THE ACCESS PARADOX: MEDIA ENVIRONMENT DIVERSITY AND COVERAGE OF ACTIVIST GROUPS IN JAPAN AND KOREA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste L. Arrington
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
News Media ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
The Media ◽  
Good For ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Activist Groups ◽  
Homogeneous Media

AbstractTo what extent is a diverse news media environment good for activists who seek attention for their cause? Scholars agree that activist groups depend on the media to reach policymakers and bystanders. Yet prior scholars have overlooked how factors that contribute to media environment diversity—including journalistic norms, market structures, outlets’ partisanship, and audiences’ news consumption habits—can have contradictory implications for activist groups. Disaggregating questions of gaining publicity from questions of the message and reach of coverage, this article shows that while pluralistic media environments are more accessible to activists, more homogeneous media environments help groups that manage to break into the mainstream news reach wider audiences with more coherent narratives. These findings challenge common assumptions about the news media in Japan and Korea. A paired comparison of hepatitis C-related activism in both countries demonstrates how the forces democratizing access to the media are paradoxically reducing the persuasive potential of publicity.

scholarly journals News Media Performance Evaluated by National Audiences: How Media Environments and User Preferences Matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Steppat ◽  
Laia Castro Herrero ◽  
Frank Esser
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Performance ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Media Choices

Media fragmentation and polarization have contributed to blurring the lines between professional and non-professional journalism. Internationally, more fragmented-polarized media environments are often associated with the emergence of non-professional news providers, the weakening of journalistic standards, and the segmentation of audiences along ideological leanings. Furthermore, these environments are home to partisan and alternative news media outlets, some of which try to actively undermine the credibility of traditional mainstream media in their reporting. By following an audience-centric approach, this study investigates the consequences of more fragmented-polarized media environments and consumption habits on users’ perceptions of news media performance. We use online-survey data from five countries that differ in the extent of fragmentation and polarization in the media environment (CH = 1,859, DK = 2,667, IT = 2,121, PL = 2,536, US = 3,493). We find that perceptions of high news media performance are more likely to be expressed by citizens from less fragmented-polarized media environments. Positive perceptions of news media performance are also stronger among users of traditional media, and those who inform themselves in a more attitude-congruent manner. By contrast, citizens from more fragmented-polarized media environments and users of alternative news media tend to express less satisfaction with news media performance. Based on these results, we argue that perceptions of news media performance among news users are shaped by their individual media choices as well as by the composition of the news media environments that surrounds them.

New Media and Political Change in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Assembling Media Worlds and Cultivating Networks of Care

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amahl Bishara
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Second Intifada ◽  
The Media ◽  
First Intifada

AbstractIn terms of infrastructure and technology, the media environment of Palestinians in the Occupied Territories developed extensively between the first and second Intifadas. Yet the media environment of the second Intifada was not necessarily more conducive to democratic change than that of the first. This paper argues that technological advances must be evaluated in their political contexts, and that the Palestinian context offers insight into what news media can do when they are not necessarily forums for an effective public sphere. For decades, Palestinians have assembled their media world out of other states' media, and a diverse collection of small and large media. This active process of assembly has itself constituted a productive field of political contestation. During the first Intifada, having no broadcast media or uncensored newspapers, Palestinians relied on small media like graffiti to evade Israeli restrictions. During the Oslo period, the Palestinian Authority (PA) established official Palestinian broadcast media, while Palestinian entrepreneurs opened broadcasting stations and Internet news sites. During the second Intifada, with Palestinian news media hampered by continued PA restrictions and intensified Israeli violence, small and new media enabled networks of care and connection, but were not widely effective tools for political organizing.

Solace in sound: Glenn Gould’s electronic solitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Steven Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
General Systems ◽  
The Media ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Media Environments

Inspired by Marshall McLuhan, pianist Glenn Gould dedicated his career to polemics against the concert hall tradition. Through radio/television broadcasts, written works and contentious recorded catalogue, Gould advocated adoption of the new electric media environment of the mid-twentieth century, challenging musical traditions of centuries past. Gould also used telephonic technology to mediate contact with the outside world. Gould has been acknowledged by such authors as Paul Théberge as putting into practice the ideas of Marshall McLuhan. In this study, I follow Robert Logan’s work in media ecology and general systems and investigate Gould’s polemics through systems theory. In particular, I employ Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems, offering a model of society through which we may observe the effects of electric technology via the notion of functional de-differentiation of social systems as discussed by authors such as Erkki Sevänen. I suggest that Gould’s polemics are not just commentary on musical tradition but the media environments in which those traditions arose and show how we too can find solace in sound.

scholarly journals A Sámi media system?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (s2) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Torkel Rasmussen ◽  
Inker-Anni Sara ◽  
Roy Krøvel
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Media System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
External Actors

Abstract In this article, we propose a history of Sámi journalism and news media as a step in the direction of analysing the existing media system in Sápmi. Numerous Sámi activists and organisations have contributed to the establishment and running of Sámi media – in interaction, cooperation, and conflict with external actors such as missionaries, investors, and state institutions. This has resulted in a rich and vivid Sámi media environment and infrastructure, with many of the characteristics of a media system. However, fundamental processes governing the Sámi media system are subjected to regulations, procedures, and institutions external to Sámi society. This article calls for greater Sámi self-determination over key elements of the media system.

Uncensored journalism in censored times: Challenges of reporting on Azerbaijan

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110368
Author(s):  
Arzu Geybulla
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
News Media ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
The Impact

Azerbaijan is an authoritarian regime, whose government maintains a tight grip over the media landscape. Independent and opposition media are regularly persecuted, with journalists and their family members intimidated by law enforcement agencies via arrests, beating, threats and other forms of persecution. Defamation is considered a criminal offence. This paper addresses the impact of this restrictive media environment on reporting about Azerbaijan. As scores of journalists have fled the country in search of safety, a community of exiled journalists has emerged and a number of news media websites operate in exile. Together they continue reporting on Azerbaijan with the help of a handful of journalists remaining on the ground. This paper explores how reporting on Azerbaijan continues despite a highly restricted media environment and what this means for other media systems facing authoritarian rule.

scholarly journals De-contextualisation fuels controversy: the double-edged sword of humour in a hybrid media environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Sara Ödmark
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Media

Humour has a unique way of delineating social boundaries, and comedy can function as a double-edged sword; it can strengthen bonds and bring people together, or divide through provocation and violation of social norms. As a consequence, humour controversies are telling events that contain the possibility of highlighting cultural and political sensibilities – even more in the current political landscape, with increasing media fragmentation. This study analysed four humour functions through the theoretical lens of media framing, via three cases of humorous content that caused controversies in the Swedish news media. These cases were one divisive radio roast of a politician, one TV satire segment that was received as racist, and one audio podcast with young women who challenged a Swedish political consensus climate. Framing is the power of media to select and highlight certain aspects of issues, and by extension, shape public opinion. By subjecting the media coverage of these three controversies to a qualitative content analysis, the framing was examined and discussed in the light of four humour functions: identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation (Meyer 2000). Furthermore, the study examined the media context and the role it played in the framing of the controversies. One main finding was that the most uniting humour function of identification could be transformed into the most dividing humour function of differentiation through a shift in media context.

The Changing Information Ecosystem in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Seo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
News Media ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Media ◽  
Information Generation ◽  
Use Of Social Media

This chapter applies the agent-affordance framework introduced in Chapter 2 to the ever-changing information ecosystem in South Korea by identifying changes in key agents and affordances in the country over the past three decades. This is accomplished in the context of co-adapting technological, cultural, political, and legal environments in the country. The chapter provides the background information necessary to explicating the dynamics of information generation and dissemination by and between different agents in South Korea. In particular, it contributes to enhancing understandings of technological, social, political, and legal affordances in South Korea that lay the groundwork for analyses in the subsequent chapters. South Korea’s news media environment, citizens’ use of social media, concerns of misinformation, and issues related to the division of the Korean Peninsula are discussed in the context of agent-affordance interactions. Secondary data analysis is used to document changes in the media environment and ecology in South Korea.

scholarly journals Through the Eyes of Early Childhood Students: Television, Tablet Computers, Internet and Smartphones

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Buluthan Çetintaş ◽  
Zeynep Turan
Keyword(s):  
Tablet Computers ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
The Media ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Early Childhood Students ◽  
Day By Day

The features, functions, and usage of media and media environment which have an important role in the lives of today’s children are increasing day by day. This study aims to evaluate media environments and the children’s experience from their points of view. The study followed the qualitative design and the participants of the study consisted of 34 preschool students. Children were asked questions to learn their opinions about television, tablet computers, the internet, and smartphones. The results revealed that children had knowledge about the media environment and they used it intensively. However, they were not aware of the possible dangers of the media contents substantially. It was understood that children did not get any knowledge or education about media usage and most of the children encountered negative content. The results suggest a need for training in media literacy for children.

scholarly journals Dealing with digital intermediaries: A case study of the relations between publishers and platforms

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1600-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kleis Nielsen ◽  
Sarah Anne Ganter
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
News Media ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Fear Of Missing Out ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Organizations

The rise of digital intermediaries such as search engines and social media is profoundly changing our media environment. Here, we analyze how news media organizations handle their relations to these increasingly important intermediaries. Based on a strategic case study, we argue that relationships between publishers and platforms are characterized by a tension between (1) short-term, operational opportunities and (2) long-term strategic worries about becoming too dependent on intermediaries. We argue that these relationships are shaped by news media’s fear of missing out, the difficulties of evaluating the risk/reward ratios, and a sense of asymmetry. The implication is that news media that developed into an increasingly independent institution in the 20th century—in part enabled by news media organizations’ control over channels of communication—are becoming dependent upon new digital intermediaries that structure the media environment in ways that not only individual citizens but also large, resource-rich, powerful organizations have to adapt to.

scholarly journals Effects of the News Media Environment on Citizen Knowledge of State Politics and Government

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael X. Delli Carpini ◽  
Scott Keeter ◽  
J. David Kennamer
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
State Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
Metro Area ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Capital

This multivariate analysis shows that residents in and near Richmond, Virginia, where the state capital is located, are significantly more knowledgeable about state politics than are residents living elsewhere in the state, especially in the northern Virginia – Washington, D.C. metro area. A newspaper content analysis demonstrates that Richmond-area residents are exposed to far more news of state politics and government than are residents of northern Virginia. The study suggests that the media environment is highly important in providing the opportunity for citizens to learn about politics.

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