Systematics and paleobiogeographic significance of the Upper Ordovician pterygometopine trilobiteAchatellaDelo, 1935

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Swisher ◽  
Stephen R. Westrop ◽  
Lisa Amati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
New Material ◽  
Migration Event

AbstractStudy of type and new material of the pterygometopineAchatellaDelo, 1935 demonstrates the presence of four species in Upper Ordovician (Katian) strata of Laurentian North America,A.achates(Billings, 1860) from the northeastern United States and the St. Lawrence lowlands of Canada,A.carleyi(Meek, 1872) from the Cincinnati region, Ohio and Kentucky,A.katharina(Bradley, 1930), from Missouri and Oklahoma, andA.clivosaLespérance and Weissenberger, 1998 from the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Perhaps as many as five additional species are present in Sandbian–Katian strata of the Laurentian terranes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, although only three of these are known well enough to code for phylogenetic analysis. The oldest pterygometopines, including species ofAchatella, are known from Middle Ordovician strata of Baltica. Phylogenetic analysis supports a single migration event from Baltica from Laurentia, followed by a modest diversification in the latter region.

Distribution of the middorsal stripe dimorphism in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, in eastern North America

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1643-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Schueler ◽  
Francis R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Maritime Canada ◽  
Eurasian Species

The frequency of the middorsally striped morph of Rana sylvatica in Ontario and Manitoba varies from absence in southern Ontario to 80% on the coast of Hudson Bay, with a general value of 20–30% in the boreal forest, a rise to 50% on the forest–grassland ecotone in southern Manitoba, and a decline westward to 20% on the edge of the prairies. This morph is rare in the northeastern United States and Maritime Canada. The suggested relationship between its frequency and the "grassiness" of the background on which predators view it is reexamined, and it is suggested that a linkage with earlier transformation as demonstrated in Eurasian species may explain certain anomalies.

Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-316
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Crane Flies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Athletic Fields ◽  
The Common ◽  
Considerable Damage

This chapter describes two invasive crane fly species which are pests of turfgrass, particularly in the northwestern and northeastern United States, as well as southern British Columbia and the metropolitan Toronto area in Canada. The European crane fly and the common or marsh crane fly, order Diptera, family Tipulidae, subfamily Tipulinae, have elongated maxillary palpi that distinguish members of this subfamily from other subfamilies. Larvae of invasive crane flies are sometimes called leatherjackets, in part because the pupae are leathery in appearance. Invasive crane flies have a relatively limited distribution in North America, but can cause considerable damage on golf courses, lawns, athletic fields, and sod farms, as well as forage fields and hayfields. The chapter also looks at the frit fly, which belongs to the family Chloropidae.

Flexible crinoids from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent and the evolution of early flexible crinoids

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Brower
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Middle Ordovician

Three flexible crinoids occur in the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota:Protaxocrinus girvanensisRamsbottom, 1961,Clidochirus anebosnew species, andProanisocrinus oswegoensis(Miller and Gurley, 1894).Protaxocrinus girvanensisis also found in the Upper Ordovician of Scotland which indicates that the ocean was narrow enough to allow at least one crinoid species to cross the barrier. The Upper Ordovician of North America and Scotland also share many common crinoid genera. Both phenetic and cladistic methods result in similar phylogenies of flexible crinoids.Protaxocrinuswas derived from a cupulocrinid ancestor during the Middle Ordovician.Clidochirusevolved fromProtaxocrinusor its ancestral stock prior to the Richmondian of the Late Ordovician. The RichmondianProanisocrinusand later anisocrinids are most closely related toClidochirusor its immediate predecessor. Thus, three major lineages of flexible crinoids,Protaxocrinus(taxocrinid group),Clidochirus(icthyocrinid), andProanisocrinus(anisocrinids and homalocrinids), appeared during the Ordovician. Despite their rarity during the Ordovician, all three flexible lineages survived the Latest Ordovician extinction, whereas their more abundant and successful cupulocrinid ancestors were eliminated.

REVIEW OF THE MYRMECOPHILOUS PTOMAPHAGUS, SUBGENUS ECHINOCOLEUS (NEW STATUS), OF NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE: CHOLEVINAE: PTOMAPHAGINI)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Peck ◽  
Pedro Gnaspini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Harvester Ants

AbstractWe here give Echinocoleus new ranking as a subgenus of Ptomaphagus. Ptomaphagus (Echinocoleus) acutus sp.nov. is described from the southeastern United States (Alabama, Georgia, Florida). It is the most plesiotypic member of a group in which all other species live in the western United States and (probably) adjacent Mexico. All are myrmecophilous with Pogonomyrmex and Aphaenogaster (= Novomessor) harvester ants. A phylogenetic analysis is given for the subgenus. The main synapomorphies of Echinocoleus, which are mostly interrelated with myrmecophily, are reduction of body length and broadening of elytra, reduction of antennal length, verticalization of mesocoxal insertion, reduction of mesosternal carina, body with a golden pubescense, and a pointed projection at the end of the spermatheca.

The Windgrasses(AperaAdans., Poaceae) in North America

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Northam ◽  
R. H. Callihan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Additional Control

Two introduced windgrass species have become crop weeds in North America. Common windgrass is a major weed of winter cereals in Europe and was first documented in North America in the early 1800s. It is a weed of roadsides and waste areas in the northeastern United States and in winter grain fields of southern Ontario and Michigan. Interrupted windgrass was first reported in North America approximately 90 yr ago; it is adapted to more arid sites than common windgrass and is distributed predominantly in the northwestern U.S.A. During the past 10 to 15 yr, interrupted windgrass has adversely affected winter grain and grass seed producers in the Pacific Northwest due to additional control costs.

Isoetes × carltaylorii (Isoetes acadiensis × Isoetes engelmannii), a new interspecific quillwort hybrid from the Chesapeake Bay

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lytton J. Musselman ◽  
Rebecca D. Bray ◽  
David A. Knepper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Tidal Freshwater ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
First Report

Isoetes acadiensis Kott is a plant of the Maritime provinces of Canada and the northeastern United States. In the Chesapeake Bay region, this quillwort has previously been misidentified as Isoetes riparia Engelm., Isoetes saccharata Engelm., or Isoetes saccharata var. reticulata A.A. Eaton. Isoetes × carltaylorii hyb.nov. is the hybrid between I. acadiensis (2n = 44) and Isoetes engelmannii A. Braun (2n = 22). This is the first report of a hybrid with I. acadiensis. An apparently sterile triploid (2n = 33), this rare plant of freshwater tidal marshes has the predicted range of sizes and megaspore features of a hybrid. This brings to 14 the number of interspecific quillwort hybrids described from North America since 1985. Key words: Isoetes saccharata var. reticulata, Isoetes riparia, Isoetes saccharata, megaspores, tidal freshwater rivers.

Distribution of an Invasive Weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs, in the Southeastern United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Wheeler ◽  
David W. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Northeastern United States

The twobanded Japanese weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs, first found in North America near Philadelphia, PA, in 1914, is better known in the northeastern United States than in the Southeast. Based on examination of specimens in 11 museums, fieldwork, and review of the literature, we document the presence of this pest of ornamental plants in Alabama (3 counties), Georgia (12), North Carolina (16), and South Carolina (19). The southeastern distribution is mapped, and locality and date are provided for the first collection in each state: North Carolina, 1955; Georgia, 1956; South Carolina, 1966; and Alabama, 1970.

Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) on Apple in Eastern North America with Notes on Other Species Occurring on Rosaceae

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stultz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA spotted tentiform leaf miner, often present during recent years in large numbers in apple orchards in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, is identified as Lithocolletis blancardella Fabr., a species common on apples in Europe. Recent collecting indicates that the species occurs widely in Eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Diagnostic characters, especially those of the male genitalia, are compared with those of specimens identified as L. crataegella Clem. and L. propinquinella Braun, two similar species which commonly occur on apple and black cherry respectively.

scholarly journals Four times out of Europe: serial invasions of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata, to North America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Andersen ◽  
Nathan Havill ◽  
Adalgisa Caccone ◽  
Joseph Elkinton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Northern Fennoscandia ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
The Impact

Reconstructing the geographic origins of invasive species is critical for establishing effective management strategies. Frequently, molecular investigations are undertaken when the source population is not known, however; these analyses are constrained both by the amount of diversity present in the native region and by changes in the genetic background of the invading population following bottlenecks and/or hybridization events. Here we explore the geographical origins of the invasive winter moth (Operopthera brumata L.) that has caused widespread defoliation to forests, orchards, and crops in four discrete regions: Nova Scotia, British Columbia, Oregon, and the northeastern United States. It is not known whether these represent independent introductions to North America, or “stepping stone” spread among regions. Using a combination of Bayesian assignment and approximate Bayesian computation methods, we analyzed a population genetic dataset of 24 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We estimate that winter moth was introduced to North America on at least four occasions, with the Nova Scotian and British Columbian populations likely being introduced from France and Sweden, respectively; the Oregonian population likely being introduced from either the British Isles or northern Fennoscandia; and the population in the northeastern United States likely being introduced from somewhere in Central Europe. To our surprise, we found that hybridization has not played a large role in the establishment of winter moth populations even though previous reports have documented widespread hybridization between winter moth and a native congener. We discuss the impact of genetic bottlenecks on analyses meant to determine region of origin.

COLEOPHORA DEAURATELLA LIENIG AND ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA, COLEOPHORIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: AN INTRODUCED, NEWLY DETECTED EUROPEAN MOTH INJURIOUS TO RED CLOVER SEEDS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
First Time

AbstractColeophora deauratella Lienig and Zeller is reported for the first time in North America. This casebearer species was introduced accidentally from Europe almost 30 years ago but remained unrecognized. It currently is known from eastern Canada and northeastern United States. Larvae feed on seeds of red clover, Trifolium pratense L. Diagnostic characters of the larval case and the adult, as well as features separating C. deauratella from two similar casebearer species, are presented.

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