A closure for Lagrangian velocity gradient evolution in turbulence using recent-deformation mapping of initially Gaussian fields

The statistics of the velocity gradient tensor in turbulent flows is of both theoretical and practical importance. The Lagrangian view provides a privileged perspective for studying the dynamics of turbulence in general, and of the velocity gradient tensor in particular. Stochastic models for the Lagrangian evolution of velocity gradients in isotropic turbulence, with closure models for the pressure Hessian and viscous Laplacian, have been shown to reproduce important features such as non-Gaussian probability distributions, skewness and vorticity strain-rate alignments. The recent fluid deformation (RFD) closure introduced the idea of mapping an isotropic Lagrangian pressure Hessian as the upstream initial condition using the fluid deformation tensor. Recent work on a Gaussian fields closure, however, has shown that even Gaussian isotropic velocity fields contain significant anisotropy for the conditional pressure Hessian tensor due to the inherent velocity–pressure couplings, and that assuming an isotropic pressure Hessian as the upstream condition may not be realistic. In this paper, Gaussian isotropic field statistics is used to generate more physical upstream conditions for the recent fluid deformation mapping. In this new framework, known isotropy relations can be satisfied by tuning the free model parameters and the original Gaussian field coefficients can be directly used without direct numerical simulation (DNS)-based re-adjustment. A detailed comparison of results from the new model, referred to as the recent deformation of Gaussian fields (RDGF) closure, with existing models and DNS shows the improvements gained, especially in various single-time statistics of the velocity gradient tensor at moderate Reynolds numbers. Application to arbitrarily high Reynolds numbers remains an open challenge for this type of model, however.