Disintegrating supercritical jets in a subcritical environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Roy ◽  
Clement Joly ◽  
Corin Segal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Drop Formation ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Supercritical Conditions

AbstractSupercritical fluid injection using a single round injector into a quiescent atmosphere at subcritical and supercritical conditions was studied experimentally with particular attention paid to supercritical-into-subcritical injection and the reassertion of surface tension. The entire system was binary since the surrounding atmosphere consisted of an inert gas of a different composition than that of the injected fluid. Average densities and density gradients were quantified and a method was applied to quantify the resulting drop formation due to the disintegration of the jet based on the experimental conditions. The evolution of drop size with distance from the injector was identified.

Atomization of Liquids by Means of a Rotating Cup

1950 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hinze ◽  
H. Milborn
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drop Formation ◽  
Dimensionless Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Centrifugal Action

Abstract Liquid, supplied through a stationary tube to the inner part of a rotating cup widening toward a brim, flows viscously in a thin layer toward this brim and is then flung off, all by centrifugal action. The flow within this layer and the disintegration phenomena occurring beyond the brim have been studied, experimentally as well as theoretically. A formula has been derived for the thickness and for the radial velocity of the liquid layer within the cup, which proved to agree reasonably well with experimental results. Three essentially different types of disintegration may take place around and beyond the edge of the cup designated, respectively, by: (a) the state of direct drop formation; (b) the state of ligament formation; and (c) the state of film formation. Which one of these is realized depends upon working conditions. Transition from state (a) into (b), or of state (b) into state (c) is promoted by an increased quantity of supply, an increased angular speed, a decreased diameter of the cup, an increased density, an increased viscosity, and a decreased surface tension of the liquid. The experimental results have been expressed in relationships between relevant dimensionless groups. For the state of ligament formation a semiempirical relationship has been derived between the number of ligaments and dimensionless groups determining the working conditions of the cup. Results of drop-size measurements made for the state of ligament formation as well as for the state of film formation show that atomization by mere rotation of the cup is much more uniform than commonly achieved with pressure atomizers.

The stability of pendent liquid drops. Part 2. Axial symmetry

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Energy Change ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Liquid Drops ◽  
Stable Equilibria ◽  
Equilibrium Shapes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
Horizontal Support

In a drop of liquid which hangs below a horizontal support or a t the end of a tube, the forces due to surface tension, pressure and gravity are in equilibrium. Amongst the many possible equilibrium shapes of the drop, only those which are stable occur naturally. The calculus of variations has been used to determine theoretically the stable equilibria, by calculating the energy change when the liquid in equilibrium experiences axially symmetrical perturbations under physically realistic constraints. If the energy change can be made negative, the drop is unstable. With this criterion, stable equilibria have been identified through which the naturally growing drops evolve until they reach a maximum volume, when they become unstable. These results are illustrated by calculations relating to typical experimental conditions.

Jumping drops on the surface of the water

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
A.G. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Rise Height

The paper proposes a theoretical model for the bouncing of a water drop on a free surface. The motion of a drop in air is described by the usual equations connecting the forces of inertia, gravity, and Stokes (viscosity resistance). The drop is considered spherical with a given surface tension. Numerical calculations were carried out using the same algorithm, but with different initial conditions. Some conditions are set for the droplet disintegration, others for the droplet reflection from the free surface. It is shown that the disintegration of a drop occurs periodically with a decrease in the drop size and an increase in the drop rise height. In the interval between droplet decays, periodic reflection from the free surface occurs with a decrease in the rise height.

Large-eddy simulation of supercritical fluid injection

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Petit ◽  
G. Ribert ◽  
G. Lartigue ◽  
P. Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy

Mass spectrometry with direct supercritical fluid injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 2266-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Smith ◽  
Harold R. Udseth
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fluid Injection

On the capillary forces in an idealized soil

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Allberry
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Capillary Forces ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Small Drop ◽  
Soil Cohesion ◽  
Work Of Separation ◽  
Surface Tension Forces

1. The attraction between spheres, due to surface tension forces, in a lenticular drop between them is calculated for spheres in contact and at increasing separations up to the point of rupture of the drop. Hence the work of separation of the spheres is calculated.2. Experimental measurements confirm the validity of these calculations, down to very small drop sizes, where it is likely that the failure is in the experimental method. As predicted by Fisher, the force decreases with increasing drop size, while the work of separation increases. Since, however, it is shown that the smaller lenticels are more easily ruptured, no discrimination is provided between the differing explanations of Haines and Fisher of measurements made with the Atterberg apparatus for measurement of soil cohesion.An experimental verification of the validity of Fisher's calculation of the pressure deficiency inside the drop is also given.3. It is pointed out that these results depend on the geometry of the system; types of contact other than that of spheres will show different behaviour. Hence generalizations about the behaviour of a real soil, based on an idealized soil of packed spheres, may lead to erroneous conclusions.

Sessile drop profiles: corrected methods for surface tension and spreading coefficients

1972 ◽  
Vol 330 (1583) ◽  
pp. 561-572 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spreading Coefficients ◽  
Limiting Value

The height of a sessile drop first increases as the drop size increases and then diminishes to a limiting value for very large drops. The variation of sessile drop height with drop size has been calculated and is given in graphical form for a very wide range of drop size and of contact angle. These data are then used to derive correction factors so that the surface tension and the spreading coefficient may be obtained from equations which would normally apply with the limiting drop height. A comparison is made of these data with some empirical equations, developed by earlier workers, to express the drop height as a function of its size. It is shown that these equations apply over limited ranges of size only. The phenomenon of a sessile drop possessing some maximum height is shown to be a consequence of the capillary pressure at the apex changing with drop diameter in a different way from that at the base of the drop.

scholarly journals The diamagnetic susceptibilities of salts forming ions with inert gas configurations - Part I—The halides of sodium and potassium

1934 ◽  
Vol 147 (860) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diamagnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complete Investigation ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Quantitative Nature

Although the subject of diamagnetic susceptibility has attracted the attention of many experimental and theoretical investigators during the past decade, it is remarkable that no complete systematic investigation of the susceptibilities of salts forming ions with inert gas configurations has been made. As a result, in comparing experimental and theoretical work, results for various salts obtained by quite different methods are used in conjunction with one another, and it is hardly surprising that the agreement should be of an approximate quantitative nature only in view of the wide discordance of the experimental results. The work of Ikenmeyer is the most complete investigation, but here the susceptibilities of certain salts, notably the fluorides, have not been measured. This is a serious omission for the data upon fluorides should prove to be amongst the most interesting. The present investigation is part of an attempt to obtain a series of results under the same experimental conditions and with the same apparatus, in order that the comparative values so obtained may be as accurate as possible.

Vacuum Inert Gas Atomisation of Cr-Mn-Ni Austenitic Steel Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1265-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Dubberstein ◽  
Hans Peter Heller
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Median Particle Size ◽  
Steel Alloys ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Mass Median

The Cr-Mn-Ni austenitic steel cast alloys containing 16 wt.-% chromium, 7 wt.-% manganese and 3 to 9 wt.-% nickel are used as matrix material to manufacture TRIP-Matrix-Composite containing MgO partially stabilised ZrO2ceramics. In the present work, these steel master alloys were atomised via a vacuum inert gas atomisation to provide fine grain sized metal powders for the assembling of TRIP-Matrix-Composite. The atomised steel powders where characterised according to their chemical composition and the d50mass median particle size determined by a laser diffraction analyses. The surface tension of the liquid steel alloys was experimentally investigated using the maximum bubble pressure (MBP) method. The reference austenitic steel alloy (AISI 304) has the highest surface tension and the highest mass median particle size compared to the Cr-Mn-Ni steel alloys, where d50values are lower due to lower surface tension values. Finally, it is concluded from the present investigation, that the d50size of the atomised steel powders decreases by a decrease of surface tension values for the liquid steel alloys.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document