Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of the Activity of Xylanase in Animal Feed Additives and in Animal Feedingstuffs

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Dillon ◽  
K. Filer ◽  
M. Gaffney ◽  
C.A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Animal Feeds

SummaryExogenous carbohydrases are commonly added to monogastric feed to help degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). This action can increase the nutrient availability of feedingstuffs and decrease digestive disturbances, thus improving animal performance. This in turn can lead to improved feed conversion efficiency in meat and egg production. In light of the benefits associated with dietary xylanase inclusion, so too has it become increasingly relevant to quantity them in poultry feed premixtures with additional enzyme activities and directly in compound feed. Hitherto, the analysis of the activity of xylanase in animal feeds has proved difficult. Despite the widespread acceptance of the DNS method for the quantification of xylanase activity, it is not without limitations which can lead to erroneous under- or over-estimation of activity, and is particularly variable depending on the feed matrix wherein it is measured. The current method validation examined the following parameters: linearity, precision, uncertainty, sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) and the experiments were designed to highlight any interference from protease co-ingredients and possible matrix effects in various types of supplemented feed. The assay method described is convenient and inexpensive and could be applied to the rapid and routine analysis of xylanases in animal feeds during quality control and in investigating fraudulent adulteration of feed to ensure the authenticity and traceability of the product.

Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of the Activity of Protease in Animal Feed Additives and in Animal Feedingstuffs

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Dillon ◽  
K. Filer ◽  
C.A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Animal Feeds

SummaryThe nutrient availability in animal feeds can be improved by including exogenous enzymes to the feed, either by helping breakdown anti-nutritional factors or by increasing digestibility of complex ingredients thereby releasing more nutrients for utilisation. This process can improve the efficiency of meat and egg production, increase animal health, decrease feeding costs and reduce nutrients in animal waste. Proteases are protein-digesting enzymes that are used in animal nutrition to break down storage proteins in various plant materials and proteinaceous anti-nutrients in vegetable proteins. The analysis of exogenous proteases in feed additives and after they have been added to feed has proven technically challenging. Accordingly, the purpose of this work was to validate a method for the determination of the activity of protease in animal feed additives and supplemented animal feed. The approach used for the assay was to adapt an assay based on the hydrolysis of haemoglobin. The method validations examined a range of parameters including; linearity & range; uncertainty, sensitivity, accuracy and studies designed to highlight any possible matrix effects on various types of supplemented feed. The assay method described herein is convenient and inexpensive and could be applied to the analysis of proteases in animal feeds during quality control and in investigating fraudulent adulteration of feed to ensure the authenticity and traceability of the product.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Wen Yang Chuang ◽  
Yun Chen Hsieh ◽  
Tzu-Tai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Functional Components

As probiotics, fungi enhance animal health and are suitable animal feed additives. In addition to brewing fungi, there are also edible and medicinal fungi. Common fungi utilized in feeding programs include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Pleurotus spp., Antrodia cinnamomea, and Cordyceps militaris. These fungi are rich in glucans, polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenes, ergosterol, adenosine, and laccases. These functional components play important roles in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immune system regulation. As such, fungal feed additives could be of potential use when breeding livestock. In previous studies, fungal feed additives enhanced body weight and egg production in poultry and improved the feed conversion rate. Several mycotoxins can be produced by hazardous fungi but fortunately, the cell walls constituents and enzymes of fungal probiotics can also act to decrease the toxicity of mycotoxins. Overall, fungal feed additives are of value, but their safety and usage must be studied further, including cost-benefit economic analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of corn substitution with Enzymated apple pomace on broiler production performance and percentage internal organ of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Irfan H Djunaidi ◽  
Muharlien Muharlien ◽  
Yuli Frita Nuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

Corn is a feedstuff that use as a major component of energy sources and hard to be replaced other feedstuff in poultry ration, even its use is always above 45% in the composition of poultry feed. However, domestic maize availability is limited and the price is changes depend on season harvest time, and most of the availability for animal feed is still imported. Besides that, there is a ban on the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in poultry feed and drinking water effectively since January 2018, so an effort is needed to replace AGP with natural feed additives or Natural growth promoters (NGP). Based on the above conditions, it is necessary to make efforts to replace corn with local feed ingredients, one of which is apple extraction pomace (apple pomaces). The pomace of apple extraction, if left unchecked, will quickly rot so that it will potentially as an environmental pollutant. The potential of apple pomace extract can be used as a feed ingredient with high sugar and energy content (2300 kcal/kg BK). This research was conducted in the Field Laboratory of Sumber Sekar, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural Technology Laboratory, Brawijaya University. The experiment used 192 DOC broilers and placed them in 8 postal cages per replication. Research on Enzymanted apple pomaces (EAP) as a substitute for corn used a completely randomized design (CRD) P0: basal feed, P1: substitution of EAP 5%, P2: substitution of EAP 10%, P3: substitution of EAP 15%. The variables observed were the production performances include (feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ration) and the % internal organs. Based on the research, the results were not significantly different on the production performances and the % of organs in broilers. The use of apple pomaces can be used as a substitute for broiler feed up to a level of 15%.

Effects of fibrolytic enzymes in corn or barley diets on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
V. J. H. Sewalt
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes

A study was conducted to establish whether fibrolytic enzyme feed additives influence performance of feedlot cattle fed high grain diets, and to compare the effects of feeding diets of barley or corn on performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (408 kg) were offered high concentrate diets (95.1%, dry matter basis), consisting mainly of barley and barley silage or corn and corn silage. Concentrates were treated with either no enzyme or one of two enzyme mixtures. Calves were slaughtered after a 103- to 145-d feeding period at an average weight of 570 kg and 10.8 mm of backfat. Barley-fed calves grew faster (1.45 vs. 1.29 kg d−1), ate more dry matter (DM; 9.79 vs. 9.31 kg d−1), and converted DM to gain (6.85 vs. 7.35 kg DM kg−1gain) more efficiently compared with corn-fed calves (P < 0.001). Meat from barley-fed calves tended to be more highly marbled and was brighter in colour than meat from corn-fed calves, but diet had no effect on muscle score, rib eye area, or carcass leanness. Effect of enzymes differed for corn and barley diets; Enzyme 1, a preparation with higher xylanase activity than Enzyme 2, improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of barley diets by 11% over the finishing period, but enzyme treatments had no such effect for corn diets. Fibrolytic enzymes can be used to improve the digestibility of barley-based diets, but are not advantageous for corn diets. Further work is necessary to determine optimum formulation and level of application of enzyme preparations for use in barley diets. Further study of the differences in carcass characteristics of cattle fed barley or corn diets is warranted to substantiate the trends observed on this limited group of animals. Key words: Feedlot cattle, barley, corn, enzymes, cellulase, xylanase

scholarly journals Preliminary study on exploration of seaweed for an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in poultry feed additives.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipsheta Bose ◽  
T. Sujatha ◽  
Rahul Singh ◽  
Jai Sunder ◽  
Gayatri Samaddar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Renewable Biomass

Abstract Seaweed (known as the marine algae) has a tradition of being part of the animal feed in the coastal areas, from ancient times. Seaweed, are mixed with animal feed, because when consumed alone can have some negative effects on the animal. Seaweed are very rich in useful metabolite (pigments, carotenoids, phlorotannin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, agar, alginate and carrageenan) and minerals (iodine, zinc sodium calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium), being considered as a natural source of additives that can substitute the antibiotic usage in various animals. Inclusion of naturally available material in poultry feed additive can have a positive influence on the poultry performance and enrich the quality of their by product. As an easily available and renewable biomass rich in biologically active compounds, seaweeds can meet this demand. Different forms of seaweed powder from naturally occurring biomass, cultivated or waste biomass, extracted compounds, post extraction residues or liquid extracts may be used in poultry feeding. This study describes the nutritional values of seaweeds and their effects in poultry feed additive, and to what extent their unique properties can serve as an alternative to antibody growth promoter.

scholarly journals Use of Agro-Industrial By-Products in Animal Feed at Modern and Semi-Modern Farms of Urban Community of Niamey (UCN): State Places

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ousseini M. M. Mouctari ◽  
Mahamadou Chaibou ◽  
Moustapha I. Sitou ◽  
Abdoul Razak I. Tondi ◽  
Mani Mamman
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
By Products

<em>The study was conducted in Urban Community of Niamey at modern and semi-modern farms provided an overview use of agro-industrial by-products in animal feed. Among 57 farms only 17 farms, including 10 beef farms, 2 sheep farms and 5 poultry farms were systematically surveyed. All farm managers are men. 60 and 33% are respectively officials at the level of poultry farms and ruminant farms. Farmers make up 25%, all of which own beef farms. There is also a predominance of adults, 60% at poultry level and 58.33% at ruminant farms. We note the use of a variety of agro-industrial by-products in animal feeds, in this case by-products derived from vegetable processing (wheat bran, exfoliated cotton cake) and animal processing (fish and fish meal ...). There are also some concentrates for poultry feed. Agribusiness by-products are increasingly used in urban livestock production but their valorization needs to be improved.</em>

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pendapatan Peternak Bebek Melalui Pelatihan Pakan Ternak Dan Kewirausahaan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Pasca Dwi Putra ◽  
Hidir Efendi ◽  
Wasis Wuyung Wisnu Brata
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
The Right

ABSTRAK                Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan teknologi tepat guna dalam menghasilkan pakan ternak yang lebih sehat dan alami serta mengurangi penggunaan pakan ternak yang berasal dari pelet. Oleh karena itu, pelatihan dan penyuluhan pembuatan pakan ternak dapat mengurangi biaya pakan ternak dan dapat meningkatkan jumlah produksi telur bebek. Disamping itu, adanya pelatihan ketrampilan bagi peternak dapat meningkatkan kemampuan peternak dalam perencanaan keuangan dan kewirausahaan sehingga peternak dapat lebih mandiri.  Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya penggunaan teknologi tepat guna dalam menghasilkan pakan ternak yang alami dapat meningkatkan jumlah telur bebek yang dihasilkan serta membuat bebek lebih tahan terhadap penyakit dan perubahan cuaca. Disamping itu, adanya pembuatan pakan ternak dapat mengurani pengeluaran peternak bebek sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak dari sebelumnya. Pelatihan dan penyuluhan manajemen keuangan dan kewirausahaan juga meningkatkan ketrampilan peternak dalam perencanaan keuangan dan pemasaran telur bebek sehingga dapat meningkatkan penjualan. Penggunaan teknologi dapat mengurangi ketergantungan peternak dalam penggunaan pelet dan meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa pakan ternak yang dihasilkan sendiri dapat mengurangi dan mengganti pakan ternak yang berasal dari pelet, pelatihan perencanaan keuangan dapat merencanakan usaha peternak kedepan, dan adanya variasi produk dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Kata Kunci :   Pakan Ternak, Teknologi Tepat Guna, Kewirausahaan, Manajemen Keuangan, Variasi Produk. ABSTRACTThe purpose of community service is to provide the right technology to produce healthier and more natural animal feed and to reduce the use of poultry feed originating from pellets. Therefore, training and counseling of livestock feed can reduce the cost of animal feed and can increase the amount of duck egg production. In addition, the skill training for farmers can improve the capability of farmers in financial planning and entrepreneurship so that farmers can be more independent. The results of this dedication show that the use of appropriate technology in the production of natural livestock feed can increase the number of duck eggs produced and make ducks more resistant to disease and weather changes. In addition, the creation of animal feed can reduce the expense of duck breeders so as to increase the income of farmers from the previous. Training and counseling of financial and entrepreneurial management also improves farmers' skills in financial planning and marketing of duck eggs so as to increase sales. The use of technology can reduce the dependence of farmers in the use of pellets and increase the income of farmers. These community service activities demonstrate that self-produced livestock can reduce and replace poultry feeds from pellets, financial planning training can plan future farmers, and the variety of products can increase farmers' income. Keywords : Animal Feed, Appropriate Technology, Entrepreneurship, Financial Management, Variaty Product

scholarly journals Profitability and forward linkage analysis of poultry feed mill in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
MA Haque ◽  
M Akteruzzaman ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
S Haque
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Forward Linkage ◽  
Feed Mill

The study aims to examine the profitability and forward linkage analysis of poultry feed covering Dhaka, Gazipur, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj and Mymensingh districts. In total 30 feed mills which categorized such as high, medium and low quality on the basis of feed conversion ratio along with 45 dealers; 15 sub-dealers and 120 farmers purposively. The primary data were collected during March 2013 to March 2014 by using survey schedule, KII and FGD. In addition, the secondary data were collected from different government documents. It is evident that the cost of feed was found Tk. 39295, Tk. 38643 and Tk. 37218 per MT (metric ton) respectively for high, medium and low quality feed mills. The gross returns were found Tk. 43160, Tk. 42330 and Tk. 40500 per MT and gross margin was Tk. 6486, Tk. 5957 and Tk. 5285 per MT respectively. The net returns were found Tk. 3865, Tk. 3687and Tk. 3279.2 per MT respectively. It indicates that total gross return, gross margin and net return of high quality feed mill is higher than medium and low quality feed mill. It is also evident that about 60% of raw materials were purchased from Dinajpur, Rangpur, Rajshahi, Jamalpur and coastal areas namely Bagergerhat, Chittagong and Khulna where as 100 percent of feed additives were imported. The unavailability of raw materials was the major problems for feed mills operation which influenced feed price and quality. If these problems could be solved within a reasonable time, stakeholders’ would be able to get more benefits and run business smoothly.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 201-208, December 2016

scholarly journals L-lysine determination in animal feed using microbiological microtiter plate assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
S. JAKŠIĆ ◽  
I. JAJIĆ ◽  
S. KRSTOVIĆ ◽  
Ž. MIHALJEV
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Determination Limit ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Feed Samples

Chromatographic methods are most commonly used for the analysis of amino acids; however, there is growing need for faster, simpler and more price-effective assays. In this paper, the applicability of a rapid microbiological assay for quantification of the total content of L-lysine in feed samples was evaluated. The assay relies on the dependency of bacterial growth of Pediococcus acidilactici on the presence of L-lysine. Microbiological microtiter plate assay method for the quantitative determination of total (added and natural) L-lysine in feed samples has been verified, and parameters such as accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of determination were evaluated. Results of total L-lysine determination in different feed samples have been compared with results of validated HPLC method. The microbiological microtiter plate assay method can be employed as a qualitative and quantification method for total L-lysine determination with detection and determination limit of 0.040 % and 0.085 %, respectively. However, further research on the influence of sample matrix on the determination of low lysine levels is required.

scholarly journals Halalan Toyyiban Poultry Feed: an Appraisal from the Maqasid Shariah Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Amalina Mohd Ashraf ◽  
Fadilah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Animal feed is one of the essential elements in the production of Halal food products. In choosing animal-based Halal food products, a Muslim should be concerned not only about the sources of the animals and the slaughtering process, but also the way the animals were raised and fed. This is due to the emerging issues related to animal feeding, in which animals were being fed with unsuitable, unnatural feed, mainly because of the so-called ‘economic considerations’. Nevertheless, even though animal feed is an important element in Halal animal production, the position of Halalan toyyiban (permissible and safe) feed has often been neglected and less attention has been given to this matter. Halalan toyyiban poultry feed promises Halal and safe poultry meat and eggs for human consumption according to the injunctions of Shariah. Review of the literatures show that Halalan toyyiban issues include among others the issue of feed containing of non-Halal ingredients or filth, the development of pathogenic enteric microbes through antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria in feed, genetically modified feed (GMF), the accumulation of mycotoxin, dioxin, heavy metals, pesticides and both medicated and non-medicated feed additives in poultry meat and eggs as well as physical hazards in farming areas. This paper attempts to examine the position of poultry feed from the Shariah point of view. More specifically, it appraises the position of current practice in poultry feed production from the Maqasid Shariah (Objectives of the Shariah) perspective. In so doing, it first reviews some of the literatures that highlight the emerging Halal and safety issues surrounding poultry feed. This is then followed by the description of the meaning and concept of Maqasid Shariah. Finally, the position of current practices in poultry feed production and feeding is appraised from the Maqasid Shariah viewpoint. It is further recommended that the safety, quality, cleanliness and the ingredients used in the production of animal feed must be regulated so as to ensure that poultry meat and its produce meet the safety requirements. To protect the interest of the Muslim consumers particularly in Malaysia, it is also recommended that a Halal standard for Animal Feed Production should be developed. By having this standard, growers of Halal livestock can have choices of feed and further, Muslim consumers can be rest assured that the poultry meats or its produce that they consumed are truly Halal.  

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