“A Horrible Looking Woman”: Female Violence in Late-Victorian East London

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew August
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Female Violence ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Violent Offenses

AbstractScholars have attributed a steep decline in violent crime in nineteenth-century England to a “civilizing offensive” launched to discipline violent masculinities. In East London, however, a significant minority of those brought before summary courts on charges of violent offenses were women. Newspaper accounts of these cases show that some women committed assaults that resembled the violent actions of men. The courts and newspapers evaluated defendants against standards of femininity. Those women who successfully performed dominant versions of femininity received lenient treatment in the courts and approval in the newspapers. The courts harshly punished those who did not conform. These accounts reveal a campaign against disorderly femininities that paralleled the civilizing offensive directed against unruly masculinities.

scholarly journals ‘A Shocking State of Domestic Unhappiness’: Male Victims of Female Violence and the Courts in Late Nineteenth Century Stafford

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Turner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Violence ◽  
The Press ◽  
Female Perpetrator ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Domestic Setting

Instances where men were the victims of female violence in the past are very difficult to explore, especially when the violence took place in a domestic setting. There is now a notable body of work on violence in the nineteenth century but none that looks specifically at male victims of violence where there was a female perpetrator, and their treatment by the courts. This article goes some way in filling that gap by using data collected in researching female offenders at the end of the nineteenth century in Stafford. It argues that, as with violence where there was a female victim and female perpetrator, the courts and the press were similarly unconcerned and somewhat dismissive of female violence towards men in a domestic setting, thus being unsympathetic towards male victims of female violence.

scholarly journals Die "Macht" der Bauern? Agrargesellschaft im Wandel

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-149
Author(s):  
Ernst Bruckmüller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
The Village

The Power of the Peasants? The Transformation of Agrarian Society. This chapter examines the development of a clear estate consciousness among the Lower Austrian peasantry in the nineteenth century and considers its implications for power relations in the land. Prior to 1848, the peasant population were ruled by feudal landowners, and were entitled to an insignificant degree of self-governance only on the village level. When the landholding reform (Grundentlastung) put an end to feudalism in 1848, autonomous communes were formed in which the upper peasantry now had some say. The liberalism that prevailed from 1861/67 onwards shattered the traditional societal foundations, and crisis set in with debt and a steep decline in prices from 1880 onwards. The articulation of peasants’ problems by a vintner (Steininger) and experts and politicians with an interest in social welfare saw the emergence of an increasingly dense agrarian network via specialist associations and trade unions. Ultimately, these efforts culminated in the foundation of a successful political organisation, the Lower Austrian Farmers’ Association, which may be considered a manifestation of athe emergence of an estate consciousness realisable on the political level.

scholarly journals Trends in Wisconsin Imprisonment 2000-2014: Net Growth by Offense Group and Admission Types

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Technical Violations ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Admission Status ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Admission Type

This report examines the mix of offenses and admission types for prison admissions, prison releases, and numbers in prison 2000-2014. Wisconsin imprisonment rates declined slightly after the mid-2000s, but have risen since 2014. A detailed investigation of patterns of movement into and out of prison by offense and admission type (new sentence vs. revocation) shows that the decline after 2007 was small and the seeds of the rebound after 2012 in incarceration were present in the earlier trends. A steep decline in prison admissions for drug sentences and a decline in prison admissions for revocations after 2007 masked continuing slow rises in imprisonment from new commitments for other offenses, especially rape and murder. After 2012, a rise in revocations across offense groups and a rise in new commitments for drug offenses and several other categories of offenses led to a rise in the total imprisonment rate. The patterns by offense and admission type suggest that changes in violent crime rates and in sentence lengths within offense category play relatively little role in these trends. Total imprisonment trends are products of complex processes affecting different groups differently. Policy recommendations emphasize the drug war, sex offenders, and revocations for technical violations as the areas having the largest numerical impact on trends in imprisonment in Wisconsin. An appendix gives additional details about offenses and admission types. The report itself includes seven color graphs which show trends in imprisonment by offense and category of admission and the appendix includes another 22 color graphs that show the trends for each offense and the offense trends by admission type. The graphs attached to the report are printed two to a page. Alternate files include a separate copy of just the graphs printed one to a page for improved legibility, a copy of the text with no graphs and a shorter version without the appendix.Update 6/12/17 corrects an incorrect sentence about the proportion of rape offenders who entered on a revocation; includes two new graphs, one on the admission status of those in prison and admitted to prison by offense and another showing the offense mix of those in prison and admitted to prison; and adds tables to the appendix. An available spreadsheet provides the frequency data that are the basis of the graphs and tables.

Female Violence and Gender Gap Trends in Taiwan: Offender-Behavioral Changes or Net-Widening Enforcement Explanations?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Li Hsieh ◽  
Jennifer Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Female Violence ◽  
Crime Wave ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
Net Widening

Two long-standing explanations of converging violence gender gap trends in the United States are net-widening enforcement and offender-behavioral changes. We examine these explanations in an Asian context, democratic Taiwan. We use sex-specific arrests, conviction, and imprisonment statistics for violent offenses, 1989 to 2012, to identify whether Taiwanese gender gaps are converging across the criminal justice system. This study did not identify a female violent crime “wave” but mainly stability, failing to support the offender-behavioral change hypothesis. There is limited evidence of net-widening enforcement of felony assault and domestic violence, where disparate impacts on female arrest trends are identified solely for domestic violence.

Common Misperceptions: The Press and Victorian Views of Crime

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
The Times

After a string of successes in the early nineteenth century, the Victorian movement to reform criminal punishment began to falter. Despite evidence to the contrary, the populace grew convinced that violent crime was on the rise. A frequency analysis of The Times and The Manchester Guardian suggests that this misperception was due to a drastic increase in crime coverage by the periodicals of the day.

scholarly journals “Catastrophically Romantic”: Radical Inversions of Gilbert and Gubar’s Monstrous Angel in Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
Woman Writer ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Female Violence ◽  
Female Figures

Abstract In their landmark text The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteen Century Literary Imagination (1970), Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar pose a series of hypotheses concerning women-authored fiction in the nineteenth century, identifying two archetypical female figures in patriarchal literary contexts – the Angel in the House, and the Monstrous (Mad)Woman. Gilbert and Gubar echo a Woolf-ian call to action that women writers must destroy both the angel and the monster in their fiction, and many contemporary women authors have answered that call – examining and complicating Gilbert and Gubar’s original dichotomy to reflect contemporary concerns with female violence and feminism. Gillian Flynn’s Gone Girl (2012), and in particular the character of Amy Elliott Dunne, explores modern iterations of the Angel v. Monster dynamic in the guise of the “Cool Girl,” thus revising these stereotypes to fit them in a postmodern socio-historical context. The controversy that surrounds the text, as well as its incredible popularity, indicates that the narrative has struck a chord with readers and critics alike. Both Amy and Nick Dunne represent the Angel and the Monster in their marriage, embodying Flynn’s critical feminist commentary on white, upper-middle class, heterosexual psychopathy.

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