The effects of differing proportions of dietary macronutrients on the digestibility and post-prandial endocrine responses in domestic cats (Felis catus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Hill ◽  
K.J. Rutherfurd-Markwick ◽  
G. Ravindran ◽  
D.G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of feeding two diets with different macronutrient proportions (high protein, low carbohydrate and low protein, high carbohydrate) on the digestibility and post-prandial endocrine responses of cats fed at maintenance levels, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the marginal ear vein prick technique for the measurement of blood glucose levels in feline studies. Two diets were fed to 16 adult domestic short-haired cats for a period of three weeks (eight cats per diet). Following a seven-day dietary adaptation period, the apparent macronutrient digestibility of the two diets was determined (days 8-19) using the total faecal collection method. The faeces were freeze dried, ground and analysed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy and then apparent digestibility was calculated. On days 20 and 21, the post-prandial glucose responses of the cats fed a single meal of one of the two diets were measured in serial blood samples collected using the marginal ear vein prick technique.Results showed that the high protein, low carbohydrate diet had higher (p < 0.05) apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and energy, lower (p < 0.01) daily faecal output and smaller fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations. Despite the two groups of cats having similar calorific intakes, the cats fed the high protein diet lost weight over the study period, whereas those fed the high carbohydrate, low protein diet gained weight. The marginal ear vein prick technique proved to be an effective alternative to catheterisation for blood glucose determination. The high protein diet tested in the current study, in addition to being more aligned to the cat's natural carnivorous diet, may be beneficial for weight management and blood glucose control in cats.

The protein requirement of the ruminant calf. II. Further studies on the effect of protein content of the concentrate mixture on the performance of calves weaned at an early age

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
Helen J. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein

1. Eighty-four Friesian heifer calves were used in two experiments (Experiments 4 and 5) to study the protein requirement of the ruminant calf to 12 weeks of age. The calves were weaned at 5 weeks of age and given a concentrate containing one of several protein levels, together with hay and water.2. In Experiment 4, the effect of changing the protein content of the concentrates at 8 weeks of age under ad libitum feeding conditions was studied. A concentrate containing 20·6% crude protein (air-dry basis) tended to promote more rapid weight gains in calves to 8 weeks than a similar concentrate with 12·1% crude protein. Following the change in diet at 8 weeks, both groups of calves given the low-protein diet gained weight at similar rates in the period 8–12 weeks, irrespective of the protein level to 8 weeks. During the period 8–12 weeks calves given the high-protein diet, after receiving a low-protein diet to 8 weeks, tended to gain weight at a faster rate than those given the high-protein concentrate throughout. After adjustment for differences between treatment groups in mean concentrate consumption and mean live-weight at 8 weeks, the live-weight gain from 8 to 12 weeks was significantly greater in calves given the high-protein diet after 8 weeks.3. In Experiment 5, a significantly lower growth rate was obtained when concentrate intake was restricted to a maximum of 2 kg./day than when given ad libitum. Calves given the concentrates containing 15·9% or 20·6% crude protein gained weight significantly faster than those given the concentrate containing 12·1% crude protein, at both levels of feeding, after live-weight gain was adjusted for differences between treatment groups in mean food consumption and live-weight at 1 week.4. It is concluded that no advantage is obtained by giving a concentrate containing more than 15·9% protein to Friesian heifer calves weaned at 5 weeks of age. The results indicate clearly the importance of an adequate supply of energy in the diet of the ruminant calf if maximum live-weight gain is to be achieved.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes in the capacity of systems used for the synthesis of citrulline in rat liver mitochondria in response to high- and low-protein diets

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McGivan ◽  
Norah M. Bradford ◽  
J. B. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Citrulline Synthesis

1. Citrulline synthesis was measured in mitochondria from rats fed on a standard diet, a high-protein diet, or on glucose. 2. With NH4Cl as the nitrogen source the rate of citrulline synthesis was higher in mitochondria from rats fed on a high-protein diet than in those from rats fed on a standard diet. When rats were fed solely on glucose the rate of synthesis of citrulline from NH4Cl was very low. 3. With glutamate as the nitrogen source the relative rates of citrulline synthesis were much lower than when NH4Cl was present, but similar adaptive changes occurred. 4. The activity of the mitochondrial glutamate-transporting system increased two to three times on feeding rats on a high-protein diet, but the Km for glutamate was unchanged. 5. Adaptive changes in certain intramitochondrial enzymes were also measured. 6. The results were interpreted to indicate that when an excess of substrate was present, citrulline synthesis from NH4Cl was rate-limited by the intramitochondrial concentration of N-acetyl-glutamate, but citrulline synthesis from glutamate was rate-limited primarily by the activity of the glutamate-transporting system.

Effect of High-Salt, High-Carbohydrate, Low-Protein Diet on Hypertension in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 99s-102s
Author(s):  
Hideo Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein

1. High-salt, high-carbohydrate and low-protein diet induces remarkable elevation of blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. These animals have low serum potassium, low blood urea nitrogen and high blood sugar. 3. Heart weight is increased in proportion to the elevation of blood pressure. 4. Kidney weight of rats receiving the high-salt, high-carbohydrate and low-protein diet was, by contrast, smaller than SHR receiving a normal diet. 5. The kidneys of SHR receiving a high-salt, high-protein diet were twice as heavy as the kidneys of normal rats. 6. Similar dietary modifications in Goldblatt hypertensive rats to those in SHR produced similar changes in blood pressure and heart weight.

scholarly journals Biochemical aspects of malabsorption in marasmus: effect of dietary rehabilitation

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Mehta ◽  
A. S. Saini ◽  
Harjit Singh ◽  
P. S. Dhatt
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Duodenal Juice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate

1. Sixty marasmic children were investigated for the absorption of xylose, proteins and fats. Their duodenal juice samples were also analysed for bile salts and microflora.2. The marasmic children were then studied in three groups of twenty by allocating them to three different dietary schedules: a high-protein diet (30% of the total energy from protein), a high-fat diet (40% of the total energy from fat) and a high-carbohydrate diet (70% of the total energy from carbohydrate) for 2 weeks and the previous measurements repeated.3. Whereas the high-fat diet resulted in improved fat absorption, along with an increase in total and conjugated bile acids, and the high-carbohydrate diet led to improved xylose absorption, the diet rich in protein resulted in an improvement in the absorption of all three dietary ingredients. It appears that a high-protein diet improves the overall absorption process by improving the intestinal environment as a whole, while high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets bring about adaptive changes related to the respective absorptive processes.

scholarly journals High‐protein diet more effectively reduces hepatic fat than low‐protein diet despite lower autophagy and FGF21 levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2982-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Xu ◽  
Mariya Markova ◽  
Nicole Seebeck ◽  
Anne Loft ◽  
Silke Hornemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Digestion by sheep of concentrate diets containing formaldehyde-treated peanut meal

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of formaldehyde treatment of peanut meal on the digestion of barley-peanut meal diets was studied in fistulated crossbred sheep at two peanut meal and therefore dietary protein levels. There were no differences either between protein levels or due to treatment in the overall digestion of organic matter, but more of this digestion took place in the stomach when the low protein diets were given. Dietary starch was completely digested. There was no effect of protein level or of formaldehyde treatment on the partition of starch digestion between the stomach and the intestines. About 10% of the dietary nitrogen disappeared from the stomach when the high protein diet containing untreated peanut meal was given; treatment resulted in a small net gain of nitrogen in the stomach. There was a net gain of nitrogen in the stomach when the low protein diets were given, the gain tending to be greater when the peanut meal was treated. When the meal was treated, there was a small but not significant increase (c. 2%) for the low protein diet and a substantial increase (c. 31 %) for the high protein diet in the amount of crude protein digested in the intestines per unit of digestible organic matter intake. Changes observed in the composition and flow of digesta and in plasma urea and cc-amino nitrogen levels are discussed in relation to the digestion of organic matter and protein.

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