scholarly journals Factors Associated with Cessation Activities amongst a Multiethnic Sample of Transit Workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol B. Cunradi ◽  
Roland S. Moore ◽  
Robynn S. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Public Transit Agency ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Multiethnic Sample ◽  
Gaining Insight

Introduction: Transit workers are a blue-collar occupational group with elevated rates of smoking despite access to free or low-cost cessation services available through their health insurance as a union-negotiated employee benefit. Little is known about the influences on cessation participation in this workforce.Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors associated with past-year cessation activities amongst a multiethnic sample of transit workers.Methods: Cross-sectional tobacco surveys were completed by 935 workers at an Oakland, California, USA-based public transit agency. Data from 190 current smokers (68% African American; 46% female) were analysed. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to identify factors associated with past-year cessation activity.Results: Approximately 55% of smokers stopped smoking for one day or longer during the past year in order to quit. Nearly half reported that the most common barrier to quitting was, ‘Not mentally ready to quit because I like smoking’. Workers in the contemplation/precontemplation stage for intention to quit were less likely to have engaged in cessation activities than those in the action/preparation stage (AOR = 0.34). Frequency of coworker encouragement for quitting was positively associated with past-year cessation activities (AOR = 3.25). Frequency of insomnia symptoms was negatively associated with cessation activity participation (AOR = 0.34).Conclusions: Most transit workers who smoke made a past-year quit attempt. Gaining insight into factors associated with participation in cessation activities can aid worksite efforts to promote cessation and reduce tobacco-related disparities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of Tunga penetrans infestation among 5-14-year-olds in rural Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259411
Author(s):  
Aiggan Tamene
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Tunga Penetrans ◽  
Access To Water

Background Tunga penetrans, also known as sand flea, causes Tungiasis in humans and animals. Despite its notoriety as an entomological problem, however, the ectoparasite receives little consideration from public health professionals. It is against this background that this article aims to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with Tunga penetrans infestation among 5-14-year-olds in rural Western Ethiopia. Methods From November to December 2020, 487 children aged 5 to 14 were selected from four primary schools in a cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling. Clinical exams, Interviews with parents/guardians and observations of the housing and classroom environments were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression were used to characterize the data and identify factors associated with Tunga penetrans infestation. Result Tunga penetrans infestation (Tungiasis) was diagnosed in 138 of the 487 children examined, placing the prevalence at 28.3% (95% CI: 24.2%, 32.2%). Mud plastered walls [AOR: 5.83, % CI (3.44–9.88)], having cats in the house [AOR: 5.91, 95% CI (3.51–10.11)], not having separated sleeping quarters for animals [AOR: 4.60, 95% CI (2.69–7.86)], using self-supplied water [AOR: 6.30, 95% CI (3.33–11.93)], walking>30 minutes to school [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI (1.48–3.80)] were associated with Tungiasis. Conclusion In one way or another, several of the identified factors were linked to poverty. Improved house wall materials, fumigation of mud-plastered houses, dusting or spraying insecticides on domestic animals (such as cats), improved access to water, community education about keeping animals separated from living spaces, and hygiene promotion are all needed, with a focus on locally available, low-cost technologies that the poorest families can afford.

scholarly journals Modeling the WorldView-derived seasonal velocity evolution of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (234) ◽  
pp. 763-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. ARMSTRONG ◽  
R. S. ANDERSON ◽  
JEFFERY ALLEN ◽  
H. RAJARAM
Keyword(s):  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Hydrologic System ◽  
Glacier Velocity ◽  
Glacier Flow ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

ABSTRACTGlacier basal motion generates diurnal to multi-annual fluctuations in glacier velocity and mass flux. Understanding these fluctuations is important for prediction of future sea-level rise and for gaining insight into glacier physics and erosion. Here, we derive glacier velocity through cross-correlation of WorldView satellite imagery to document the evolution of ice surface velocity on Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, over the 2013 melt season. The summer speedup is spatially uniform over a ~12 km2 area, over which the spring velocity varies significantly. Velocity increases by 1.4-fold to tenfold across the study domain, with larger values where spring velocities are low. To investigate the cross-glacier distribution of basal motion required to explain the observed surface speedup, we employ a two-dimensional cross-sectional glacier flow model. We find the model is insensitive to the spatial distribution of basal slip because stress gradient ice coupling diffuses the surface expression of the basal velocity field. While the temporal evolution of the subglacial hydrologic system is critical for predicting a glacier's response to meltwater inputs, our work suggests that glacier and ice-sheet models do not require a detailed representation of subglacial hydrology to accurately capture the spatial pattern of glacier speedup.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Healthcare Workers' Insomnia Symptoms and Fatigue in the Fight Against COVID-19, and the Role of Organizational Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zou ◽  
Shaokun Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Jiali Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been exposed to increased risks of insomnia and fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we identify important risk factors associated with insomnia symptoms and fatigue among HCWs, and evaluate the effect of organizational support on insomnia and fatigue symptoms.Methods: This is an online cross-sectional survey of HCWs in China administered during the COVID-19 epidemic (from February 27, 2020 to March 12, 2020). We employed the AIS-8 scale for insomnia screening, and a self-reported ten-point scale to evaluate subjects' degrees of fatigue. We also designed a four-point scale to assess the degree of social support provided on an organizational level. Additionally, we conducted logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors.Results: This study included a total of 3,557 participants, 41% of which consisted of non-frontline HCWs and 59% of which was frontline HCWs. Of the non-frontline HCWs, 49% reported insomnia symptoms, and 53.8% reported a moderate to high degree of fatigue. Meanwhile, among the frontline HCWs, the percentages for insomnia and moderate to high fatigue were 63.4% and 72.2%, respectively. Additionally, frontline HCWs and HCWs employed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) had elevated risks of insomnia and fatigue. However, with increased organizational support, insomnia symptoms decreased among frontline HCWs. Also, organizational support mitigated the positive correlation between daily working hours and degree of fatigue among HCWs.Conclusion: Frontline HCWs and staff in Chinese CDCs have been at a high risk of insomnia symptoms and fatigue during the fight against COVID-19. This study provides evidence for the positive effects of organizational support in relation to insomnia and fatigue among HCWs. This sheds light on government responses to the COVID-19 epidemic for other countries.

scholarly journals Correlates of Hypertension among Persons with HIV at Livingstone Central Hospital: CHAP study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sody Mweetwa Munsaka ◽  
Annet Kirabo ◽  
Benson M. Hamooya ◽  
Musalula Sinkala ◽  
John R. Koethe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) are more likely to develop hypertension and cardiovascular disease than the HIV-negative population. The new hypertension guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) lowered the definition of hypertension from a systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140/90mmHg to ≥130/80, respectively. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in PWH using the new hypertension diagnostic criteria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited 226 antiretroviral treated PWH attending routine visits. Socio-demographic, health, and clinical data including BP readings were collected. Interviewer-structured questionnaires adapted from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPs) and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to collect data. Statistical evaluations were employed to elucidate relationships between hypertension and all response variables.Results: The prevalence of hypertension using the old and new guidelines was 16% and 42%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with increased and reduced odds for developing hypertension after adjustments in multivariate logistic regression were age, body mass index (BMI), employment status, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and table salt consumption, respectively (p<0.05 for all). Using the new AHA/ACC criteria for hypertension shifted the prevalence from 16% (old criteria) to 42%.Conclusion: The major risk factors associated with hypertension in PWH were increasing age, BMI and FBS. We recommend inclusion of FBS in routine measurements in PWH. The AHA/ACC new guidelines should be re-enforced in low-cost settings to increase the treatment of hypertension among PWH.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Lebanese adults regarding COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Kasrine Al Halabi ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Rabih Hallit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Vaccine Refusal ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Abstract Background COVID-19 was first detected in Lebanon on February 21, 2020; it reached its peak in January 2021, with a total number of 418,448 confirmed cases and 5380 deaths (until March 15, 2021). Gaining insight into factors regarding willingness or refusal for vaccination might guide our goals in raising the awareness and target efforts to increase acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and maximize the uptake. Therefore, this study aims to assess the intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Lebanese adults and the factors associated with vaccine refusal. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study during November–December 2020 among Lebanese adults from all Lebanese regions using a survey tool with closed-ended questions that included sociodemographic data and questions about vaccine hesitancy, knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear of COVID-19. We used the snowball technique to collect the data because of the COVID-19 imposed lockdown. Results Of the 579 participants, 21.4% were willing to receive the vaccine, 40.9% refused, and the remainder were unsure of their response. More vaccine hesitancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.06; 95% CI 1.03–1.09) was significantly associated with more odds of disagreeing/ strongly disagreeing on receiving the COVID-19 vaccine compared to being neutral. More vaccine hesitancy (aOR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99), female gender compared to males (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.32–0.87), and being married compared to single (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.29–0.98) were significantly associated with lower odds of agreeing/strongly agreeing on receiving the COVID-19 vaccine compared to being neutral. Conclusion Overall, our findings revealed a high percentage of people (40%) who strongly disagreed with receiving the vaccine, mainly females, married participants, and those who have a general vaccine hesitancy. Moreover, no significant association was found with knowledge, attitude, or prevention practice regarding COVID-19. Targeted efforts are necessary to increase acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine among the Lebanese population to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to validate our results and provide better insights into the underlying reasons for refusing vaccination.

scholarly journals Triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid as a low-cost solvent: A short review of synthesis, analysis and applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 00006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari ◽  
Hazeeq Azman ◽  
Latifah Karim
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

This review does not attempt to be comprehensive, but it briefly introduces triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid ([N2220][HSO4] IL), which has been regarded as a low-cost solvent. It provides guidance regarding the synthesis procedures of the IL and several routine assessments for gaining insight into the properties of the IL. The review also selects examples of applications wherein the IL has been applied. It is hoped that the review will stimulate more research utilising the [N2220][HSO4] IL across various disciplines of science and engineering.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Partograf dalam Persalinan oleh Bidan Praktik Mandiri

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Niluh Nita Silfia
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Research Criteria

Partographs are guidelines for childbirth observations that will facilitate labor assistants in first identifying emergency cases and complications for mothers and fetuses. Preliminary survey at the Sigi Community Health Sub-Center (Pustu) of the 8 Pustu midwives found two midwives (25%) to complete a complete partograph, six midwives (75%) incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the use of partographs in labor. The design of this study used observational analytic methods with a cross-sectional approach. 24 BPM survey results were obtained with 30 samples of midwives who met the research criteria and data completeness. The sampling technique was by the total population. Data analysis used logistic regression. The multivariate analysis results showed that APN training was the most influential factor in the use of partographs in labor by midwives. Statistical test results obtained a POR value of 37.7 (95% CI 12.1 - 60.2). This study suggests that midwives must have APN certificates to be valid in providing services.

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