Anxiety and depression among patients with alcohol dependence: co-morbid or substance-related problems?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gallagher ◽  
Z. Radmall ◽  
C. O’Gara ◽  
T. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Alcohol Problem ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Treatment Entry ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Morbid Conditions

ObjectivesThere are conflicting reports on the levels of anxiety and depression in individuals with alcohol problems and whether these conditions are substance-related or independent of the alcohol problem. The aim of this study was to characterise rates of co-morbid psychiatric symptoms among a group of individuals commencing treatment for alcohol dependence, and to examine the stability of these symptoms following treatment of the alcohol problem.MethodsSymptoms of anxiety and depression were examined in a group of individuals (n=93) undergoing residential treatment for alcohol dependence. Symptoms were measured at treatment entry and again at treatment completion using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory – II.ResultsHigh levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were reported at treatment entry, but on completion of treatment (28 days later) the majority of participants were no longer reporting symptoms suggestive of a possible co-morbid condition.ConclusionsThe significant change in rates of reported symptoms following completion of treatment suggests that a large proportion of symptoms reported at treatment entry were substance related. Diagnosing co-morbid conditions is best left until after a period of abstinence during which the alcohol problem has been treated. Assessing for co-morbidity at time of treatment seeking is likely to result in inappropriate co-morbid diagnoses being made and inappropriate or unnecessary treatments being prescribed for such individuals.

Effectiveness of a national ‘Minnesota Model’ based residential treatment programme for alcohol dependence in Ireland: outcomes and predictors of outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gallagher ◽  
Z. Radmall ◽  
C. O’Gara ◽  
T. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Treatment Entry ◽  
Minnesota Model

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were (a) to examine the effectiveness of an inpatient treatment programme for alcohol dependence based on the ‘Minnesota Model’ and (b) to examine potential predictors of outcomes from such treatment.MethodsDemographics and data relating to psychosocial functioning of a group of individuals who commenced treatment for alcohol dependence were gathered at the point of treatment entry. These individuals were then followed up 6 months after they were to complete their inpatient treatment to establish their alcohol-related outcomes. Outcomes from treatment were identified as an index of treatment effectiveness and the outcome data were analysed to determine whether any of the baseline variables could be used to predict outcomes from treatment.ResultsOf those who were contacted at 6-month follow-up, 81.5% had a ‘good outcome’. This represented 66.7% of the total group who participated in the study. The only variable that was found to predict outcomes at 6-month follow-up was severity of alcohol dependence at treatment entry, with more severe alcohol problems associated with poorer outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the potential for a Minnesota-based treatment programme to be effective in helping people with alcohol dependence to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume and sustain this reduction beyond the treatment period.

scholarly journals A study of psychiatric co-morbidity among alcohol dependents

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4490
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kanwar ◽  
Ravi C. Sharma ◽  
Dinesh D. Sharma ◽  
Neeraj Kanwar
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: The alcohol use disorders are frequently associated with other co-morbid psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic variables, drinking history and psychiatric co-morbidity in alcohol dependent subjects.Methods: In this study, 40 consecutive patients were enrolled. After a minimum 1 month of sobriety, patients who fulfilled ICD-10 criteria of alcohol dependence were interviewed for data collection using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (Version-6.0) and a specially designed sociodemographic and clinical interview proforma. Subjects with substance use except tobacco were excluded from study. Main group comparison used chi-square test for categorical variables and the t-test for continuous variables.Results: Most of the patients studied were >40 years of age. Majority were employed (92%), lived in nuclear families (78%) and came from rural background (77.5%). Forty five percent of the patients initiated alcohol drinking between 16-25 years and reported peer pressure (50%) as most significant factor responsible for initiation of drinking alcohol. Mean age of developing alcohol dependence was 25.12 years (SD=4.28). Mean AUDIT score for subjects was 27.7 (SD=4.73). Lifetime psychiatric co-morbid disorders were detected in 45%. Psychiatric disorders most frequently associated with alcohol dependence were major depressive disorder (10%), bipolar affective disorder (7.5%), dysthymia (5%), anxiety disorders (7.5%) and antisocial personality disorder (5%).Conclusion: The study indicates that psychiatric disorders are prevalent in alcohol dependents and mood disorders are the most prevalent ones. It was also observed that co-morbid psychiatric disorders are associated with more severe alcohol problems.

scholarly journals Genetic origins of the association between verbal ability and alcohol dependence symptoms in young adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Latvala ◽  
A. Tuulio-Henriksson ◽  
D. M. Dick ◽  
E. Vuoksimaa ◽  
R. J. Viken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Alcohol Problem ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundCognitive deficits in alcohol dependence (AD) have been observed, poorer verbal ability being among the most consistent findings. Genetic factors influence both cognitive ability and AD, but whether these influences overlap is not known.MethodA subset of 602 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from FinnTwin16, a population-based study of Finnish twins, was used to study the associations of verbal ability with DSM-III-R diagnosis and symptoms of AD, the maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24-h period, and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI) scores. These twins, most of them selected for within-pair discordance or concordance for their RAPI scores at age 18.5 years, were studied with neuropsychological tests and interviewed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) in young adulthood (mean age 26.2 years, range 23–30 years).ResultsAll alcohol problem measures were associated with lower scores on the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS-R), a measure of verbal ability. In bivariate genetic models, Vocabulary and the alcohol problem measures had moderate heritabilities (0.54–0.72), and their covariation could be explained by correlated genetic influences (genetic correlations −0.20 to −0.31).ConclusionsPoorer verbal ability and AD have partly overlapping biological etiology. The genetic and environmental influences on the development of cognitive abilities, alcohol problems and risk factors for AD should be studied further with prospective longitudinal designs.

Co-morbidity of psychiatric/physical disorders with alcohol abuse/dependence in a sample of clients of the emergency department of the psychiatric hospital of Attica–Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S314-S314
Author(s):  
D. Tsaklakidou ◽  
I. Rizavas ◽  
V. Efstathiou ◽  
C. Christodoulou ◽  
A. Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Disorders

IntroductionIncreased coexistence of psychiatric symptoms in patients with alcohol abuse/addiction is highlighted in the literature. Equally high is the coexistence of physical illnesses due to the harmful effects of alcohol.AimsTo record the profile and the characteristics of individuals with psychiatric/somatic co-morbidity who attend the psychiatric emergency department/(PED) of the largest psychiatric hospital in Greece.Methods/ResultsA total of 1058 individuals, with a mean age of 44.4 years, were identified having alcohol problems in a five-year time period (2010–2015) in the context of the PED, while the majority of them was found to have psychiatric co-morbidity. The most common diagnosis was psychotic syndromes (24.2%), followed by affective (23.8%), personality (12.5%), and somatoform and anxiety disorders (6.3%). About 3% of the sample presented acute alcohol poisoning or severe withdrawal symptoms, coexistence with severe somatic disease and organic mental disorders. More than a third (37%) of them had to be hospitalized, while the involuntary hospitalization rates (21%) were higher than the voluntary ones (16%). Finally, 13.65% suffered from co-morbid somatic diseases with need of immediate emergency and hospital care.ConclusionsThe abuse and/or dependence of alcohol are largely associated with the coexistence of psychiatric and physical diseases. The psychiatric and physical co-morbidity, as regards attendance and hospitalization–involuntary and voluntary–, present a higher rate in men (86%) and mainly affects people of productive age. Additional data are needed to explore detailed factors that could contribute to a better design of more appropriate services for patients with alcohol use disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

MODELING BINGE DRINKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250005 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE MULONE ◽  
BRIAN STRAUGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Alcohol Problem ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
Four Component Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Endemic State

We develop a two-stage (four component) model for youths with serious drinking problems and their treatment. The youths with alcohol problems are split into two classes, namely those who admit to having a problem and those who do not. It is shown that the model possesses two steady states, one where people have no alcohol problems and one where there is an endemic state involving those with an alcohol problem. The stability of these states is analyzed and a threshold established such that each state will be stable depending on whether the incidence rate is above or below the threshold. The model is analyzed in the context of actual data.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

Family Environment and Its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression: A Study on Heart Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Meena Jain ◽  
Saloni Chandalia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

This research paper deals with the Family Environment and its Correlation with Anxiety and Depression level among persons with Heart Disease. There had been a number of researches that investigated that ischemic heart disease patients who suffer significant anxiety have close to a 5-fold increased risk of experiencing frequent angina and those with depression have more than a 3-fold increased risk for these episodes. This observed link between psychiatric symptoms and angina underlines the importance of treating anxiety and depression in cardiac patients, according to study co author Dr Mark D Sullivan (University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle). To gather the needed data, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Becks Depression Inventory were used. As stated from literatures, for people with heart dysfunction, depression and anxiety can increase the risk of an adverse cardiac event such as a heart attack or blood clots. For people who do not have heart disease, depression and anxiety can also increase the risk of a heart attack and development of coronary artery disease. Researchers have also emphasized on the role of family psychosocial environment and its positive association with the Coronary Heart Disease risk.

Dimensions of neuroses seen in primary-care settings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
K. Bridges ◽  
P. Duncan–Jones ◽  
D. Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Severe Manifestation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Highly Correlated

SynopsisThis study uses methods of latent trait analysis to examine the relationships between psychiatric symptoms that constitute the common psychiatric disorders encountered in primary-care settings. Two highly correlated symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression are shown to underlie these disorders. Neurovegetative sysmptoms of depression are shown to be on the same dimension as psychic symptoms of depression, but to represent a more severe manifestation of depression.

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