scholarly journals Effects of gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes on the association between red and processed meat consumption and the development of colon cancer; a literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Doaei ◽  
M. Hajiesmaeil ◽  
A. Aminifard ◽  
S. A. Mosavi-Jarrahi ◽  
M. E. Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Therapeutic Recommendations ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe role of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility in the development of colon cancer (CC) has been already proven, but the role of gene polymorphisms in modifying the risk of environmental factors such as nutritional factors is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polymorphisms of involved genes in the association between red meat consumption and the development of CC. The present review was carried out using keywords such as polymorphism and/or protein and/or red meat and/or processed meat and/or colon cancer. PubMed and Science Direct databases were used to collect all related articles published from 2001 to 2017. The presence of SNP in the coding genes of proteins involved in metabolism of nutrients could play significant roles in the extent of the effects of nutrition in the development of CC. The effect of dietary proteins greatly depends on the polymorphisms in the metabolising genes of these substances. Gene polymorphisms may have a role in colorectal cancer risk, especially in people with high meat intake, and this leads to a difference in the effects of meat consumption in different individuals. To conclude, dietary recommendations for the prevention and control of CC should be modified based on the genotype of different individuals. Increasing our knowledge on this field of nutritional genomics can lead to personalised preventive and therapeutic recommendations for CC patients.

scholarly journals Anxieties, concerns and facts about meat consumption and health: A Short Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
John Abraham ◽  
Irshad A.
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increase Risk

Meat from food animals is an important and long established dietary source of protein and essential nutrients. Many studies consistently reported that red and white meat can act as an important source of nutrients like iron, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12. However, various reports have also confirmed a positive correlation between meat consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease and colon cancer, which led to a negative perception of the role of animal protein source in health. The aim of this review is to highlight on existing literature on risks and benefits of meat consumption, focusing on anxieties, myths, concerns and accurate facts. While we investigate many such reports about the correlation between meat consumption and the risk of such diseses, we could identify several methodological limitations and inconsistencies, which may affect the validity of their research findings. There is no well-built report or study to support the recent conclusion from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) about red meat and its suspected role in colon cancer. Several cohort studies indicated the role of lean meat as positive moderator of lipid profiles as well as dietary source of anti-inflammatory long chain (LC) ω3 PUFAs and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In conclusion, moderate level of meat consumption as part of a balanced diet is unlikely to increase risk for cardiovascular disease or colorectal cancer, but may unquestionably influence nutrient bioavailability and fatty acid profiles, thereby positively lead to better health benefits. Keywords: Meat consumption, red meat, conjugated linoleic acid, meat nutrients

scholarly journals Consumption of red meat, white meat and processed meat in Irish adults in relation to dietary quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meadhbh Cosgrove ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Máiréad Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption

The aim of the present study was to examine the association of red meat, white meat and processed meat consumption in Irish adults with dietary quality. A cross-sectional study of subjects, randomly selected using the electoral register, estimated habitual food intakes using a 7 d food diary in a nationally representative sample of 662 men and 717 women (not pregnant or lactating) aged 18–64 years. Consumers were classified into thirds, based on the distribution of mean daily intakes for red meat, white meat and processed meat. The mean intakes of red meat, white meat and processed meat were 51, 33 and 26 g/d respectively, and men consumed significantly more (P<0·001) than women for all meat types. In men, red meat consumption was associated with lower (P<0·001) prevalence of inadequacy for Zn, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes. Increasing processed meat intake was associated with a lower (P<0·01) level of compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and fibre in men. Increasing processed meat consumption was associated with lower (P<0·01) wholemeal bread, vegetables, fruit and fish intakes in men and women. Managerial occupations were associated with lower processed meat intakes. It is important to distinguish between meat groups, as there was a large variation between the dietary quality in consumers of red meat, white meat and processed meat. Processed meat consumption is negatively associated with dietary quality and might therefore be a dietary indicator of poor dietary quality. This has important implications in nutritional epidemiological studies and for the development of food-based dietary guidelines.

The role of meat in the European diet: current state of knowledge on dietary recommendations, intakes and contribution to energy and nutrient intakes and status

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Cocking ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Kevin D. Cashman ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

AbstractThe role of meat in the diet has come under scrutiny recently due to an increased public emphasis on providing healthy diets from sustainable food systems and due to health concerns relating to the consumption of red and processed meat. The present review aimed to summarise dietary guidelines relating to meat, actual meat intakes and the contribution of meat to energy and nutrient intakes of children, teenagers and adults in Europe. The available literature has shown that food-based dietary guidelines for most countries recommend consuming lean meat in moderation and many recommend limiting red and processed meat consumption. Mean intakes of total meat in Europe range from 40 to 160 g/d in children and teenagers and from 75 to 233 g/d in adults. Meat contributes to important nutrients such as protein, PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and essential minerals such as Fe and Zn; however, processed meat contributes to significant proportions of saturated fat and Na across population groups. While few data are available on diaggregated intakes of red and processed meat, where data are available, mean intakes in adults are higher than the upper limits recommended by the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (70 g/d) and the World Cancer Research Fund (500 g/week). While there are no recommendations for red and processed meat consumption in children and teenagers, intakes currently range from 30 to 76 g/d. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of meat in the European diet which may be of use to stakeholders including researchers, policy makers and the agri-food sector.

scholarly journals Association between red meat consumption and colon cancer: A systematic review of experimental results

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy D Turner ◽  
Shannon K Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

A role for red and processed meat in the development of colorectal cancer has been proposed based largely on evidence from observational studies in humans, especially in those populations consuming a westernized diet. Determination of causation specifically by red or processed meat is contingent upon identification of plausible mechanisms that lead to colorectal cancer. We conducted a systematic review of the available evidence to determine the availability of plausible mechanistic data linking red and processed meat consumption to colorectal cancer risk. Forty studies using animal models or cell cultures met specified inclusion criteria, most of which were designed to examine the role of heme iron or heterocyclic amines in relation to colon carcinogenesis. Most studies used levels of meat or meat components well in excess of those found in human diets. Although many of the experiments used semi-purified diets designed to mimic the nutrient loads in current westernized diets, most did not include potential biologically active protective compounds present in whole foods. Because of these limitations in the existing literature, there is currently insufficient evidence to confirm a mechanistic link between the intake of red meat as part of a healthy dietary pattern and colorectal cancer risk. Impact statement Current recommendations to reduce colon cancer include the reduction or elimination of red or processed meats. These recommendations are based on data from epidemiological studies conducted among cultures where meat consumption is elevated and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are reduced. This review evaluated experimental data exploring the putative mechanisms whereby red or processed meats may contribute to colon cancer. Most studies used levels of meat or meat-derived compounds that were in excess of those in human diets, even in cultures where meat intake is elevated. Experiments where protective dietary compounds were used to mitigate the extreme levels of meat and meat-derived compounds showed protection against colon cancer, with some essentially negating the impact of meat in the diet. It is essential that better-designed studies be conducted that use relevant concentrations of meat or meat-derived compounds in complex diets representative of the foods consumed by humans.

Red meat consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-541
Author(s):  
Emma Derbyshire ◽  
Carrie Ruxton
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This review aims to evaluate and review literature published in the area of rising concerns that red meat consumption may be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although there have been discrepancies between study findings, and put the findings into context. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review was undertaken to locate and summarise relevant studies which included epidemiological and clinical studies published between 2004 and 2014. Findings – A total of 23 studies were found, with 21 epidemiological and two clinical studies meeting the criteria. Overall, the totality of the evidence indicates that while processed meat consumption appears to be associated with T2DM risk, the effect is much weaker for red meat, with some associations attenuated after controlling for body weight parameters. Where studies have considered high intakes in relation to T2DM risk, meat intake has tended to exceed 600 g per week. Therefore, keeping red meat intakes within recommended guidelines of no more than 500 g per week, while opting for lean cuts or trimming fat, would seem to be an evidence-based response. Research limitations/implications – The majority of studies conducted to date have been observational cohorts which cannot determine cause and effect. Most of these used food frequency questionnaires which are known to be subject to misclassification errors (Brown, 2006). Clearly, more randomised controlled trials are needed to establish whether red meat consumption impacts on markers of glucose control. Until then, conclusions can only be viewed as speculative. Originality/value – This paper provides an up-to-date systematic review of the literature, looking at inter-relationships between red meat consumption and T2DM risk.

Role of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Interactions with Environmental Factors in Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in Kashmir Valley

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor A. Malik ◽  
Rohit Upadhyay ◽  
Rama D. Mittal ◽  
Showket A. Zargar ◽  
Dinesh R. Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme

scholarly journals Processed meat: the real villain?

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Jakob Linseisen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption ◽  
Processed Red Meat

Meat is a food rich in protein, minerals such as iron and zinc as well as a variety of vitamins, in particular B vitamins. However, the content of cholesterol and saturated fat is higher than in some other food groups. Processed meat is defined as products usually made of red meat that are cured, salted or smoked (e.g. ham or bacon) in order to improve the durability of the food and/or to improve colour and taste, and often contain a high amount of minced fatty tissue (e.g. sausages). Hence, high consumption of processed foods may lead to an increased intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, salt, nitrite, haem iron, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and, depending upon the chosen food preparation method, also heterocyclic amines. Several large cohort studies have shown that a high consumption of processed (red) meat is related to increased overall and cause-specific mortality. A meta-analysis of nine cohort studies observed a higher mortality among high consumers of processed red meat (relative risk (RR) = 1·23; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·28, top v. bottom consumption category), but not unprocessed red meat (RR = 1·10; 95 % CI 0·98, 1·22). Similar associations were reported in a second meta-analysis. All studies argue that plausible mechanisms are available linking processed meat consumption and risk of chronic diseases such as CVD, diabetes mellitus or some types of cancer. However, the results of meta-analyses do show some degree of heterogeneity between studies, and it has to be taken into account that individuals with low red or processed meat consumption tend to have a healthier lifestyle in general. Hence, substantial residual confounding cannot be excluded. Information from other types of studies in man is needed to support a causal role of processed meat in the aetiology of chronic diseases, e.g. studies using the Mendelian randomisation approach.

Prognostic factors in patients with stage II colon cancer: Role of E-selectin gene polymorphisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Anthony Turpin ◽  
Julien Labreuche ◽  
Jean-François Fléjou ◽  
Thierry Andre ◽  
Aimery de Gramont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Ii Colon Cancer

scholarly journals Dietary risk factors for the development of inflammatory polyarthritis: Evidence for a role of high level of red meat consumption

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3804-3812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Pattison ◽  
Deborah P. M. Symmons ◽  
Mark Lunt ◽  
Ailsa Welch ◽  
Robert Luben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Dietary Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inflammatory Polyarthritis
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