Flow over natural or engineered surfaces: an adjoint homogenization perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bottaro
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adjoint Systems ◽  
Engineered Surfaces ◽  
Macroscopic Equations

Natural and engineered surfaces are never smooth, but irregular, rough at different scales, compliant, possibly porous, liquid impregnated or superhydrophobic. The correct numerical modelling of fluid flowing through and around them is important but poses problems. For media characterized by a periodic or quasi-periodic microstructure of characteristic dimensions smaller than the relevant scales of the flow, multiscale homogenization can be used to study the effect of the surface, avoiding the numerical resolution of small details. Here, we revisit the homogenization strategy using adjoint variables to model the interaction between a fluid in motion and regularly micro-textured, permeable or impermeable walls. The approach described allows for the easy derivation of auxiliary/adjoint systems of equations which, after averaging, yield macroscopic tensorial properties, such as permeability, elasticity, slip, transpiration, etc. When the fluid in the neighbourhood of the microstructure is in the Stokes regime, classical results are recovered. Adjoint homogenization, however, permits simple extension of the analysis to the case in which the flow displays nonlinear effects. Then, the properties extracted from the auxiliary systems take the name of effective properties and do not depend only on the geometrical details of the medium, but also on the microscopic characteristics of the fluid motion. Examples are shown to demonstrate the usefulness of adjoint homogenization to extract effective tensor properties without the need for ad hoc parameters. In particular, notable results reported herein include:(i)an original formulation to describe filtration in porous media in the presence of inertial effects;(ii)the microscopic and macroscopic equations needed to characterize flows through poroelastic media;(iii)an extended Navier’s condition to be employed at the boundary between a fluid and an impermeable rough wall, with roughness elements which can be either rigid or linearly elastic;(iv)the microscopic problems needed to define the relevant parameters for a Saffman-like condition at the interface between a fluid and a porous substrate; and(v)the macroscopic equations which hold at the dividing surface between a free-fluid region and a fluid-saturated poroelastic domain.

Adolescent with abdominal pain poorly responsive to analgesia

2020 ◽  
pp. edpract-2020-320772
Author(s):  
Neil Chanchlani ◽  
Philip Jarvis ◽  
James W Hart ◽  
Christine H McMillan ◽  
Christopher R Moudiotis
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
List Type ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Gallbladder

Case presentationA 14-year-old boy, with autism spectrum disorder, presented with a 1-day history of colicky abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting, anorexia and loose normal-coloured stool. Two days previously, he had a poorly reheated takeaway chicken.On examination, body mass index (BMI) was >99th centile. He had inconsistent epigastric, periumbilical and umbilical tenderness, and guarding, with normal bowel sounds. Observations were within normal limits, but his pain was poorly responsive to paracetamol, ibuprofen, hyoscine butylbromide, codeine and morphine.Investigations are in table 1. On day 3, his temperature increased to 38.5° and a CT scan was performed, which showed concerning features (figure 1).Table 1Serology and further investigations throughout admissionDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Serology White cell count (3.8–10.6×109/L)7.514.615.713.6 Neutrophils (1.8–8.0×109/L)5.312.312.85.3 C reactive protein (<5 mg/L)12010398 Bilirubin (0–21 μmol/L)812Further investigations Urine dipstickNegative UltrasoundSmall volume of free fluid, normal gallbladder, pancreas and appendix not visualisedFigure 1CT scan of the abdomen (A) and pelvis (B).QuestionsWhat is the diagnosis?Appendicitis.Pancreatitis.Cholecystitis.Gastroenteritis.Which serology would have been most helpful at presentation?Renal function.Coagulation.Amylase and lipase.Gamma glutamyltransferase.What are the acute treatment principles?What is the the most common cause?Idiopathic.Gallstones.Medications.Genetic.Answers can be found on page 2.

A case control study: Testing a new technique of rehabilitation in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders using fiction films

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1357-1357
Author(s):  
I. Garcia del Castillo ◽  
L. Caballero Martinez ◽  
M. Magariños ◽  
M.J. Martin Calvo ◽  
C. Pelaez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionFiction films offer unexplored support for rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses. Schizophrenia produces deficits and distortions in perception and understanding of reality, also expressed in the perception and comprehension of films. After two years of experience “ad hoc” we have designed an experimental case-control study in order to study the effectiveness of the proposed technique compared with conventional “cinema-forum”Methodology20 patients treated at the Psychiatric Day Hospital in Puerta de Hierro Hospital (Majadahonda) will participate in the study. Initially, the researcher will collect information on socio-demographic and clinical data of all participants, as well as a written informed consent. There will be an initial assessment using the following instruments:-SCID-PANSS-SCIP (schizophrenia cognitive screening)-Scale GEOPTE (social cognition in schizophrenia)-Social Functioning Scale (SOFAS, PSP)-Scale of disease awareness-IPDE (TP)-Hamilton Scale (anxiety-depression)The material used will be the 12 chapters of the first season of TV series “The Sopranos” by David Chase (2004). Specific techniques of cognitive and affective work are compared against a “cinema-forum”. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed technique, it will be used a measurement tool designed specifically for the activity, which includes:1.60 item-Scale, specific on each chapter, evaluating:-Attention-Concentration-Memory-Comprehension of the main plot-Comprehension of subplots-Dialogues-Other-Self-identification of deficiencies or errors2. Heteroapplied analogical scales3. Semi-structured qualitative interview

scholarly journals Real-time detection of PRT1-mediated ubiquitination via fluorescently labeled substrate probes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin C. Mot ◽  
Erik Prell ◽  
Maria Klecker ◽  
Christin Naumann ◽  
Frederik Faden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
List Type ◽  
Reaction Optimization ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Short Time

SUMMARYThe N-end rule pathway has emerged as a major system for regulating protein functions by controlling their turn-over in medical, animal and plant sciences as well as agriculture. Although novel functions and enzymes of the pathway were discovered, ubiquitination mechanism and substrate specificity of N-end rule pathway E3 Ubiquitin ligases remained elusive. Taking the first discovered bona fide plant N-end rule E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS1 (PRT1) as a model, we use a novel tool to molecularly characterize polyubiquitination live, in real-time.We gained mechanistic insights in PRT1 substrate preference and activation by monitoring live ubiquitination by using a fluorescent chemical probe coupled to artificial substrate reporters. Ubiquitination was measured by rapid in-gel fluorescence scanning as well as in real time by fluorescence polarization.Enzymatic activity, substrate specificity, mechanisms and reaction optimization of PRT1-mediated ubiquitination were investigated ad hoc in short time and with significantly reduced reagent consumption.We demonstrated for the first time that PRT1 is indeed an E3 ligase, which was hypothesized for over two decades. These results demonstrate that PRT1 has the potential to be involved in polyubiquitination of various substrates and therefore pave the way to understanding recently discovered phenotypes of prt1 mutants.

Numerical Analysis of Surface Oscillation of a Levitated Droplet Using Particle Method

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Dupac ◽  
David G. Beale
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Weight Functions ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Position Change ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Mps Method ◽  
Levitated Droplet

In this paper, the effect of the surface oscillations of a levitated droplet subject to electromagnetic and external forces, and modeled as a 3D mesh-free fluid particles system, is considered. The droplet was analyzed in a force field, which was derived from the magnetic field produced by the coil. The electromagnetic force was continuously updated with the shape and position change. To describe the fluid motion, the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method. A numerical model based on MPS method was developed, the equations of motion were solved, the free surface of the droplet was approximated, the interface reconstructed and the oscillations frequency spectra analyzed. Two weight functions are considered and their performance compared in order to to improve the stability of MPS method.

ON THE WEAKLY NONLINEAR KELVIN–HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY OF TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITIES IN MHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 691-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN K. HUNTER ◽  
J. B. THOO
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Equation ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Tangential Discontinuity ◽  
Helmholtz Instability ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
Tangential Discontinuities ◽  
Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics

We derive a quadratically nonlinear equation that describes the motion of a tangential discontinuity in incompressible magnetohydrodynamics near the onset of a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We show that nonlinear effects enhance the instability and give a criterion for it to occur in terms of a longitudinal strain of the fluid motion along the discontinuity.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of treatments for firework fears in dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
List Type ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Herbal Products

AbstractAn online questionnaire survey investigated (1) management and (2) treatment methods for firework fears in dogs employed by dog owners and their (perceived) effectiveness. A PCA on data from 1225 respondents revealed four management strategies (i.e. interventions during firework exposure): the principal components “Environmental modification” (e.g. providing a hiding place, keeping windows and blinds closed, and playing music), “Feed/Play” (providing the dog with chews, play and food during fireworks in general, as well as contingent on loud bangs), “Alternative” (use of calming nutraceuticals, pheromones, herbal products, homeopathic products, Bach flowers, and essential oils) and “Interaction” (allowing body contact, petting and talking to the dog when loud bangs occurred). To explore possible effects of these management methods on fear development, the components were correlated with a score for fear progression. Of the four components, only “Feed/Play” was statistically associated with an improvement in fear responses to fireworks. To evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment strategies, owners were asked to select from a range of options which interventions they had used and whether they considered them as effective. With prescription medication (N=202), improvements were noted by 69% of owners, with high success rates reported for the most frequently prescribed drugs, alprazolam (91%) and Sileo® (74%). While individual products were not evaluated, the reported success rates for the categories “pheromones” (N=316), “herbal products” (N=282), “nutraceuticals” (N=211), “essential oils” (N=183), “homeopathic remedies” (N=250) and “Bach flowers” (N=281) were all in the range of 27-35%, which is not higher than would be expected based on a placebo effect. Pressure vests were deemed as effective by 44% of respondents (N=300). Counterconditioning (providing desirable stimuli after the occurrence of noises) was the most successful training technique according to the owners (N=694), with a reported effectiveness of over 70%. Relaxation training (N=433) was reported to be almost as successful at 69%, while noise CDs (N=377) were effective in 55% of cases. Thus, counterconditioning, relaxation training and anxiolytic medication appear to be the most effective strategies in the treatment of firework fears in dogs. On this basis it is recommended that ad-hoc counterconditioning and relaxation training should complement the standard behavioral technique of desensitization/ counterconditioning with noise recordings.HighlightsAn online survey on treatment options for firework fears in dogs was performedFeeding or playing with dogs during fireworks was associated with fear improvementSuccess was highest for ad-hoc counterconditioning, relaxation training and medicationSuccess was similar for pheromones, nutraceuticals and other alternative productsSuccess rates for these alternative products are consistent with a placebo effect

Subordinate subject deletion in Russian

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gunter H. Schaarschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
List Type ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
The One

Most, if not all natural languages possess complex sentences in which one single noun phrase serves as the superficial subject for two or more verbs. The most obvious case is the one involving sentences with co-ordinate verb phrases as in (1): (1)the man hit the girl and kicked the boyHowever, inasmuch as in the case of co-ordinate constructions one single noun phrase can also serve as the object of two or more verbs, such constructions will not be our concern in this paper. That is, any analysis that can characterize a sentence such as (1), can also characterize a sentence such as (2), where the girl is the object of both hit and kicked.(2)the man hit and kicked the girlIn this paper, we will restrict our attention to constructions involving coreferential subordinate subject deletion in Russian, i.e., infinitival, gerundial and participial clauses.* We will demonstrate that, despite many superficial differences, such constructions can be characterized in terms of essentially the same general grammatical process: the deletion of a redundantly repeated, subordinate subject NP. This analysis will be shown to be more adequate than one which requires the postulation of a set of two or more independent transformations which describe the data in an ad hoc way.

scholarly journals Perforated appendicitis in the setting of a massive ventral hernia, morbid obesity, and multiple severe comorbidities: challenges in acute management

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000243
Author(s):  
Graham Skelhorne-Gross ◽  
David Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Ventral Hernia ◽  
Open Appendectomy ◽  
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
List Type ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
The Right

Case summaryA 57-year-old woman with morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 43), systemic lupus on steroids, type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, unprovoked pulmonary embolism on rivaroxaban, and hypertension presented with 3 days of worsening abdominal pain and nausea. She had an extensive surgical history including a cesarean section, multiple laparotomies for small bowel obstructions (one complicated by bowel perforation requiring resection), and a double-barrelled ileostomy, which had been since reversed. As a result, she had a massive incisional hernia (figure 1). On presentation she was afebrile but tachycardic at 110 beats per minute. Physical examination revealed tenderness to deep palpation in the right upper and lower quadrants. CT demonstrated an 11 mm appendix with an appendicolith outside the hernia sac abutting the right kidney, discontinuity of the appendix tip, free fluid, and associated stranding in the subhepatic region (figure 2A). She was admitted to the surgical floor for a trial of conservative management with ancef and flagyl. On day 3, her pain worsened, her white cell count remained stable at 12 x109/L, her temperature was 37.8°C, she was not tachycardic, and a repeat CT showed a 15 mm perforated appendix with increased periappendiceal stranding and an associated small volume of free fluid. There was no phlegmon or organized abscess (figure 2B).Figure 1Patient’s abdomen demonstrating midline laparotomy incisional scar, previous ileostomy scar, and massive ventral hernia.Figure 2Abdominal CT showing increased stranding centered around the appendix, with discontinuity of the wall of the appendix tip and free fluid within the abdomen and pelvis. (A) Admission CT. White arrow: appendix. (B) CT on postadmit day 3 as patient worsened clinically. Black arrow: fecalith.What would you do?Continue non-operative management with broadened intravenous antibiotic coverage and bowel rest.Laparoscopic ± open appendectomy without concomitant hernia repair.Laparoscopic ± open appendectomy with abdominal wall reconstruction.

Key issues in image understanding in remote sensing

1988 ◽  
Vol 324 (1579) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Terrain Elevation ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Remotely sensed images of a planet’s atmosphere, oceans and surface contain a plethora of confusing signals about the physical nature of these phase states. Historically, there has been an emphasis on the semi-automated extraction of feature classes based on the spectral properties of objects viewed within a scene and on the use of ad hoc manual photointerpretation techniques. Although these approaches will remain important, they are inadequate, on grounds of speed, accuracy and cost, for the increasing demands of data-gatherers and consumers. Research has recently begun into the automation of image-interpretation tasks and the development of parallel machines with the required processing capabilities. Three important requirements are: (i) means to simulate the appearance of a scene, including the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the surface and the effects of any intervening atmosphere; (ii) an understanding of how knowledge can be captured and introduced at different levels in the processing hierarchy and (iii) the application of constraints based on a knowledge of the geometry of objects in the scene. These three aspects will be illustrated by examples from various fields, including petroleum exploration, measurement of fluid motion and the extraction of digital terrain elevation models.

scholarly journals P39 Pharmacy preparations for the birth of twins to an ebola survivor

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e27.1-e27
Author(s):  
Fiona Marra ◽  
Gayle Robertson ◽  
Joanne Gallagher ◽  
Peter Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Health Board ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Small Team

BackgroundA 43 year old patient previously treated for re-activation of Ebola Virus Disease1 presented to hospital with a twin pregnancy. As a conservative precaution, Remdesivir was obtained for potential use in the mother and the neonates.MethodAll literature was reviewed on the drug in trial and restricted license, along with drugs previously administered in this patient. The recommendation was made to consider Remdesivir and Favipiravir. The patient had received Remdesivir with probable benefit in the past. As the drug is unlicensed, the clinical team from Gilead, California were closely involved. Details of drug dosage and side effects were provided following a non-disclosure agreement. Preparations were made for an import licence following approval by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde health board and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency to import the product from California into the UK.Temperature monitored storage was arranged in advance and the drug appropriately stored. The pharmacy manual was supplied by Gilead and worksheets were prepared in advance.2 A small team of out of hours aseptic pharmacists and technicians were briefed in order to facilitate immediate supply if required. Based on published data, there were no known drug interactions and no contra-indications to breastfeeding.3OutcomeIn the weeks leading up to the delivery the infectious diseases pharmacist, aseptic lead pharmacist and neonatal pharmacist were on call for that period to then cascade requirements down to other pharmacy staff, if required out of hours. The twins were delivered safely with no issues for the neonates or the mother.ReferencesJacobs M, et al. Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report, Lancet 2016;388:498–503GS-5734 for Injection Pharmacy Manual rev 2.1, Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City CA94404WHO R&D Blueprint – Ad-hoc Expert Consultation on clinical trials for Ebola Therapeutics, http://www.who.int/ebola/drc-2018/summaries-of-evidence-experimental-therapeutics.pdf?ua=1 accessed 20th May 2019

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