scholarly journals Stop Smoking Service Clients’ Views Following the Introduction of Smoke-Free Legislation in England

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Lucy Hackshaw ◽  
Linda Bauld ◽  
Andy McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
Smoking Behaviours ◽  
Stop Smoking Service

This study aimed to explore smoker's perspectives of continued smoking and smoking cessation following the introduction of smoke-free legislation in England. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with smokers who were making a quit attempt with the support of stop smoking services delivered by the National Health Service. Interviews explored opinions of smoke-free legislation before it was implemented in July 2007, as well as attitudes towards the legislation, beliefs about the influence of legislation on smoking behaviours, as well as changes to public attitudes about smoking. Framework analysis highlighted five key themes: attitudes towards smoke-free legislation prior to its introduction, support for smoke-free legislation following implementation, smoke-free legislation and smoking behaviour, stigma, and returning to smoking. Overall, smokers were positive about smoke-free legislation and reported reductions in smoking and an increase in quit attempts after introduction of the legislation. Change in attitudes towards smoking and smokers were noted, which at times could transpire to stigmatisation felt by the participants. Few quitters expressed a wish to return to smoking if the legislation was reversed.

scholarly journals The Roy Castle Fag Ends Stop Smoking Service: A Successful Client-Led Approach to Smoking Cessation

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Owens ◽  
Jane Springett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Service ◽  
Cessation Rate ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
Patient Barriers ◽  
Stop Smoking Service

AbstractThe Roy Castle Fag Ends Community Stop Smoking Service (RCFE) is commissioned by three primary care trusts (PCTs) to provide the adult smoking-cessation service across Liverpool. The service is not theoretically driven but there are several principles governing RCFE, which maintain the client-led, person-centred philosophy. Unique aspects are that the service is provided by trained lay advisors with a nonmedical background and there is no waiting list — clients can self-refer by calling a helpline or walking into a meeting. At RCFE, clients control their own quit attempt as well as self-regulating attendance at meetings and discharge from the service. Relapsed clients are also welcomed back without fear of criticism or the need for an appointment. Possible reasons for the success of RCFE include the client-led methodology, the community approach that removes doctor–patient barriers that may exist, and the nature of the group meetings, which allows interaction between clients who are at different stages of the quit process. Introducing some of the RCFE principles into other stop-smoking services may help to increase the overall smoking-cessation rate in England.

scholarly journals Opinions of women from deprived communities on the NHS stop smoking service in England - person-centered perspectives.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Anjum Memon ◽  
John Barber ◽  
Emma Rumsby ◽  
Samantha Parker ◽  
Lisa Mohebati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Women Smokers ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
Care Capacity ◽  
Stop Smoking Service

Background In most European countries, women are relatively more susceptible to smoking-related diseases, find it more difficult to quit and more likely to relapse than men. With the aim to improve understanding of women’s needs from smoking cessation services, this qualitative study examines perceptions of women from deprived communities on the National Health Service Stop Smoking Service in England.Methods A qualitative study of 11 women, smokers and ex-smokers, who had used Stop Smoking Services located in disadvantaged communities in East Sussex, England. Data were collected through focus group and semi-structured interviews, and were subjected to thematic analysis.Results Women felt that services tailored to their needs would improve cessation rates. They expect smoking cessation facilitators to be non-judgemental and to offer psychological insight into addiction. However, women’s opinions differed on the importance for facilitators to be female or ex-smokers, and on the preference of group or one-to-one services, some women expressed a preference for women only groups. The women praised the continuity of care, capacity for peer support, flexibility of time and location and free cessation aids offered. Conversely, the women felt that services were poorly advertised, that access was not universally good, and that services at work place and drop-in groups would improve access for working women and women with young children.Conclusion Flexible services that are tailored towards the needs of individual smokers and better dissemination of information regarding the range of services available could facilitate greater uptake of smoking cessation services for women in deprived communities.

scholarly journals Impact of the NHS Stop Smoking Services on smoking prevalence in England: a simulation modelling evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujian Song ◽  
Tim Elwell-Sutton ◽  
Felix Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
State Transition Model ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe English National Health Service NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS), established in 2001, were the first such services in the world. An appropriate evaluation of the SSS has national and international significance. This modelling study sought to evaluate the impact of the SSS on changes in smoking prevalence in England.MethodsA discrete time state-transition model was developed to simulate changes in smoking status among the adult population in England during 2001–2016. Input parameters were based on data from national statistics, population representative surveys and published literature. The main outcome was the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence attributable to the SSS.ResultsSmoking prevalence was reduced by 10.8 % in absolute terms during 2001–2016 in England, and 15.3 % of the reduction could be attributable to the SSS. The percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence each year was on average 0.72%, and 0.11 % could be attributable to the SSS. The proportion of SSS supported quit attempts increased from 5.5 % in 2001, to as high as 18.9 % in 2011, and then reduced to 8.2 % in 2016. Quit attempts with SSS support had a higher success rate than those without SSS support (15.1% vs 11.3%). Smoking prevalence in England continued to decline after the SSS was much reduced from 2013 onwards.ConclusionsApproximately 15% of the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence during 2001–2016 in England may be attributable to the NHS SSS, although uncertainty remains regarding the actual impact of the formal smoking cessation services.

scholarly journals Impact of the NHS stop smoking services on smoking prevalence in England: a simulation modelling evaluation

2018 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujian Song ◽  
Tim Elwell-Sutton ◽  
Felix Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
State Transition Model ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe English National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSS), established in 2001, were the first such services in the world. An appropriate evaluation of the SSS has national and international significance. This modelling study sought to evaluate the impact of the SSS on changes in smoking prevalence in England.MethodsA discrete time state-transition model was developed to simulate changes in smoking status among the adult population in England during 2001–2016. Input parameters were based on data from national statistics, population representative surveys and published literature. The main outcome was the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence attributable to the SSS.ResultsSmoking prevalence was reduced by 10.8% in absolute terms during 2001–2016 in England, and 15.1% of the reduction could be attributable to the SSS. The percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence each year was on average 0.72%, and 0.11% could be attributable to the SSS. The proportion of SSS supported quit attempts increased from 5.6% in 2001, to as high as 19.3% in 2011, and then reduced to 8.4% in 2016. Quit attempts with SSS support had a higher success rate than those without SSS support (15.1%vs11.7%). Smoking prevalence in England continued to decline after the SSS was much reduced from 2013 onwards.ConclusionsApproximately 15% of the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence during 2001–2016 in England may be attributable to the NHS SSS, although uncertainty remains regarding the actual impact of the formal smoking cessation services.

scholarly journals ‘It's a bit of a grey area’: challenges faced by stop smoking practitioners when advising on e-cigarettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Dayyanah Sumodhee ◽  
Rachel Povey ◽  
Nikolas Pontikos
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Information Safety ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

AbstractIntroductionAccording to UK guidelines, stop smoking practitioners are expected to be open and supportive towards e-cigarette users. As adequate support from practitioners can be instrumental for smokers to successfully quit smoking, it is crucial to explore the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising on e-cigarette use.AimThis qualitative study explores the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising patients on e-cigarettes.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 10 stop smoking practitioners from four stop smoking services in London. Face to face interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore practitioners' experiences when advising on e-cigarettes.FindingsTwo themes were noted: practitioners' concerns and practitioner–patient interactions. Practitioners were particularly concerned regarding the lack of information, safety issues and the maintenance of addiction linked with e-cigarettes. They emphasised the difficulty of advising on a product that they cannot prescribe. Overall, practitioners expressed the lack of confidence when advising on e-cigarettes since they were often unprepared and not able to answer patients' questions on e-cigarettes.ConclusionsStop smoking practitioners' lack of confidence and limited knowledge regarding e-cigarettes emphasises the necessity for training and guidance on e-cigarettes to improve their interactions with patients on this subject. In particular, practitioners need to be provided with clear guidance on how to counsel patients about how and where to buy e-cigarettes.

scholarly journals Snus undermines quit attempts but not abstinence: a randomised clinical trial among US smokers

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Carpenter ◽  
Amy E Wahlquist ◽  
Jessica L Burris ◽  
Kevin M Gray ◽  
Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Motivation And Confidence

BackgroundObservational studies and a few clinical trials suggest that use of low nitrosamine smokeless tobacco (snus) can facilitate smoking cessation. To better understand the real-world impact of snus on smoking behaviour, a large-scale, long-term clinical trial of naturalistic snus use among smokers is needed.Study designA nationwide clinical trial compared abstinence outcomes among smokers who were randomised to receive free samples of snus versus not. Participants (N=1236) were recruited throughout the US and assessed for 1 year following a 6-week naturalistic sampling period, with high retention throughout. Primary outcomes included self-reported quit attempts, floating abstinence (any 7-day period of non-smoking) and 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6 months and 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in smoking, motivation and confidence to quit and adverse events. No tobacco industry support was provided.ResultsWithin snus group, 82% used at least once, and 16% were using regularly at end of sampling period. Compared to control participants, smokers in the snus group were less likely to make any quit attempt (RR=0.83; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.00), and any 24 h quit attempt (RR=0.77; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.95). There were no group differences on any measure of abstinence.ConclusionsProvision of snus in a naturalistic context resulted in minimal uptake, and as a whole, undermined quit attempts and did not increase smoking abstinence. Results do not support the unguided, free provision of snus among smokers not motivated to quit as a means to facilitate quit attempts.Trial registration numberNCT01509586, Results.

scholarly journals Smokers’ perspectives of tobacco dependency medications and medication adherence during a quit attempt in an urban NHS stop smoking service : a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Jane Sanders ◽  
Antje LINDENMEYER ◽  
John MARRIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Treatment Context

Abstract Background: Smoking and poor medication adherence are both associated with increased morbidity, mortality and immense costs for the healthcare system. Numerous studies have investigated the barriers and facilitators of medication adherence among patients with chronic disease. However, the factors influencing adherence to medication targeted to reduce smoking remain unexplored. In order to achieve further reduction of smoking prevalence, improvement of medication adherence is essential. Thus, this study aims to uncover and understand adult smokers’ attitudes towards adherence to medication to reduce tobacco dependence. Methods: A purposive approach was used to recruit smokers aged over 18 and motivated to quit using pharmacotherapy. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of eleven smokers who were engaged with a NHS Stop Smoking Program. Data were thematically analysed using PRIME theory . Results: Smokers were active decision makers regarding their tobacco dependence medications. Adherence was influenced by smokers’ evaluations, plans, access to support and experiential learning, highlighting the need for tailored adherence support. Conflicting views about medication were held by all participants. Side effects, fear of dependency and inability to stop cravings influenced initiation and adherence. Electronic cigarettes were viewed negatively. Adherence was influenced by their unique psycho-social contexts including deep-rooted personal rejection and, fear of medicines. These attitudes influenced smokers’ beliefs, decisions about quitting and the role and use of medications in the quitting process. Conclusions: Tobacco dependency is a unique treatment context with specific adherence issues. Lay perspectives of medications to support quit attempts differ from the medical viewpoint. Adherence to tobacco dependency regimens is a challenging goal, inhibited by many complex factors. There is a need for smoking cessation interventions to respond to individual medication beliefs and concerns to help to build a smoker’s confidence that an individual can take their tobacco dependency mediation as prescribed and maximise benefits.

scholarly journals E-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy within the UK Stop Smoking Services: the TEC RCT

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (43) ◽  
pp. 1-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Anna Phillips-Waller ◽  
Dunja Przulj ◽  
Francesca Pesola ◽  
Katie Myers Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Quit Rate ◽  
Stop Smoking Services ◽  
Cost Efficacy ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundOver the past few years, a large number of smokers in the UK have stopped smoking with the help of e-cigarettes. So far, UK Stop Smoking Services (SSSs) have been reluctant to include e-cigarettes among their treatment options because data on their efficacy compared with the licensed medications are lacking.ObjectiveThe objective was to compare the efficacy of refillable e-cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, when accompanied by weekly behavioural support.DesignA randomised controlled trial comparing e-cigarettes and NRT.SettingThree sites that provide local SSSs.ParticipantsThe participants were 886 smokers seeking help to quit smoking, aged ≥ 18 years, not pregnant or breastfeeding, with no strong preference to use or not to use NRT or e-cigarettes in their quit attempt, and currently not using NRT or e-cigarettes. A total of 886 participants were randomised but two died during the study (one in each study arm) and were not included in the analysis.InterventionsThe NRT arm (n = 446) received NRT of their choice (single or combination), provided for up to 12 weeks. The e-cigarette arm (n = 438) received an e-cigarette starter pack and were encouraged to buy addtional e-liquids and e-cigarette products of their choice. Both arms received the same standard behavioural support. Participants attended weekly sessions at their SSS and provided outcome data at 4 weeks. They were then followed up by telephone at 6 and 12 months. Participants reporting abstinence or at least 50% reduction in cigarette consumption at 12 months were invited to attend for carbon monoxide (CO) validation. Participants/researchers could not be blinded to the intervention.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was CO-validated sustained abstinence rates at 52 weeks. Participants lost to follow-up or not providing biochemical validation were included as non-abstainers. Secondary outcomes included abstinence at other time points, reduction in smoke intake, treatment adherence and ratings, elicited adverse reactions, and changes in self-reported respiratory health. A cost-efficacy analysis of the intervention was also conducted.ResultsThe 1-year quit rate was 9.9% in the NRT arm and 18.0% in the e-cigarette arm (risk ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 2.58;p < 0.001). The e-cigarette arm had significantly higher validated quit rates at all time points. Participants in the e-cigarette arm showed significantly better adherence and experienced fewer urges to smoke throughout the initial 4 weeks of their quit attempt than those in the NRT arm, and gave their allocated product more favourable ratings. They were also more likely to be still using their allocated product at 1 year (39.5% vs. 4.3%, χ2 = 161.4;p < 0.001). Participants assigned to e-cigarettes reported significantly less coughing and phlegm at 1 year than those assigned to NRT (controlling for smoking status). A detailed economic analysis confirmed that, because e-cigarettes incur lower NHS costs than NRT and generate a higher quit rate, e-cigarette use is more cost-effective.LimitationsThe results may not be generalisable to other types of smokers or settings, or to cartridge-based e-cigarettes.ConclusionsWithin the context of multisession treatment for smokers seeking help, e-cigarettes were significantly more effective than NRT. If SSSs provide e-cigarette starter packs, it is likely to boost their success rates and improve their cost-efficacy.Future workThe efficacy of e-cigarettes provided with different levels of support will show whether smokers should be encouraged to switch to vaping within support services or whether e-cigarettes can be recommended with less intensive or no support.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN60477608.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 43. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The trial was supported by the Cancer Research UK Prevention Trials Unit (grant A16893).

Tobacco retail availability and risk of relapse among smokers who make a quit attempt: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O Chaiton ◽  
Graham Mecredy ◽  
Joanna Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

IntroductionThe availability of tobacco is thought to influence smoking behaviour, but there are few longitudinal studies examining if the location and number of tobacco outlets has a prospective impact on smoking cessation.MethodsThe Ontario Tobacco Survey, a population-representative sample of Ontario adult smokers who were followed every 6 months for up to 3 years, was linked with tobacco outlet location data from the Ontario Ministry of Health. Proximity (distance), threshold (at least one outlet within 500 m) and density (number of outlets within 500 m) with respect to a smokers’ home were calculated among urban and suburban current smokers (n=2414). Quit attempts and risk of relapse were assessed using logistic regression and survival analysis, adjusted for neighbourhood effects and individual characteristics.ResultsIncreased density of tobacco outlets was associated with decreased odds of making a quit attempt (OR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.85) in high-income neighbourhoods, but not in lower income ones. There was an increased risk of relapse among those who had at least one store within 500 m (HR: 1.41 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.88). Otherwise, there was no association of proximity with quit attempts or relapse.ConclusionsThe existence of a tobacco retail outlet within walking distance from home was associated with difficulty in succeeding in a quit attempt, while the increased density of stores was associated with decreased attempts in higher income neighbourhoods. The availability of tobacco may influence tobacco use through multiple mechanisms.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of menthol cigarette bans on cessation and smoking behaviours in Canada: longitudinal findings from the Canadian arm of the 2016–2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056259
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Andrew Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of menthol cigarette bans in seven Canadian provinces between 2016 and 2018.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Canadian arm of the 2016 and 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. 1098 non-menthol and 138 menthol smokers were surveyed pre-menthol and post-menthol cigarette bans. Multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between pre-post ban changes in smoking behaviour, including differences between menthol and non-menthol smokers in quit attempts and quitting.ResultsAt follow-up, 59.1% of pre-ban menthol smokers switched to non-menthol cigarettes; 21.5% quit smoking and 19.5% still smoked menthols, primarily purchased from First Nations reserves. Menthol smokers were more likely than non-menthol smokers to make a quit attempt (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.51), and to remain quit (aOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.01). Menthol smokers did not differ significantly from non-menthol smokers in quit success (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 0.98 to 3.01); however, daily menthol smokers were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to quit (aOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.24), and daily menthol smokers who quit before the ban were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to remain quit (aOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.85).ConclusionsAlthough menthol smokers were most likely to switch to non-menthol cigarettes, the menthol ban was also significantly associated with higher rates of quit attempts and quit success among menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers, and may have helped to prevent relapse among menthol smokers who had quit smoking before the ban. Results confirm and extend evaluation of Ontario’s menthol ban across provinces covering 83% of the Canadian population.

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