scholarly journals Differences in Retrospective Perceptions of Parenting Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Jámbori ◽  
Judit Kőrössy

Abstract In the present study, the possible differences in parenting perceptions between young people socialised before the political changes in the socialist regime and those born after the regime change were explored. In Study 1 (2002) and Study 2 (2018), adolescents and young adults’ retrospective perceptions of parenting were examined. In the first study, the participants included 126 adolescents and 145 young adults, and there were 133 adolescents and 204 young adults in the second study. In both studies, the participants completed the Family Socialisation Questionnaire (Dalbert & Goch, 1997), which is employed to assess parenting practices retrospectively. Second order factor analyses on both occasions revealed that the age groups perceived parenting styles in a similar way. The similarities of the two age groups’ perceptions of parenting could be explained by employing the developmental niche theory, which is when the homeostatic functioning of the niche ensures relatively stable parenting styles, despite changing circumstances. On both occasions, young adults perceived parenting as more negative and restrictive. These results are discussed in detail.

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Jámbori Szilvia ◽  
Kőrössy Judit

Háttér és célkitűzésekA jelen tanulmány első része arra kereste a választ, hogy a szocialista rendszerben nevelkedett fiatal felnőttek és a többnyire új társadalmi, politikai rendszerben szocializálódott serdülők neveléssel kapcsolatos retrospektív észlelése visszatükrözi-e a rendszerváltozással kezdődő társadalmi és családi átalakulásokat. Részben ezekre az eredményekre támaszkodva a tanulmány második fele azt vizsgálta meg, hogy a két korosztály észlelési különbségét befolyásolja-e a fiatalok aktuális társas kapcsolata, családi helyzete.MódszerAz első vizsgálatban (2002) 271 fiatal (123 férfi és 148 nő) vett részt, míg a 2. vizsgálatba (2018) 337 főt vontunk be (149 férfi és 188 nő). Mindkét mérés alkalmával a serdülők és fiatal felnőttek a Családi Szocializáció Kérdőívet (Dalbert és Goch, 1997) töltötték ki, amely a szülői nevelési stílust a fiatalok retrospektív észlelésén keresztül méri.EredményekA két mérési időpontban a korosztályok részben hasonló dimenziókban észlelték a szülői nevelést a másodlagos faktorelemzés szerint. A fiatal felnőttek, szemben a serdülőkkel, mindkét vizsgálati időpontban korlátozóbbnak és konformitást hangsúlyozónak észlelték a családi nevelést. A két mérés során azonos konstrukcióval rendelkező nevelési faktorok összehasonlítása szerint a 2018-as vizsgálatban a serdülők kevesebb konfliktust, a felnőttek pedig gyengébb szabályorientációt, szigorúságot észleltek a szülői nevelésben, mint a korábbi mérés résztvevői.KövetkeztetésekA két korosztály hasonlóan észlelt nevelési dimenzióit részben a családi nevelés stabilitásával, a fejlődési fülke homeosztatikus működésével magyarázhatjuk (Super és Harkness, 1986), részben a család mint értékek változatlanságával. A társadalmi és politikai változás hosszabb távú következményének tekinthetjük azt, hogy a szabadabb légkörben (Robila, 2004) nevelkedő korosztályok kisebb családi konfliktust és kevesebb szabály általi kötöttséget észleltek a családi miliőben. A fiatal felnőttek konformitásról és korlátozásról szóló emlékeit leginkább a korosztály sajátos társas és családi helyzetéből adódó észlelési torzításként értelmezhetjük.Background and aimsThe first part of the present study sought to answer whether the retrospective perceptions of education of young adults raised in the socialist system and adolescents mostly socialized in the new social, political system reflect social and family transformations beginning with regime change. Based partially on these results, the aim of the second part of the study was to demonstrate how family structure and social relationships of the two age groups affect the differences in perception.Method271 young adults took part (123 men and 148 women) in the first study (2002), while in the second study (2018) there were 337 subjects (149 men and 188 women). On both occasions, subjects had to fill in the Family Socialization Questionnaire (Dalbert and Goch, 1997) that measures parenting practices retrospectively.ResultsAccording to the second-order factor analyses on both occasions both age groups perceive parenting styles similarly. Young adults perceive parenting styles as more restrictive and show a higher level of conformity compared to adolescents in both studies. Comparing the similar construction of parenting factors results proved that adolescents perceived fewer conflict and young adults saw weaker rule-orientation in the family in 2018 than those in the first study.ConsequencesThe similarities of the perceptions of parenting between the two age groups could be explained with the stability of the parenting styles and with the homeostatic mechanism of the developmental niche (Super and Harkness, 1986). The later generations living in greater freedom in social life (Robila, 2004) due to the longer consequences of social and political changes perceived fewer conflicts and restrictions in their family life. Young adults' memories of conformity and restriction could be explained as a perception bias resulting from their special social and family situation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex A. Gardner ◽  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck

Drawing from and extending rejection sensitivity (RS) theory, we tested a serial mediation pathway model, whereby perceived parenting practices were expected to be indirectly related to participants’ depressive and trait-anxious symptoms through RS, as well as emotional and behavioural responses to rejection. Participants were 628 adolescents and young adults (M= 19.8 years,SD= 2.6, 65.3% female) completing self-report measures assessing current perceived parenting practices, RS, emotion dysregulation, emotion suppression, social withdrawal, and depressive and trait-anxious symptoms. In latent-variable structural equation modelling, a latent construct of more positive (and fewer negative) perceived parenting practices was directly associated with offsprings’ lower level of depression and trait-anxiety symptoms. Also, there were indirect associations of parenting via RS, emotion dysregulation, suppression, and social withdrawal, regardless of whether the model focused on depressive or trait-anxious symptoms. The findings provide further support of the importance for adolescents and young adults to perceive that they experience warm and autonomy-supportive relationships with their parents (instead of rejecting, coercive, or psychologically controlling relationships); along with providing an extended model whereby anxious expectations of rejection associates with greater emotional difficulties through negative responses to difficult emotions and the tendency to withdraw from such experiences. Together, perceived parenting practices and rejection-related beliefs and responses seem to activate a pathway to elevated depressive and trait-anxiety symptoms.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechan Lyu ◽  
Tianzhen Chen ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Chenyi Ma ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In recent years, there have been frequent reports of gaming disorder in China, with more focus on young people. We developed and psychometrically tested a Gaming Disorder screening scale (i.e., Gaming Disorder Screening Scale - GDSS) for Chinese adolescents and young adults, based on the existing scales and diagnostic criteria, but also considering the development status of China. Methods For testing content and criterion validity, 1747 participants competed the GDSS and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). After 15 days, 400 participants were retested with the scales for to assess test-retest reliability. Besides, 200 game players were interviewed for a diagnosis of gaming disorder. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on the GDSS was 0.93. The test-retest coefficient of 0.79. Principal components analysis identified three factors accounting for 62.4% of the variance; behavior, functioning, cognition and emotion. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit to the data (χ2 /df = 5.581; RMSEA =0.074; TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.928). The overall model fit was significantly good in the measurement invariance tested across genders and different age groups. Based on the clinical interview, the screening cut-off point was determined to be ≥47 (sensitivity 41.4%, specificity 82.3%). Conclusions The GDSS demonstrated good reliability and validity aspects for screening online gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents and young adults.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Del Fiore ◽  
Irene Russo ◽  
Beatrice Ferrazzi ◽  
Alessandro Dal Monico ◽  
Francesco Cavallin ◽  
...  

The “Veneto Cancer Registry” records melanoma as the most common cancer diagnosed in males and the third common cancer in females under 50 years of age in the Veneto Region (Italy). While melanoma is rare in children, it has greater incidence in adolescents and young adults (AYA), but literature offers only few studies specifically focused on AYA melanoma. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, surgical treatment, and prognosis of a cohort of AYA melanoma in order to contribute to the investigation of this malignancy and provide better patient care. This retrospective cohort study included 2,752 Caucasian patients (702 AYA and 2,050 non-AYA patients) from the Veneto Region who were over 15 years of age at diagnosis, and who received diagnosis and/or treatment from our institutions between 1998 and 2014. Patients were divided in adolescents and youth (15-25 years), young adults (26-39 years) and adults (more than 39 years) for the analysis. We found statistically significant differences in gender, primary site, Breslow thickness, ulceration, pathologic TNM classification (pTNM) stage and tumor subtype among the age groups. Disease-specific survival and disease-free survival were also different among the age groups. Our findings suggest that the biological behavior of melanoma in young people is different to that in adults, but not such as to represent a distinct pathological entity. Additional and larger prospective studies should be performed to better evaluate potential biological and cancer-specific differences between AYAs and the adult melanoma population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Fonseca ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier ◽  
Furqan Shaikh

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare in childhood, representing only 3.5% of childhood cancers, but a common malignancy in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), accounting for 13.9% of neoplasms in adolescents between age 15 and 19 years. The overall outcomes of patients treated for GCTs are excellent. However, as seen in other cancers, outcomes for AYA patients are significantly worse. Understanding the reasons for this observation has led to different approaches to diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The Malignant Germ Cell International Consortium was created to bring together pediatric, gynecologic, and testicular cancer specialists to promote research initiatives and provide evidence-based approaches in the management of GCTs across different age groups. Collaboration between multiple subspecialties is essential to further understand the disease continuum, the underlying biologic characteristics, and the development of appropriate therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the unique characteristics of patients with extracranial GCTs in the AYA group.


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Manon Rouche ◽  
Karin De Ridder ◽  
Katia Castetbon

AbstractIntroductionThe transition from adolescence toward adulthood is a critical period regarding changes in dietary behaviours. Moreover at these ages, socio-economic and regional disparities in food group consumption are observed. The aim of our study was to determine how the nutritional quality of diet, measured by the modified Nutrient Profiling System of the British Food Standards Agency (FSAm-NPS), evolved between 2004 and 2014, according to socio-economic and regional characteristics of adolescents and young adults living in Belgium.Material and methodsTwo non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were carried out in two nationally-representative samples of 15-to-39-year-old respondents included in the Belgian Food Consumption Surveys in 2004 (n = 1,186) and 2014 (n = 952). Weighting factor (according to age, gender, day of recall, season and province) and sample design were considered. The weighted mean individual FSAm-NPS was computed from all foods and beverages consumed and converted into a scale from 0 (less favourable diet) to 100 (more favourable diet). Slope (SII) and Relative (RII) Index of Inequality were compared between 2004 and 2014 in three age groups (15–18 y, 19–25 y and 26–39 y), adjusting for gender, energy intake, and other socio-economic and regional characteristics.ResultsIn the three age groups, the weighted mean FSAm-NPS significantly increased between 2004 and 2014 (2004: 55.2 (SEM: 0.2) vs. 2014: 57.3 (0.5), p < 0.001 in 15–18-year-olds; 54.9 (0.6) vs. 58.0 (0.4), p < 0.001 in 19–25-year-olds; 56.9 (0.3) vs 58.3 (0.3), p < 0.01 in 26–39-year-olds). While a significant FSAm-NPS gradient was observed according to household education among 15–18- and 26–39-year-olds in 2004 (adjusted SII: 2.56 (95% CI: 1.08–4.04) and 2.73 (0.34–5.12), respectively; RII: 1.05 (1.02–1.08) and 1.05 (1.01–1.09)), no significant difference was found in 2014. Conversely, no significant score disparity was observed according to household type in 2004, but disparities appeared in 2014: index of inequality were significant among subjects aged 19–25 y (SII: 3.89 (0.62–7.17); RII: 1.07 (1.01–1.13)) and 26–39 y (SII: 2.74 (0.31–5.17); RII: 1.05 (1.01–1.09)), the FSAm-NPS being more favourable for those living in two-parent families. The FSAm-NPS was generally higher for subjects living in Flanders than those in Wallonia (significant SII and RII only among 26–39-year-olds), the magnitude of regional disparities remaining stable over time.DiscussionOverall FSAm-NPS improved during this 10-year period, but differentially according to family structure and household education. However, statistical power was weakened by the limited sample size. Additional investigations of changes in food group consumption disparities will complement our interpretations.


1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija-Leena Punamäki ◽  
Samir Qouta ◽  
Eyad El Sarraj

The associations between traumatic events, children’s gender and political activity, and parenting styles were examined among 108 Palestinians of 11-12 years of age. The results showed that the more the children were exposed to traumatic events, the more they perceived both their parents as strictly disciplining, rejecting, and hostile, and their mothers as more negatively evaluating. The boys perceived both their parents as treating them more negatively than the girls did. Affectionate parenting, such as intimacy and love, for its part, was not associated with traumatic events, and did not vary according to the child’s gender or political activity. The gender of the child affected the association between traumatic events, political activity, and perceived parenting. Traumatic events increased perceived parental rejection and hostility only among the boys, and perceived strict disciplining only among the girls. Although politically active children perceived both of their parents as more negative in general, in the families exposed to a high level of traumatic events, passive boys perceived their fathers as more rejecting and hostile than active boys did. It is suggested that mothers and fathers rear girls restrictively and with greater attention, and boys with rejection, when the family faces traumatic events. In exposed families, fathers also tend to discourage boys’ political passivity and apparently encourage activity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Kakkar ◽  
Ajay Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Prachi Agarwal ◽  
Jaspreet Kaur

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to analyze cancer pattern among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in a tertiary care center in North India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study from January 2011 to December 2014 was undertaken on AYA cancer patients (aged 15–39 years). Results: Totally 1077 cases of AYA cancers were identified for analyzing the frequency and pattern of cancer distribution. The most common cancer was head and neck (32%) followed by breast (14.2%). The distribution pattern was observed to be varying in different age groups with lymphoma, leukemia, bone tumors, and sarcomas in adolescents while carcinomas being more frequent in young adults. Conclusion: Cancer distribution patterns are distinct among AYA in terms of epidemiology and biology.


Author(s):  
G. Chethan Raj ◽  
Syam Sundar Junapudi

Background: The overall imbalance between unhealthy diet intake and physical activity leads to obesity which contributes to high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It is multi factorial disease and changes in the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids differ by age sex and race and are influenced by body fat and dietary patterns. These risk factors need to be monitored and evaluated in childhood and adolescents. So identifying and modifying the risk factors in early age reduces the incidence in adolescents and adult. Prevalence of hypertension varies across countries and states. The prevalence of hypertension in India is reported as ranging from 10 to 30.9%. The objective of the present study is to observe the prevalence hypertension among study population and to study contributing factors for hypertension among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study done on 100 adolescents and young adults of both sexes in the age group 17 to 25 years from 2 degree colleges randomly selected in Nizamabad city, Telangana, India.Results: In the present study population 52 were males and 48 were females, 22 students belongs to rural area and 78 belongs to urban area, pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 8% in both age groups. Overweight and obesity (>25) was found 7% in 17-19 age group and 9% in 20-25 age group. Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found among 10% of alcoholics.Conclusions: The result of our study concluded that there is increasing prevalence of hypertension with increase in age and is associated with overweight and obesity. 


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