Feeding panicled tick-clover to growing goats reduces Haemonchus contortus infection without negative effects on growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Cherry ◽  
M. Bullinger ◽  
B.D. Lambert ◽  
J.P. Muir ◽  
T.W. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Desmodium Paniculatum

SummaryIn an effort to identify a forage legume with condensed tannins (CT) that reduce gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants without negative effects on nutrition, the following trial looked at the effects of two legumes containing CT on average daily gain (ADG) and faecal egg counts (FEC) in kid goats. Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza, SL) and Desmodium paniculatum (panicled tick-clover; PTC) were pelleted into isonitrogenous complete feeds containing 3.8% CT in a four week feeding trial. Compared to the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) control diet, SL decreased (P ≤ 0.05) feed efficiency and ADG while PTC had the same (P > 0.05) feed efficiency as alfalfa. The SL and PTC pelleted feeds increased (P = 0.006) daily feed intake by 4.5 kg and 3.7 kg, respectively, compared to alfalfa control, while kids consuming SL and PTC showed an average 44% reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in FEC compared to those fed alfalfa. The results showed that feeding PTC, an herbaceous, perennial legume native to much of North America, to goats may provide a natural means of reducing ruminant GIN while simultaneously providing a source of protein.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P < 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Sericea Lespedeza Hay on Behavior, Heat Energy, and Ruminal Methane Emission by Growing Alpine Doelings and Katahdin Ewe Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Wei L Wang ◽  
Luana L Ribeiro ◽  
Italo L Portugal ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Twenty-four Alpine doelings (initial body weight (BW) and age of 25.3±0.55 kg and 10.4±0.11 mo, respectively) and 24 Katahdin ewe lambs (28.3±1.02 kg and 9.6±0.04 mo, respectively) were used to determine effects of dietary level of Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; 10% condensed tannins) on heat energy and ruminal emission of the greenhouse gas methane determined with an open-circuit calorimetry system. Pens with Calan feeding gates were used in the study with four 6–7-wk periods. Diets (i.e., treatments) consumed ad libitum were 75% ground hay, alfalfa, a 1:1 mixture of alfalfa and lespedeza (AL), and lespedeza. Data were analyzed with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, repeated measure of period, and a mixed effects model. Feeders were open 195 and 205 min/d for Alpine and Katahdin (SEM=9.8) and longer (P < 0.05) for diets with lespedeza (159, 209, and 231 min/d for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Rate of dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P < 0.05) for Katahdin vs. Alpine (10.2 and 6.1 g/min) and for alfalfa than for AL and lespedeza (11.1, 8.1, and 6.7 g/min, respectively). Heat energy was greater (P < 0.05) in MJ/d for Katahdin than for Alpine (10.19 vs. 7.90) and similar among diets (9.20, 9.40, and 8.53; SEM=0.266), but values in kJ/kg BW0.75 were similar between animal types (560 and 579; SEM=8.4) and greatest (P < 0.05) among diets for AL (563, 592, and 553 for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Ruminal methane emission differed (P < 0.05) between animal types in MJ/d (1.17 and 1.44), kJ/g DMI (1.39 and 1.23), and kJ/g average daily gain (ADG; 18.1 and 9.8 for Alpine and Katahdin, respectively). Regardless of period, diet did not impact methane emission in MJ/d or relative to DMI, BW, or ADG. In conclusion, it is unclear why dietary inclusion of lespedeza did not reduce ruminal methane emission as in previous studies. Species differences in methane relative to DMI and ADG (i.e., lower for sheep than for goats) deserve further attention.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

MONENSIN, CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND TYLOSIN EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION IN LAMBS FED A GROUND ALFALFA DIET

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Supplementing a control diet of ground alfalfa (CON) with monensin (MON), chlortetracycline (CTC) or tylosin (TYL) did not affect (P < 0.05) dry matter intake or average daily gain of market lambs. Feed efficiency with CTC was less than with the unsupplemented control (CON) (6.22 vs. 5.68) (P < 0.05). Mean digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.05) with all antibiotic treatments than the CON diet. Relative to CON, nitrogen digestibility was increased with MON (66.3 vs. 70.9%) while that of energy was reduced with TYL (P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were not influenced by any of the treatments. MON, CTC and TYL were not effective supplements for lambs fed alfalfa finishing diets. Key words: lamb, chlortetracycline, monensin, tylosin, alfalfa hay, digestibility

scholarly journals Evaluation of effect of supplementation of extruded rice as a substitute for dried whey in the diet of weanling pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Author(s):  
S. Mohana Devi ◽  
SC Kim ◽  
IH Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
E Coli

A total of 120 weanling pigs [(Landrace &times; Yorkshire) &times; Duroc], 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 6.52 &plusmn; 0.22 (SE) kg were selected to investigate the effects of extruded rice product as a replacement for dried whey on growth performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CATTD), blood profiles, faecal shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli (the microbial counts of digesta were expressed as log<sub>10</sub> colony forming units per gram), and faecal scores of weanling pigs. Pigs were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments, with six replicates per treatment and five pigs per pen. Pigs in the control group were fed a diet based on corn, soybean, and 20% dried whey. Experimental groups received the same diet as the control group, but dried whey was replaced by 3%, 6%, and 9% extruded rice. Throughout the experimental period (six weeks), no differences were observed in the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain/feed ratio. Pigs fed 6% and 9% extruded rice had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) CATTD than pigs fed the control diet on Day 14. The blood creatinine concentration of pigs fed 9% extruded rice was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that of pigs in the control group on Day 14. Pigs fed the diets containing 6% and 9% extruded rice had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) faecal E. coli counts on Day 14 compared with pigs fed the control diet. The current results indicate that feeding extruded rice can decrease faecal E. coli counts without negative effects on growth performance in weanling pigs.

scholarly journals 163 Xylanase and fermentable xylo-oligosaccharides improve performance in grower-finisher pigs fed a corn-soybean meal based diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cordero ◽  
Jae Cheol Kim ◽  
Natasha Whenham ◽  
Helen Masey-O’Neill ◽  
Saksit Srinongkote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Large White ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Average Body

Abstract Cecal inoculum collected from broilers fed a diet supplemented with xylanase showed increased gas production in an in vitro fermentation study with arabinoxylan-based substrates, indicating that intestinal microbiota can adapt to increase the capability to ferment arabinoxylans when pre-exposed to xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) produced by xylanase. As the most abundant non-starch polysaccharides in a corn-soybean meal-based diet is arabinoxylan, this study tested the hypothesis that a blend of a xylanase and XOS will improve growth performance of pigs compared with those fed a diet supplemented with xylanase alone. One hundred twenty male crossbred (Landrace x Large white x Duroc) pigs (77 days average age; 30 kg average body weight -BW) were allocated to one of three treatments: CTR (control diet), XYL (CTR diet supplemented with 100 g/t of xylanase [Econase XT, AB Vista]) and XYL+XOS [CTR diet supplemented with 100 g/t of xylanase and XOS (Signis, AB Vista)]. Each treatment had ten replicates, with 4 animals each. The control diet was formulated with corn, soybean meal, DDGS and cassava meal as major ingredients. Pelleted diets were fed over 3 phases: grower (30–60 kg), finisher 1 (60–80 kg) and finisher 2 (80–100 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured from 30 to 100 kg and feed efficiency calculated (FCR). No treatment effects were observed on ADFI. Pigs offered the XYL+XOS had increased ADG (CTR = 1.058 vs XYL+XOS= 1.086 g/pig/d; P = 0.02) compared with those supplemented with xylanase alone (CTR = 1.058 vs XYL = 1.067 g/pig/d; P = 0.40). Feed efficiency was improved with XYL (2.65; P = 0.042) and XYL+XOS (2.60; P < 0.001) compared with CTR (2.71). These results suggest that xylanase in combination with XOS further improves daily gain and FCR compared with a xylanase alone. Interestingly the differences between XYL and XYL+XOS become more apparent in older animals, when the microbiome matures and possibly digests fiber more effectively.

A note on the effect of monensin and amicloral in steer diets

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTThe effects of feeding monensin and amicloral at 33 and 1500 mg/kg of diet, respectively, were investigated in two experiments using 330-kg steers. Monensin and amicloral, either alone or in combination, increased the digestibility of organic matter and crude fibre compared with a control diet (P< 0·001). Crude protein digestibility was increased by monensin (P< 0·001). Use of monensin and amicloral, alone or in combination, increased molar proportions of propionic acid by 22% on average (P> 0·05), and monensin decreased butyric acid by 37% (P< 0·05).Ruminal ammonia concentrations were lower in steers fed monensin (P< 0·05). Steers fed monensin consumed 6 % less feed, gained 9 % more weight (P< 0·05) and utilized feed 14% more efficiently (P< 0·05) than control animals. Amicloral, either alone or with monensin, lowered feed intake by 11 % (P< 0·05), had no effect on average daily gain and improved feed efficiency by about 12% (P< 0·05). There were no treatment effects on any of the carcass parameters.

scholarly journals PSI-26 The Effects of Probiotics on Growth and Metabolism in Ram Lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 274-274
Author(s):  
Alexis M Trench ◽  
Brandon I Smith ◽  
Jenna E Feyler ◽  
Sharon L Aborn ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Ram Lambs

Abstract Probiotic treatment can improve feed efficiency, increase growth, and alter blood components in small ruminants. Several commercial probiotics are available, but they vary in microorganisms resulting in different effects on growth and health. We hypothesized that Probios (Menomonie, Wisconsin) powder would increase growth, feed efficiency, and alter blood metabolites in ram lambs from 2 to 6 months of age. Twenty individually housed Shropshire ram lambs (average age 59.85 ± 2.74 days) were randomly assigned to a control or probiotic treatment group. Lambs were fed lamb concentrate (17.2% CP, 3.56 Mcal/kg) at 3.6% of their body weight and ad libitum hay (16.2% CP, 2.53 Mcal/Kg). Probios (10g) was fed once daily in concentrate of the probiotic group. Feed intake (FI) was determined daily and body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), feed:gain (F:G), and average daily gain (ADG) were determined weekly. At weeks 0 and 16, heart girth (HG) and crown-rump length (CRL) were measured and ultrasonography of back fat (BF) and loin-eye area (LEA) was performed. Blood samples were collected biweekly. Week 16 blood metabolites were determined using Food Animal Maxi Panel (Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory). Plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined at weeks 0, 6, and 16. Data were analyzed using SAS. Statistical significance was considered at P≤ 0.05. As a result of time, BW, BCS, ADG, FI, and F:G increased for all animals (P &lt; 0.0001). No effect of treatment was observed for growth, feed efficiency, or oxidative stress measurements (P ≥ 0.33). Plasma albumin concentration increased by 12.66% (P = 0.02) and magnesium concentration increased by 5.83% (P = 0.01) as a result of treatment. Treatment had no effect on other measured blood metabolites. Probios powder did not alter growth but did alter blood metabolites in these lambs. Future studies should examine more effects of Probios on metabolism in growing lambs.

FEEDING OF DEHYDRATED POULTRY MANURE TO STEERS ON PERFORMANCE, BLOOD AND URINE PARAMETERS AND LIVER DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYME ACTIVITIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. KINZELL ◽  
M. T. YOKOYAMA ◽  
L. R. SHULL ◽  
C. J. FLEGAL ◽  
J. R. ANSTEAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme

The effects of feeding dehydrated poultry manure (DPM) to steers during a 180-day finishing period on performance, blood and urine parameters and liver drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were evaluated and compared to control steers fed a conventional diet. No significant treatment differences were observed for average daily gain, daily dry matter intake and feed efficiency; however, steers fed the DPM diet had a slightly higher dry matter intake and a lower feed efficiency. Aside from an initial refusal of the DPM diet and a moderate diarrhoea during the last month of the study there were no clinical signs of toxicity. Blood and urine parameters examined showed no abnormal differences, fluctuations or trends between steers fed either the DPM or control diet. There was no evidence of pathological changes attributable to DPM feeding in gross or histological examinations. Liver microsomal cytochrome-P-450-dependent drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were not influenced by the feeding of DPM. With the exception of rib eye area, which was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) for steers fed the DPM diet, carcass traits were not affected. Key words: Poultry manure, steers, performance, metabolic parameters

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