Solarization to control downy brome (Bromus tectorum) for small-scale ecological restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Orr ◽  
Ron J. Reuter ◽  
Shanti J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
A Site ◽  
And Control

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a common impediment to ecological restoration, because its seedbank remains viable after repeated treatment with herbicides. Soil solarization has been used in ecological restoration to control seedbanks of invasive plants. Here we test the efficacy of soil solarization to reduce B. tectorum cover and establish native plants at a site in B. tectorum’s core invasive range with a long history of disturbance and infestation. Solarization raised soil temperatures by as much as 13 C and reduced B. tectorum densities by approximately 20-fold. In 30 plots solarized for 0 to 101 d, B. tectorum emerged in inverse abundance to treatment duration. Broadleaf weeds were less abundant than B. tectorum before treatment, and diminished under solarization, but their response to solarization was weaker than B. tectorum’s, and they emerged in greater numbers than B. tectorum 2 to 3 yr after treatment. When seeded after solarization, a native perennial bunchgrass, squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey], did not differ in abundance between solarized and control plots. Solarization may facilitate B. tectorum control on a small scale without jeopardizing the establishment of native plants, but only if treatment durations are long and subsequent management of broadleaf weeds and remnant B. tectorum is planned.

Effectiveness and Cost of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control at High Elevation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Concilio
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Practical Feasibility ◽  
Cover Density

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorum) is an invasive, annual grass that has spread through much of the Great Basin desert but remains patchy at high elevation. This study evaluates control options for outlier infestations in the eastern Sierra Nevada, CA, based on their ecological effectiveness and their economic and practical feasibility. I tested the efficacy of hand-pulling, sheet-mulching, and soil solarization followed by broadcast and seedball seeding of native forbs and grasses. Downy brome cover, density, and dominance in the seed bank decreased with all removal treatments. Soil solarization and sheet mulching were most successful at eliminating downy brome (decreasing density by 99% after just 1 yr of treatment in both cases), but they had negative nontarget impacts on other herbaceous species. Germination of native seeds was low with both broadcast and seedball seeding, probably because of dry conditions. Each of the methods tested has potential for decreasing or eliminating small-scale, outlier infestations of downy brome along roadsides and in disturbed sites and thereby helping to contain the invasion.

Microsite Requirements for Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Infestation and Control on Sagebrush Rangelands

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Evans ◽  
James A. Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
And Control

The sagebrush (Artemisia)-grass ecosystem is an extensive and important rangeland type in the western United States. Estimates of total area of this ecosystem vary from 38 million ha (21, 22) to 109 million ha (3). Of the sagebrush-grass rangelands, 88% are degraded to the point that they are producing 50% or less of their forage potential (22). Low forage production on these rangelands has been caused by overgrazing and other past land abuses (24) resulting in severe depletion of native perennial grasses, dominance of brush, and, on millions of hectares, downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) dominance of the understory.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 75. Bromus tectorum L.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA ◽  
DOUGLAS McILVRIDE ◽  
ROY TURKINGTON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
And Control

Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome), introduced to North America from Europe before 1861, has spread throughout most of the continent. It is present in all Canadian provinces except Newfoundland and is particularly abundant in southwestern Alberta and southern British Columbia. The ubiquitous nature of B. tectorum and its dual role as a serious weed and an important forage have resulted in extensive documentation on various aspects of its biology. Intensive research efforts have been expended in understanding its competitive success, and in implementing management and control practices. This paper reviews and summarizes literature on the biology of B. tectorum.Key words: Bromus tectorum, downy brome, cheatgrass, weed biology

Präzisions-Forstwirtschaft – was ist das? | Precision forestry – what's that?

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (8) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Rudolf Heinimann
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Precision Forestry ◽  
And Control

The term «precision forestry» was first introduced and discussed at a conference in 2001. The aims of this paper are to explore the scientific roots of the precision concept, define «precision forestry», and sketch the challenges that the implementation of this new concept may present to practitioners, educators, and researchers. The term «precision» does not mean accuracy on a small scale, but instead refers to the concurrent coordination and control of processes at spatial scales between 1 m and 100 km. Precision strives for an automatic control of processes. Precision land use differs from precision engineering by the requirements of gathering,storing and managing spatio-temporal variability of site and vegetation parameters. Practitioners will be facing the challenge of designing holistic, standardized business processes that are valid for whole networks of firms,and that follow available standards (e.g., SCOR, WoodX). There is a need to educate and train forestry professionals in the areas of business process re-engineering, computer supported management of business transactions,methods of remote sensing, sensor technology and control theory. Researchers will face the challenge of integrating plant physiology, soil physics and production sciences and solving the supply chain coordination problem (SCCP).

The Artificial Pancreas in Cyborg Bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 412-430
Author(s):  
Anthony Ryan Hatch ◽  
Julia T. Gordon ◽  
Sonya R. Sternlieb
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
And Control

The new artificial pancreas system includes a body-attached blood glucose sensor that tracks glucose levels, a worn insulin infusion pump that communicates with the sensor, and features new software that integrates the two systems. The artificial pancreas is purportedly revolutionary because of its closed-loop design, which means that the machine can give insulin without direct patient intervention. It can read a blood sugar and administer insulin based on an algorithm. But, the hardware for the corporate artificial pancreas is expensive and its software code is closed-access. Yet, well-educated, tech-savvy diabetics have been fashioning their own fully automated do-it-yourself (DIY) artificial pancreases for years, relying on small-scale manufacturing, open-source software, and inventive repurposing of corporate hardware. In this chapter, we trace the corporate and DIY artificial pancreases as they grapple with issues of design and accessibility in a content where not everyone can become a diabetic cyborg. The corporate artificial pancreas offers the cyborg low levels of agency and no ownership and control over his or her own data; it also requires access to health insurance in order to procure and use the technology. The DIY artificial pancreas offers patients a more robust of agency but also requires high levels of intellectual capital to hack the devices and make the system work safely. We argue that efforts to increase agency, radically democratize biotechnology, and expand information ownership in the DIY movement are characterized by ideologies and social inequalities that also define corporate pathways.

Miniature Bioreactors for Rapid Bioprocess Development of Mammalian Cell Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmi Sani ◽  
Frank Baganz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Mammalian Cell Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cell Culture Process ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Culture Process ◽  
And Control

At present, there are a number of commercial small scale shaken systems available on the market with instrumented controllable microbioreactors such as Micro–24 Microreactor System (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY) and M2P Biolector, (M2P Labs GmbH, Aachen, Germany). The Micro–24 system is basically an orbital shaken 24–well plate that operates at working volume 3 – 7 mL with 24 independent reactors (deep wells, shaken and sparged) running simultaneously. Each reactor is designed as single use reactor that has the ability to continuously monitor and control the pH, DO and temperature. The reactor aeration is supplied by sparging air from gas feeds that can be controlled individually. Furthermore, pH can be controlled by gas sparging using either dilute ammonia or carbon dioxide directly into the culture medium through a membrane at the bottom of each reactor. Chen et al., (2009) evaluated the Micro–24 system for the mammalian cell culture process development and found the Micro–24 system is suitable as scaledown tool for cell culture application. The result showed that intra-well reproducibility, cell growth, metabolites profiles and protein titres were scalable with 2 L bioreactors.

Ecological Restoration and Productive Recovery of Saline Environments from the Argentine Monte Desert Using Native Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-338
Author(s):  
Pablo E. Villagra ◽  
Carlos B. Passera ◽  
Silvina Greco ◽  
Carmen E. Sartor ◽  
Pablo A. Meglioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Saline Environments

Intimacies of Exchange

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Nodes

This chapter examines the flow of goods across and through Crimea in an attempt to understand the impact of Russian rule on the economic landscape. It focuses on the patterns of exchange and consumption, arguing for the significance of small-scale transactions for understanding the economic geography of the region. While Russian officials were eager to facilitate and control Black Sea trade, farmers and gardeners and craftsmen began participating in the system of overland markets and fairs that connected the southern provinces to merchants and consumers everywhere from Kharkov and Moscow to Nizhnii Novgorod and Kazan. The Crimean economy thus moved southward toward Constantinople and northward toward Moscow, yet the towns of the peninsula remained key nodes of consumption and production, the orchards and vineyards key sites of prosperity.

scholarly journals SMALL SCALE STUDIO SETUP (4S) CREATION : CURRENT TRENDS IN ANIMATION INDUSTRY ENTREPENEURSHIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azaini Abdul Manaf ◽  
Fytullah Hamzah ◽  
Azwan Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Learning ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Animation Industry ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
And Control

Self-employment and self-entrepreneurship activities among graduates in local and global economic trends lead to the birth of small scale animation studios. Government funding and business exposure in higher learning institutions are driving the young workforce to establish their own company rather than working for others. The current generations of graduates are very much in favor of entrepreneurship and begin to break away from the notion of stability in conventional professions due to the lack of flexible work-life balance and office benefits. Company ownership and financial freedom self-management remain the most recent phenomena in today's graduates. The idea of maintaining self-expression and control of the personal intellectual property is driving the young animator to venture into a small scale studio setup (4S).

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