviors ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Laplacian Spectra ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Consensus Index

In this article, the consensus-related performances of the triplex multi-agent systems with star-related structures, which can be measured by the algebraic connectivity and network coherence, have been studied by the characterization of Laplacian spectra. Some notions of graph operations are introduced to construct several triplex networks with star substructures. The methods of graph spectra are applied to derive the network coherence, and some asymptotic behaviors of the indices have been derived. It is found that the operations of adhering star topologies will make the first-order coherence increase a constant value under the triplex structures as parameters tend to infinity, and the second-order coherence have some equality relations as the node related parameters tend to infinity. Finally, the consensus related indices of the triplex systems with the same number of nodes but non-isomorphic graph structures have been compared and simulated to verify the results.

scholarly journals Numerical Characterization of Cohesive and Non-Cohesive ‘Sediments’ under Different Consolidation States Using 3D DEM Triaxial Experiments

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Hadar Elyashiv ◽  
Revital Bookman ◽  
Lennart Siemann ◽  
Uri ten Brink ◽  
Katrin Huhn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Cohesive Sediments ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Numerical Characterization ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Individual Bond

The Discrete Element Method has been widely used to simulate geo-materials due to time and scale limitations met in the field and laboratories. While cohesionless geo-materials were the focus of many previous studies, the deformation of cohesive geo-materials in 3D remained poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to generate a range of numerical ‘sediments’, assess their mechanical response to stress and compare their response with laboratory tests, focusing on differences between the micro- and macro-material properties. We simulated two endmembers—clay (cohesive) and sand (cohesionless). The materials were tested in a 3D triaxial numerical setup, under different simulated burial stresses and consolidation states. Variations in particle contact or individual bond strengths generate first order influence on the stress–strain response, i.e., a different deformation style of the numerical sand or clay. Increased burial depth generates a second order influence, elevating peak shear strength. Loose and dense consolidation states generate a third order influence of the endmember level. The results replicate a range of sediment compositions, empirical behaviors and conditions. We propose a procedure to characterize sediments numerically. The numerical ‘sediments’ can be applied to simulate processes in sediments exhibiting variations in strength due to post-seismic consolidation, bioturbation or variations in sedimentation rates.

Amphibole and mica 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Kaipokok and Aillik domains, Makkovik Province, Labrador: towards a characterization of back-arc processes in the Paleoproterozoic

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Culshaw ◽  
Peter Reynolds ◽  
Gavin Sinclair ◽  
Sandra Barr
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Greenschist Facies ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Arc Magmatism ◽  
First Order ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Order Pattern

We report amphibole and mica 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Makkovik Province. Amphibole ages from metamorphic rocks decrease towards the interior of the province, indicating a first-order pattern of monotonic cooling with progressive migration of the province into a more distal back-arc location. The amphibole data, in combination with muscovite ages, reveal a second-order pattern consisting of four stages corresponding to changing spatial and temporal configurations of plutonism and deformation. (1) The western Kaipokok domain cooled through muscovite closure by 1810 Ma, long after the cessation of arc magmatism. (2) The Kaipokok Bay shear zone, bounding the Kaipokok and Aillik domains, cooled through amphibole closure during 1805–1780 Ma, synchronous with emplacement of syn-tectonic granitoid plutons. (3) Between 1740 and 1700 Ma, greenschist-facies shearing occurred along the boundary between the Kaipokok domain and Nain Province synchronous with A-type plutonism and localized shearing in the western Kaipokok domain, cooling to muscovite closure temperatures in the Kaipokok Bay shear zone, and A-type plutonism and amphibole closure or resetting in the Aillik domain. (4) In the period 1650–1640 Ma, muscovite ages, an amphibole age from a shear zone, and resetting of plutonic amphibole indicate a thermal effect coinciding in part with Labradorian plutonism in the Aillik domain. Amphibole ages from dioritic sheets in the juvenile Aillik domain suggest emplacement between 1715 and 1685 Ma. Amphibole ages constrain crystallization of small mafic plutons in the Kaipokok domain (reworked Archean foreland) to be no younger than 1670–1660 Ma. These ages are the oldest yet obtained for Labradorian plutonism in the Makkovik Province.

scholarly journals Reconstructing the Gorte and Spiaz de Navesele Landslides, NE of Lake Garda, Trentino Dolomites (Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Giacomo Ruggia ◽  
Susan Ivy-Ochs ◽  
Jordan Aaron ◽  
Olivia Steinemann ◽  
Silvana Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
Lake Garda ◽  
Limestone Bedrock ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

We applied a multi-method approach to reconstruct the Gorte rock avalanche (85–95 Mm3) located at the northeastern end of Lake Garda. The combination of field mapping, characterization of bedrock discontinuities, Dan3D-Flex runout modeling and dating of boulders with cosmogenic 36Cl supports the conclusion that the deposits stem from a single rock avalanche at 6.1 ± 0.8 ka. The Gorte event may have triggered the Spiaz de Navesele–Salto della Capra landslide (3.2 Mm3), whose deposits cover the southern end of the Gorte deposits. First-order controls on detachment were the NNE–SSW- and WNW–ESE-oriented fractures in the limestone bedrock, related to the Giudicarie and Schio-Vicenza fault systems, respectively. Dan3D-Flex runout modeling sufficiently reproduced the Gorte rock avalanche, which involved detachment and sliding of a quasi-intact block, likely along marly interbeds, followed by rapid disintegration. The frictional rheology in the source area and the turbulent frictional rheology (Voellmy) in the remaining part best replicate the observed deposit extent and thickness. Heavy precipitation that occurred at that time may have contributed to failure at Gorte. Nonetheless, its timing overlaps with the nearby (<15 km) Dosso Gardene (6630–6290 cal BP) and Marocca Principale (5.3 ± 0.9 ka) landslides, making a seismic trigger plausible.

scholarly journals MASS SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMA MEBEVERINE METABOLITES AND ITS SYNTHESIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 633-646
Author(s):  
Natalia E. MOSKALEVA ◽  
Roman M. KUZNETZOV ◽  
Pavel A. MARKIN ◽  
Svetlana A. APPOLONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Veratric Acid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Mebeverine is a musculotropic antispasmodic drug that is widely used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. As an ester of mebeverine alcohol and veratric acid, mebeverin is quickly metabolized and is practically undetectable in blood plasma. The main goal of this work was establishing the structure of the main metabolites of mebeverin in human blood plasma. The study was conducted by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF MS), metabolites of mebeverine were extracted from plasma with acetonitrile. When comparing chromatograms of blood plasma obtained before and after drug administration, four main peaks of metabolites were detected. To establish the structure of the compounds, mass spectra of the first and second order were taken. The first-order spectra were used to calculate the metabolite formula and the structure was determined from the fragmentation spectra, as well as by comparing the fragmentation spectra of mebeverine and its proposed metabolites. The proposed compounds were synthesized, and their structure was confirmed using NMR and chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four main metabolites were found in this study: desmethylmebeverine acid (DMAC), glucuronide product of DMAC (DMAC-Glu), mebeverine acid (MAC) and mebeverine alcohol (MAL). The results complement the available literature data about the veratric acid metabolism, urine, and microsomal studies. According to the data obtained, the main metabolite of mebeverine in the blood is DMAC. The concentration of MAC after mebeverine administration is almost ten times less than DMAC, the content of MAL and DMAC-Glu is insignificant, and probably does not affect the pharmacological effect of mebeverine. Therefore, the concentration of DMAC is the main parameter to be monitored in pharmacokinetics studies.

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