scholarly journals New information on Titanichthys (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Cleveland Shale (Upper Devonian) of Ohio, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Boyle ◽  
Michael J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Dorsal Plate ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
New Information ◽  
Nasal Capsule

AbstractThe placoderm Titanichthys from the Late Devonian (Famennian) is based on incomplete and fragmentary specimens that have hindered understanding of its overall anatomy and phylogenetic relationships. A new, nearly complete, articulated specimen from the Upper Devonian Cleveland Shale provides new information about the previously undescribed rostral, postmarginal, postsuborbital, submarginal, posterior superognathal plates, and the nasal capsule. A revised diagnosis is provided for the genus. Three new diagnostic characters are identified, including a transversely elliptical rostral plate that does not contact adjacent plates, a reduced posterior superognathal, and a median dorsal plate that inserts into the posterior dorsal lateral plate. The first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Titanichthys indicates that the genus is a basal aspinothoracid arthrodire closely related to the enigmatic taxa Bungartius and Tafilalichthys.

A new tomistomine (Crocodylia) from the Miocene of Taiwan

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-yin Shan ◽  
Xiao-chun Wu ◽  
Yen-nien Cheng ◽  
Tamaki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Anterior Process ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Upper Miocene ◽  
Maxillary Tooth ◽  
New Form

Penghusuchus pani gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of a skeleton from the upper Miocene of Penghu Island. It is the most complete vertebrate fossil from Taiwan. Penghusuchus pani is distinguished from other tomistomines mainly in features of the skull and mandible. The most diagnostic characters for the taxon are that the prefrontal and anterior process of the jugal extend as anteriorly as the lacrimal does; the seventh maxillary tooth is the largest; the choana is sharply triangular in outline; and the floor of the nasopharyngeal canal and choanal borders strongly drop downward to form a Y-shaped prominence on the ventral surface of the pterygoids. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new form is closely related to two other Asian fossil tomistomines, Tomistoma petrolica from southeastern China and Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis from Japan. The discovery of P. pani certainly enriches our knowledge of the paleogeography and the phylogenetic relationships amongst tomistomines.

A revised reconstruction of the dermal skull roof of Acanthostega gunnari, an early tetrapod from the Late Devonian

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clack
Keyword(s):  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Nasal Bones ◽  
Skull Roof ◽  
New Information

ABSTRACTA revised reconstruction of the dermal skull roof of Acanthostega gunnari from the Upper Devonian of East Greenland is provided, incorporating modifications consequent upon further study of the specimens and in the light of new information from the Upper Devonian genus Ventastega from Latvia. The new reconstruction features a midline gap between the frontal and nasal bones and median rostrals. A revised profile for the skull and a rendition of the dermal ornament is also provided.

The advertisement call of Allobates niputidea (Anura: Aromobatidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4656 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
ANA MARÍA OSPINA-L. ◽  
DANIELA MURILLO-BEDOYA ◽  
DANIELA GARCÍA-COBOS ◽  
ZUANIA COLÓN-PIÑEIRO ◽  
ANDRÉS ACOSTA-GALVIS
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Anuran Species

In anurans, acoustic signal traits are useful for understanding patterns of evolutionary processes, behavioral interactions, and providing diagnostic characters for inferring phylogenetic relationships and delimiting species (Cocroft & Ryan 1995). The advertisement call, which is the vocalization emitted to attract females or segregate conspecific males, is the most conspicuous and studied acoustic signal (Toledo et. al. 2014). However, it remains unknown for many anuran species (Köhler et al. 2017; Guerra et al. 2018). 

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tinghao Yu ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding

More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

Phylogenetic relationships between the genera Aphidius and Lysaphidus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) with description of Aphidius iranicus sp. nov.

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Tomanović ◽  
Ehsan Rakhshani ◽  
Petr Starý ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Ljubiša Ž. Stanisavljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Generic Status

AbstractWe analyzed the phylogenetic relationships between eight Aphidius Nees and six Lysaphidus Smith species on the basis of 12 morphological characters by parsimony analysis. The consensus tree does not support the generic status of Lysaphidus. Aphidius iranicus, sp. nov., associated with Titanosiphon bellicosum Nevsky on Artemisia absinthium L. from Iran, is described. The new parasitoid species is described and illustrated by line drawings, and its diagnostic characters are discussed. The taxonomic position of the subgenus Tremblayia Tizado and Núñez-Pérez is also considered. Tremblayia and Lysaphidus are newly classified as synonyms of Aphidius. The following new or revised combinations are proposed: Aphidius adelocarinus Smith, comb. rev., A. ramythirus Smith, comb. rev., A. rosaphidis Smith, comb. rev., A. viaticus (Sedlag), comb. nov., A. arvensis (Starý), comb. nov., and A. erysimi (Starý), comb. nov.

Albumin Immunological Relationships of Australian Marsupials. 2. The Pseudocheiridae

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
J Birrell ◽  
GM Mckay
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

Microcomplement fixation of albumin was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among the ringtail possums, family Pseudocheiridae. Phylogenetic analysis of the data supports the hypothesis of at least three distinct clades within the family: one containing Petauroides and Hemibelideus; a second consisting of Pseudocheirus herbertensis, Ps. forbesi, Ps. mayeri, and Ps. canescens; and a third containing Ps. archeri, Ps. corinnae, Ps. cupreus and Ps. dahli. The data have not resolved the phylogenetic position of Ps. peregrinus, which may either form a separate clade or lie close to the Ps. archeri clade.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with description of a new species

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Maracaibo Basin ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis were completed for Dasyloricaria . The genus includes three valid species: D . filamentosa and D . latiura previously included in the genus, and a new species described herein. Dasyloricaria have a restricted trans-Andean distribution, with D . filamentosa occurring at the lower and middle Magdalena, lower Cauca, and Sinu in Colombia, and lago Maracaibo basin in Colombia and Venezuela; D . latiura in the Atrato and the Tuyra basins in Colombia and Panama, respectively; and the new species in the upper and middle Magdalena basin in Colombia. New synonyms for D . filamentosa and D . latiura are proposed, and a lectotype is designated for the latter. Dasyloricaria is herein recognized as monophyletic, with D . filamentosa as the sister group of D . latiura , and the new speciesas sister to that clade. Spatuloricaria is hypothesized to be the sister group of Dasyloricaria based on synapomorphies of the neurocranium, branchial arches and external morphology features. The subtribe Rineloricariina was partially corroborated through the phylogenetic analysis. An identification key for the species of Dasyloricaria is provided.

Reappraisal of arctostylopid mammal Kazachostylops occidentalis from the late Paleocene of Kazakhstan and phylogenetic relationships within Arctostylopida

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Averianov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Upper Paleocene

AbstractKazachostylops occidentalis Nesov, 1987b, based on partial maxilla and dentary from the upper Paleocene Zhylga locality in South Kazakhstan, is redescribed. A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Arctostylopida is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis of 26 characters and 17 taxa. Kazachostylops is recovered as a sister taxon to the Arctostylopinae, the advanced clade of Asian and North American arctostylopids characterized by pseudohypocone on upper molars and reduced trigonid of lower molars, with the ectolophid being attached labial on the trigonid. Kazachostylops differs from more basal arctostylopids (Asiostylops, Allostylops, Bothriostylops, and Wanostylops) by higher-crowned molars, M1–3 metaconule absent, m1–3 entoconid connected with ectolophid by entolophid, and m2 wider than m1 and m3. Principal component analyses of the upper and lower dentition of arctostylopids show great distinctness of Kazachostylops from other members of the group. The arctostylopid taxa are reviewed, and the new genus Enantiostylops is erected for ‘Sinostylops’ progressus Tang and Yan, 1976 from the lower Eocene of China, because of uniquely concave parastylar area on upper molars.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a46d8f29-fd73-4e59-88dc-fcc55b12d1d3

scholarly journals Two newly recorded invasive alien ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata, Ascidiacea) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis in Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3368 (1) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOOYEON PYO ◽  
TAEKJUN LEE ◽  
SOOK SHIN
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Korea Strait ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
First Time

We report five alien ascidians with some distinct features that were investigated from August 2009 to October 2011 in Korea, among which Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776) belonging to family Ascidiidae of order Phlebobranchia and Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) belonging to family Molgulidae of order Stolidobranchia are newly discovered invasive species. These ascidians were identified and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified through molecular analysis using about 680 bp of nuclear 18S rDNA and about 670 bp of mt-COI genes along with detailed morphological characteristics, and reported for the first time in Korea. It was discovered that A. aspersa was widespread three coastlines of Korea except Jeju Island, and M. manhattensis first found in Mokpo, Gunsan, and Incheon in June 2010 extended into Busan of Korea Strait in 2011.

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