scholarly journals Ground-based remote-sensing techniques for diagnosis of the current state and recent evolution of the Monte Perdido Glacier, Spanish Pyrenees

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (249) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. LÓPEZ-MORENO ◽  
E. ALONSO-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
O. MONSERRAT ◽  
L. M. DEL RÍO ◽  
J. OTERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Ground Penetrating

ABSTRACTThis work combines very detailed measurements from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), ground-based interferometry radar (GB-SAR) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to diagnose current conditions and to analyse the recent evolution of the Monte Perdido Glacier in the Spanish Pyrenees from 2011 to 2017. Thus, this is currently one of the best monitored small glacier (<0.5 km2) worldwide. The evolution of the glacier surface was surveyed with a TLS evidencing an important decline of 6.1 ± 0.3 m on average, with ice losses mainly concentrated over 3 years (2012, 2015 and 2017). Ice loss is unevenly distributed throughout the study period, with 10–15 m thinning in some areas while unchanged areas in others. GB-SAR revealed that areas with higher ice losses are those that are currently with no or very low ice motion. In contrast, sectors located beneath the areas with less ice loss are those that still exhibit noticeable ice movement (average 2–4.5 cm d─1 in summer, and annual movement of 9.98 ma─1 from ablation stakes data). GPR informed that ice thickness was generally <30 m, though locally 30–50 m. Glacier thinning is still accelerating and will lead to extinction of the glacier over the next 50 years.

scholarly journals Identificando áreas de actividad a través del uso de GPR en la costa del Soconusco

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Marx Navarro Castillo ◽  
Hector Neff
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This article is focused on the importance of remote sensing techniques for archaeological studies, specifically LiDAR, and geophysics techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR). The use of LiDAR has become popular in the last ten years and its use in forested places has been very effective despite the low visibility. In the case of GPR, it is generally used in those places where evidence of structure remains can be found. However, in the sites identified by the Project Costa del Soconusco there are no buildings with these characteristics, but their usefulness for the identification of areas of ceramic production have been decisive for the development of our study. These techniques have provided important data that has allowed us to know more about the settlements located in the eastern region of Soconusco.

scholarly journals An Epigravettian hypogeal site in the Grotta del Fiume Cave at Frasassi (northeastern Apennines, Italy): Environmental and geochronologic assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Alessandro Montanari ◽  
◽  
Artur Adamek ◽  
Angelo Curatolo ◽  
Marco Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
The One ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Archeological Site

In the late fall of 1986, a team of cavers from the Gruppo Speleologico Marchigiano of Ancona reported to the regional Archeological Superintendence their discovery in a room of the Grotta del Fiume Cave (Marche region of central Italy) of archeological finds such as the charcoal remains of a bonfire, a number of ibex bones, and four chert artifacts. However, since the discovery and archival of all this material, no further research or focused studies were carried out about this important archeological site. Therefore, we engaged in a thorough re-examination of this site by mapping this part of the Grotta del Fiume Cave with modern surveying approaches, including terrestrial laser scanner and ground penetrating radar. Moreover, we have radiocarbon dated a few ibex bones and also charcoal samples from the main fireplace and other smaller charcoal deposits we found scattered around the room’s floor. The chert artifacts were examined in detail and their typology classified accordingly. U-Th dating of calcite from speleothems helped us reconstruct this hypogeal environment at the time it was frequented by man. We also studied a puzzling deposit of speleothem crust slabs piled up in a corner of the cave, which may represent a funeral earthen mound. All in all, the absence of artifacts other than the four chert blades, the few ibex bones, the one main fireplace and three other minor charcoal deposits in the room, and the probable earthen mound located tens of meters underground from a now debris-sealed entrance, lead us to hypothesize that this cave room does not represent a residential dwelling but rather a worship place sporadically utilized by few representatives of a local Epigravettian hunter community.

scholarly journals Ice thickness distribution of all Swiss glaciers based on extended ground-penetrating radar data and glaciological modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Melchior Grab ◽  
Enrico Mattea ◽  
Andreas Bauder ◽  
Matthias Huss ◽  
Lasse Rabenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract Accurate knowledge of the ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography is essential for predicting dynamic glacier changes and the future developments of downstream hydrology, which are impacting the energy sector, tourism industry and natural hazard management. Using AIR-ETH, a new helicopter-borne ground-penetrating radar (GPR) platform, we measured the ice thickness of all large and most medium-sized glaciers in the Swiss Alps during the years 2016–20. Most of these had either never or only partially been surveyed before. With this new dataset, 251 glaciers – making up 81% of the glacierized area – are now covered by GPR surveys. For obtaining a comprehensive estimate of the overall glacier ice volume, ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography, we combined this large amount of data with two independent modeling algorithms. This resulted in new maps of the glacier bed topography with unprecedented accuracy. The total glacier volume in the Swiss Alps was determined to be 58.7 ± 2.5 km3 in the year 2016. By projecting these results based on mass-balance data, we estimated a total ice volume of 52.9 ± 2.7 km3 for the year 2020. Data and modeling results are accessible in the form of the SwissGlacierThickness-R2020 data package.

scholarly journals On the errors involved in ice-thickness estimates I: ground-penetrating radar measurement errors

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (236) ◽  
pp. 1008-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. LAPAZARAN ◽  
J. OTERO ◽  
A. MARTÍN-ESPAÑOL ◽  
F.J. NAVARRO
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Independent Components ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Thickness Error ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Volume Estimates

ABSTRACTThis is the first (Paper I) of three companion papers focused respectively, on the estimates of the errors in ice thickness retrieved from pulsed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, on how to estimate the errors at the grid points of an ice-thickness DEM, and on how the latter errors, plus the boundary delineation errors, affect the ice-volume estimates. We here present a comprehensive analysis of the various errors involved in the computation of ice thickness from pulsed GPR data, assuming they have been properly migrated. We split the ice-thickness error into independent components that can be estimated separately. We consider, among others, the effects of the errors in radio-wave velocity and timing. A novel aspect is the estimate of the error in thickness due to the uncertainty in horizontal positioning of the GPR measurements, based on the local thickness gradient. Another novel contribution is the estimate of the horizontal positioning error of the GPR measurements due to the velocity of the GPR system while profiling, and the periods of GPS refreshing and GPR triggering. Their effects are particularly important for airborne profiling. We illustrate our methodology through a case study of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard.

scholarly journals Estimation of Ice Thickness and the Features of Subglacial Media Detected by Ground Penetrating Radar at the Baishui River Glacier No. 1 in Mt. Yulong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Shijin Wang ◽  
Yuanqing He ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
Yuzhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Bedrock Surface ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we measured and estimated the ice thickness of the Baishui River Glacier No. 1 of Yulong Snow Mountain. According to the position of the reflected media from the GPR image, combined with the radar waveform amplitude and polarity change information, the ice thickness and the changing medium position at the bottom of this temperate glacier were identified. Water paths were found in the measured ice, including ice caves and crevasses. A debris-rich ice layer was found at the bottom of the glacier, which produces strong abrasion and ploughing action at the bedrock surface. This results in the formation of different detrital layers stagnated at the ice-bedrock interface and numerous crevasses on the bedrock surface. Based on the obtained ice thickness and differential GPS data, combined with Landsat images, the kriging interpolation method was used to obtain grid data. The average ice thickness was 52.48 m and between 4740 and 4890 m above sea level, with a maximum depth of 92.83 m. The bedrock topography map of this area was drawn using digital elevation model from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The central part of the glacier was characterized by small ice basins with distributed ice steps and ice ridges at the upper and lower parts.

scholarly journals Thermal structure and drainage system of a small valley glacier (Tellbreen, Svalbard), investigated by ground penetrating radar

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bælum ◽  
D. I. Benn
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Subglacial Drainage

Abstract. Proglacial icings accumulate in front of many High Arctic glaciers during the winter months, as water escapes from englacial or subglacial storage. Such icings have been interpreted as evidence for warm-based subglacial conditions, but several are now known to occur in front of cold-based glaciers. In this study, we investigate the drainage system of Tellbreen, a 3.5 km long glacier in central Spitsbergen, where a large proglacial icing develops each winter, to determine the location and geometry of storage elements. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the glacier surface and bed were constructed using maps, differential GPS and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Rates of surface lowering indicate that the glacier has a long-term mass balance of −0.6 ± 0.2 m/year. Englacial and subglacial drainage channels were mapped using GPR, showing that Tellbreen has a diverse drainage system that is capable of storing, transporting and releasing water year round. In the upper part of the glacier, drainage is mainly via supraglacial channels. These transition downglacier into shallow englacial "cut and closure" channels, formed by the incision and roof closure of supraglacial channels. Below thin ice near the terminus, these channels reach the bed and contain stored water throughout the winter months. Even though no signs of temperate ice were detected and the bed is below pressure-melting point, Tellbreen has a surface-fed, channelized subglacial drainage system, which allows significant storage and delayed discharge.

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