scholarly journals Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 in the CD36 gene is associated with orosensory perception of a fatty acid in obese and normal-weight Moroccan subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habiba Bajit ◽  
O. Ait Si Mohammed ◽  
Y. Guennoun ◽  
S. Benaich ◽  
E. Bouaiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Obese subjects have shown a preference for dietary lipids. A recent collection of evidence has proposed that a variant in the CD36 gene plays a significant role in this pathway. We assessed the association between the orosensory detection of a long-chain fatty acid, i.e. oleic acid (OA), and genetic polymorphism of the lipid taste sensor CD36 in obese and normal-weight subjects. Adult participants were recruited in the fasting condition. They were invited to fat taste perception sessions, using emulsions containing OA and according to the three-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) method. Genomic DNA was used to determine the polymorphism (SNP rs 1761667) of the CD36 gene. Obese (n 50; BMI 34⋅97 (sd 4⋅02) kg/m2) exhibited a significantly higher oral detection threshold for OA (3⋅056 (sd 3⋅53) mmol/l) than did the normal-weight (n 50; BMI 22⋅16 (sd 1⋅81) kg/m2) participants (1⋅20 (sd 3⋅23) mmol/l; P = 0⋅007). There was a positive correlation between OA detection thresholds and BMI in all subjects; evenly with body fat percentage (BF%). AA genotype was more frequent in the obese group than normal-weight group. OA detection thresholds were much higher for AA and AG genotypes in obese subjects compared with normal-weight participants. Higher oral detection thresholds for fatty acid taste are related to BMI, BF% and not always to CD36 genotype.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Lingual Application Activates Gustatory and Reward Brain Circuits in the Mouse

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Peterschmitt ◽  
Souleymane Abdoul-Azize ◽  
Babar Murtaza ◽  
Marie Barbier ◽  
Amira Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Nucleus Of Solitary Tract ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Reward Pathways

The origin of spontaneous preference for dietary lipids in humans and rodents is debated, though recent compelling evidence has shown the existence of fat taste that might be considered a sixth taste quality. We investigated the implication of gustatory and reward brain circuits, triggered by linoleic acid (LA), a long-chain fatty acid. The LA was applied onto the circumvallate papillae for 30 min in conscious C57BL/6J mice, and neuronal activation was assessed using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. By using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we also studied the expression of mRNA encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Zif-268, and Glut-1 in some brain areas of these animals. LA induced a significant increase in c-Fos expression in the nucleus of solitary tract (NST), parabrachial nucleus (PBN), and ventroposterior medialis parvocellularis (VPMPC) of the thalamus, which are the regions known to be activated by gustatory signals. LA also triggered c-Fos expression in the central amygdala and ventral tegmental area (VTA), involved in food reward, in conjunction with emotional traits. Interestingly, we noticed a high expression of BDNF, Zif-268, and Glut-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and hippocampus (Hipp), where neuronal activation leads to memory formation. Our study demonstrates that oral lipid taste perception might trigger the activation of canonical gustatory and reward pathways.

scholarly journals Bitter Taste Sensitivity Is Determined by TAS2R38 Haplotype, Associated with Saturated Fat Intake and Is Lower in Overweight and Obese Compared to Normal Weight UK adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1271-1271
Author(s):  
Leta Pilic ◽  
Catherine Anna-Marie Graham ◽  
Nisrin Hares ◽  
Megan Brown ◽  
Jonathan Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives Taste perception (sensitivity) may be determined by genetic variations in taste receptors and it affects food intake. Lower fat taste sensitivity is associated with higher dietary fat intake and body mass index (BMI). Recently, associations between bitter and fat taste sensitivity have been reported whereby bitter taste perception may be involved in textural perception of dietary fat. However, it is not clear if lower sensitivity to bitter taste would lead to an actual higher fat intake. Our objectives were to explore the associations between haplotypes in the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38, bitter taste sensitivity and fat intake and if bitter taste sensitivity is lower in individuals with higher BMI. Methods Ethical approval was obtained from the St Mary's and Oxford Brookes University Ethics Committee. Eighty-eight healthy Caucasian participants (44% male and 56% female; mean BMI 24.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and mean age 35 ± 14 years) completed this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured and genotyping performed for rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939 genetic variants in the TAS2R38. Haplotypes were determined with Haploview software. Participants rated the intensity of a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) impregnated strip on the general Labelled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) to determine bitter taste sensitivity and were classified as bitter tasters and non-tasters. Dietary fat intake was calculated from the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire and expressed as % total energy intake. Results TAS2R38 haplotypes were associated with bitter taster status (P < 0.005). PTC ratings of intensity were negatively correlated with % saturated fat (SFA) intake (rs = −0.256, P = 0.016). %SFA and %total fat (rs = 0.656, P < 0.005) and %total fat and energy intake (kcal) (rs = 0.225, P = 0.035) were positively correlated. Normal weight participants rated PTC strips as more intense compared to overweight and obese participants (mean rank 53 vs. 41, P = 0.033). Conclusions Bitter taste perception is determined by genetics and lower sensitivity to this taste is associated with higher intake of SFA. Lower bitter taste sensitivity in overweight/obese participants suggests that impaired bitter taste may be associated with an overall unhealthier and more energy dense dietary pattern. Funding Sources St Mary's and Oxford Brookes University.

scholarly journals Glucagon-like peptide-1 release and satiety after a nutrient challenge in normal-weight and obese subjects

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja C. M. Adam ◽  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Satiety Hormone ◽  
Physiological Feedback ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Standard Breakfast ◽  
Analogue Scales

The present study was conducted to assess whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release and appetite after a breakfast with or without an additional galactose/guar gum stimulation is different in normal-weight compared with overweight/obese subjects. Twenty-eight overweight/obese (BMI 30·3 (sd 2·7) kg/m2; age 44·3 (sd 9·7) years) and thirty normal-weight subjects (BMI 22·8 (sd 1·4), age 31·5 (sd12·8) years) participated in a crossover study. Fasting and postprandial plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were measured in response to either a galactose (50 g)/guar gum (2·5 g) load (836 kJ) and a standard breakfast (1·9 MJ; GG), or water (250 ml) and the standard breakfast (W) every 30 min relative to the ingestion for 120 min. Appetite was assessed using 100 mm visual analogue scales. GLP-1 concentrations were significantly increased after GG at 30 and 60 min compared with W in both groups. Plasma GLP-1 concentrations in the W condition were higher in normal-weight than overweight/obese subjects (P=0·03). No difference was observed in the GG condition between groups. Satiety was increased in normal-weight compared with overweight/obese subjects in the GG condition at 30 (P=0·02) and 60 (P=0·04) min. We conclude that after a standard breakfast with water, GLP-1 release was lower in the overweight/obese than the normal-weight subjects. However, postprandial GLP-1 release in overweight/obese subjects was no different from that of normal-weight subjects when galactose/guar gum was added to the breakfast. The latter was not mirrored by subjective feelings of satiety. Disturbed perception of the physiological feedback of a satiety hormone rather than disturbed feedback itself might contribute to obesity.

scholarly journals Serum IL-12 Is Increased in Mexican Obese Subjects and Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation and Obesity-Related Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suárez-Álvarez ◽  
L. Solís-Lozano ◽  
S. Leon-Cabrera ◽  
A. González-Chávez ◽  
G. Gómez-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Interleukin-(IL-) 12 has been recently suggested to participate during development of insulin resistance in obese mice. Nevertheless, serum IL-12 levels have not been accurately determined in overweight and obese humans. We thus studied serum concentrations of IL-12 in Mexican adult individuals, examining their relationship with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters. A total of 147 healthy individuals, 43 normal weight, 61 overweight, and 43 obese subjects participated in the study. Circulating levels of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured after overnight fasting in all of the study subjects. Waist circumference and body fat percentage were recorded for all the participants. Serum IL-12 was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in normal weight controls. Besides being strongly related with body mass index (r=0.5154), serum IL-12 exhibited a significant relationship with abdominal obesity (r=0.4481), body fat percentage (r=0.5625), serum glucose (r=0.3158), triglyceride (r=0.3714), and TNF-α(r=0.4717). Thus, serum levels of IL-12 are increased in overweight and obese individuals and show a strong relationship with markers of low-grade inflammation and obesity in the Mexican adult population. Further research is needed to understand the role of IL-12 in developing obesity-associated alterations in humans.

scholarly journals Adipose tatty acid composition and gene expression in obesity, and response to chronic marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Fisk ◽  
Rob Ayres ◽  
Caroline Childs ◽  
Elizabeth Miles ◽  
Rebecca Clarke-Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractIntroduction:Obesity is an excess of adipose tissue (AT) and is linked with increased inflammation that enhances risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The BIOCLAIMS study assessed the effect of obesity on AT fatty acid composition and gene expression, and the responses of these to chronic omega-3 FA supplementation.Materials and methods:AT biopsies were collected pre- and post-12 week supplementation with 1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA/day or corn oil. The composition of FA in the total lipid extract of AT from 37 normal-weight and 44 obese subjects was assessed by gas chromatography, whole AT transcriptome from 10 normal-weight and 10 obese subjects was assessed by RNA-Sequencing, and selected gene expression in AT of 27 normal-weight and 38 obese subjects was assessed by qRT-PCR.Results:789 AT genes were differentially expressed (623 upregulated, 175 downregulated) in obesity compared to normal-weight (FC > 2, P < 0.05). Differentially expressed genes included EGFL6, MMP-7 and -9, 5-LOX, WNT3 and WNT10B, DACT2, CNR1, SLC27A2 and PLA2G7, and were associated with immune and inflammatory response, cell proliferation, activation and movement, Wnt signalling, remodelling and expansion, and lipid incorporation and degradation.Chronic supplementation with EPA + DHA increased the concentration of AT EPA, DPA and DHA in normal-weight subjects (P < 0.01), and EPA in obese subjects (P = 0.006). EPA + DHA modulated the expression of 26 genes (14 upregulated, 12 downregulated) in normal-weight subjects and 7 genes (3 upregulated, 5 downregulated) in obese subjects (FC > 2, P < 0.05). Of note, EPA + DHA downregulated IGLV1-44, IGLV1-51, PROK2, and TREM1 in normal weight subjects (P < 0.05), and IGLV1-44, IGLV1-47, DACT2 and IDO1 obese subjects (P < 0.05). Genes of note upregulated by EPA + DHA included KCNH2, GCGR, SLC36A2 and FOXC2 in normal-weight subjects, and MAB21L1, LRRTM4, and COX-2, in obese subjects. Differentially expressed genes were associated with a decrease in complement activation and immunoglobulin secretion, negative regulation of cell proliferation, and positive regulation of remodelling, amino acid and glucose transport, and COX pathway metabolite synthesis.Discussion:These data indicate an altered AT transcription profile and gene expression in obesity suggesting enhanced immune and inflammatory response, tissue expansion and remodelling, and changes to lipid metabolism, as well as dysregulation in response to supplementary EPA + DHA at a gene expression level. EPA + DHA are able to modulate AT gene expression predominantly associated with reducing immune response, but obesity may involve resistance to the effects on tissue remodelling and nutrient transport.

scholarly journals The Role of Lipid Composition in the Sensory Attributes and Acceptability of the Salted and Dried Mullet Roes (Bottarga): A Study in Human and Animal Models

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Antonella Rosa ◽  
Raffaella Isola ◽  
Mariella Nieddu ◽  
Carla Masala
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Fatty Food

A taste component is implicated in the oro-sensory detection of dietary lipids and free fatty acids seem to be involved in fatty food recognition. Bottarga, the salted and semi-dried ovary product of mullet (Mugil spp.), is a rich-fat food. A comparative sensory assessment of different commercial bottarga samples was performed in insect and human models in relation to their lipid composition. The bottarga attractant effect to Ceratitis capitata was assessed by behavioral tests. The subjective odor and taste perception of bottarga samples was investigated in human determining the rate of pleasantness, familiarity, and intensity dimensions using the 7-points Likert-type scale. Bottarga samples showed similar lipid profiles, but differences emerged in total and free fatty acid levels. Significant differences were observed in the attractant effect/acceptability of samples to medflies, negatively correlated to their total and free fatty acids. Insect female exhibited the ability to select among bottarga samples based on their visual and olfactory properties. In the human model, a potential contribution of free fatty acid amount in the pleasantness and familiarity dimensions of taste of bottarga samples was evidenced. Women exhibited a greater ability than men to select bottarga samples based on their better olfactory perception. Our results increase the knowledge about this outstanding product with nutritional and nutraceutical properties.

scholarly journals The A allele of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) SNP 1761667 associates with decreased lipid taste perception in obese Tunisian women

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Mrizak ◽  
Omar Šerý ◽  
Jiří Plesnik ◽  
Amel Arfa ◽  
Mariem Fekih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Recent studies have suggested that excessive intake of dietary fat is associated with obesity. Some obese subjects have been reported to exhibit high thresholds for the gustatory detection of lipids via lipid receptors, such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). We studied lingual detection thresholds for emulsions containing oleic acid in obese Tunisian women (n203) using a three-alternative forced choice (3-AFC) method. Genotyping of theTNF-α(rs1800629),IL-6(rs1800795) andCD36(rs1761667) genes was performed to associate with lipid taste perception thresholds. TheCD36genotype distribution was as follows: GG (n42), AG (n102) and AA (n59). Women with theCD36GG genotype exhibited oral detection thresholds for oleic acid that were more than three times lower than those with theCD36AA genotype. The present study confirms a high threshold of gustatory fat detection in obese women with theCD36AA genotype, but there is no significant association with theIL-6andTNF-αgene polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Relationship between body fat percentage determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis and metabolic risk factors in Syrian male adolescents (18–19 years)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Al-Bachir ◽  
Mohamad Adel Bakir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract The association between increasing obesity and metabolic syndrome among adolescent and the adverse consequences in adulthood including type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease is well documented. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the major metabolic risk factors and some clinical important parameters in Syrian male adolescents (18-19 years old), and to assess the correlations between BF% determined by BIA-man prediction equation and metabolic risk factors in the same group. The correlations between body fat percentage (BF%) based on BIA-man predictive equations, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), Hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) in 1596 healthy Syrian adolescents aged 18-19 years and the mean values of these parameters were examined. Data showed that, DBP, Chol, TG, LDL and TG/HDL-C were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overweight and obese subjects in compression to normal weight cases. Whereas, SBP, FBS and Ht were significantly (p<0.05) higher in obese subjects in compression to normal weight. However, all measured variable related to metabolic syndrome risk factors increased with increasing the BF% determined by BIA-man. The present study suggests that % BF by BIA-man is a good predictor of metabolic risks factors for Syrian adolescents.

scholarly journals High Endocannabinoid Tone In LFABP -/- Mice Drives Fat Intake and Preference

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 486-486
Author(s):  
Nicholas Amado ◽  
Paul Breslin ◽  
Judith Storch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fat Taste ◽  
Control Versus

Abstract Objectives Our objective was to understand if LFABP -/- mice display a higher preference for a high fat, high palatable food over Wild-type (WT) mice and if this preference is due to alteration of oral fatty acid detection thresholds by endocannabinoids. Methods For the first experiment, 6 mice (3 WT and 3 LFABP -/-) were given access to a high-fat cake frosting (Crisco/sugar mixture) for 5 minutes and frosting intake was recorded. This was done at the same time each day and repeated 3 times. For the second experiment, we conducted a 24-hour 2 bottle preference test of a control versus stearic acid solution in 5 WT and 5 LFABP -/- mice. The 2 bottles were switched at 12 hours to minimize side-preference. Preference was defined as the percentage of intake of fatty acid solution over total intake. Results Our preliminary results showed that 1) the LFABP KO mice consumed more high-fat frosting during a brief access test and 2) the WT mice significantly preferred the control over the stearic acid solution, whereas the LFABP -/- mice showed no difference in preference between the two bottles. Conclusions These results suggest that elevated endocannabinoid tone contributes to preference for frosting, in part, by modulating oral fatty acid detection thresholds. Changes in oral detection thresholds of taste stimuli are known to affect consumption of the stimuli; the present data support this idea for ‘fat-taste’ as well. This has important implications for the overconsumption of highly palatable food in our society. Funding Sources This research was supported by NIH NIDCD R01 014286 to PASB Co-PI, USDA NJ Hatch NJ14120 to PASB and NIH NIDDK R01 38389 and USDA NJ Hatch NJ14115 to JS.

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