Introduction History Influences Aboveground Biomass Allocation in Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley D. Erickson ◽  
Paul D. Pratt ◽  
Min B. Rayamajhi ◽  
Carol C. Horvitz
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Multiple introductions of an exotic species can facilitate invasion success by allowing for a wider range of expressed trait values in the adventive range. Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian peppertree) is an invasive shrub that was introduced into Florida in two separate introductions and has subsequently hybridized, resulting in three distinct lineages (eastern, western, and hybrid). To determine whether allocation of aboveground biomass differed by introduction history, we destructively sampled 257 stems from each of six populations with differing introduction histories. The proportion of aboveground biomass allocated to fruit, wood, and leaves differed among the three populations. To determine whether the relationship between stem size and several dependent variables that measure plant performance (total dry weight, wood dry weight, number of fruits, fruit dry weight, leaf dry weight, and number of leaves) differed quantitatively by introduction history, we performed analyses of covariance. Slopes of these relationships (dependent variable vs. stem size) varied by lineage. Hybrid populations had the steepest slopes for one set of dependent variables (total dry weight, wood dry weight, and leaf dry weight), while western populations had the steepest slopes for a different set of dependent variables (number of fruits, fruit dry weight, and number of leaves). The parameterized regression equations for each dependent variable and lineage were used to nondestructively estimate different kinds of production by individuals that are part of long-term longitudinal studies to understand the demographic consequences of these different biomass allocation strategies for the performance of S. terebinthifolius individuals across the invaded range in Florida.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI LEGUMINOSA PADA PEMOTONGAN KEDUA YANG DIPUPUK DENGAN BIO SLURRY

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Witariadi N.M. ◽  
Candraasih K.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Legume Plant ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study aims at determine the growth and production of legume on the second regrowth fertilized with bio slurry. The study was conducted by using a completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Legume plants are Centrocema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea are the first factor, and the second factor are dosage of bioslurry fertilizer: 10 tons / ha of bio slurry; 20 tons/ha of bio slurry; and 30 tons/ ha of bio slurry. Variables observed were: plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, dry weight of stem, leaf stem ratio, and total dry weight of forage. The results showed that there was interaction between fertilizer dosage and legume plant species on variables: number of branches, number of leaves, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of production, and leaf stem ratio. Interaction shows that the growth and production of forage legumes can be influenced by both bio slurry fertilizer and legume species either jointly or individually. Increasing of bio slurry dosage can increase growth and production of legume. It can be concluded that the best results were obtained on Clitoria ternatea with 30 tons/ha dosage of bio slurry. Keywords: growth, production, leguminous, bio slurry

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN LEGUMINOSA (Centrocema pubescens DAN Clitoria ternatea) YANG DIPUPUK DENGAN PUPUK BIO SLURRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
WITARIADI N. M. ◽  
N.N. CANDRAASIH K.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Legume Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study aims at determining the productivity of legume fertilized with bio slurry. The study was conductedby using a complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors as factorial design. The first factor is the type oflegume plants, namely Centrocema pubescen and Clitoria ternatea. The second factor is the dosage of bioslurryfertilizer such as fertilizer as control; 10 tons/ha of bioslurry fertilizer; 20 tons/ha of bioslurry fertilizer; 30 tons/ha of bio slurry fertilizer. Variables observed were growth (plant height, number of tillers, and number of leaves);production variables (leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of forage); and growthcharacteristics (leaf area, leaf dry weight ratio of dry weight rod, and ratio of the total dry weight of forage with rootdry weight). The results showed that the bio-slurry fertilizer increase productivity and legume plants (Centrocemapubescen and Clitoria ternatea). The differences of 10-30 tons/ha bioslurry treatment significantly (P<0.05)increase number of tillers, number of leaves, total forage dry weight, dry weight of leaf, stem dry weight, root dryweight, leaf area, ratio of total dry weight of forage with roots and leaves with the stem ratio). It can be concludedthat higher productivity of legume plants species found significantly (P<0.05) on Clitoria ternatea with 30 tons/hadosages of bioslurry fertilizer as the best result.

scholarly journals Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunu ◽  
M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Stalk Weight

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.

A study of growth in swards of timothy and meadow fescue. I. Uninterrupted growth

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

1. Swards of S. 48 timothy and S. 215 meadow fescue growing alone or together were sampled at intervals of 3 weeks throughout the season. The number and weight of leaves, stems and ears were determined, and leaf area was estimated.2. Despite high rainfall, the total number of tillers in both species declined from the beginning of the experiment until early July, but increased again from then onwards until the original complement had been approximately restored. The number of leaves failed to show a corresponding increase in the autumn because each tiller carried fewer leaves than earlier in the year.3. In the spring total dry weight increased more rapidly in meadow fescue than in timothy which in turn out-yielded meadow fescue later in the season. Both species attained their greatest dry weight soon after ear emergence, a period which was marked by considerable crop growth and relative growth rates.4. Leaf area index reached a maximum before total dry weight had increased to its highest level, but then declined in both species. Meadow fescue differed from timothy by producing a second crop of foliage after the summer with a leaf area index of about 7. This second rise appeared to be due mainly to increased leaf size in contrast to timothy whose leaves became progressively smaller towards the end of the season.5. The differences in growth between the species discussed with reference to their dates of ear emergence which in this experiment differed by about 6 weeks.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

Effect of Shade on Giant Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellery L. Knake
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Faberii ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field studies were conducted with giant foxtail(Setaria faberiiHerrm.) under shade intensities of 0, 30, 60, 70, 80, and 98%. Seed weight, dry weight of plant tops exclusive of seed, and total dry weight per plant decreased linearly with increasing shade intensities. These decreases were due primarily to decreases in number of leaves, number of stems per plant, and number of heads per plant. Height of main culm was less affected than other morphological characteristics. Shading affected the length of internodes but had little influence on number of internodes on the main culm. The amount of shade required to control giant foxtail completely, once it is established, appears to be above 95%. Expressed as 2-year means, plants grew to as much as 135 cm, had as many as 188 leaves, 41 stems, and 31 heads, and produced 73 g of dry matter per plant including 6 g of seed. Maximum number of seeds per head was 1405.

scholarly journals Screening of jute and kenaf varieties for salinity tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Md. Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽  
K M. Mehadi Hassan ◽  
Nowrose Jahan Lipi ◽  
Md Rafiq Uddin ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from April to August 2012 to examine the salinity tolerance of eight jute varieties (CVE-3, C-83, CVL-1, BJC-7370, O-795, O-9897, OM-1, O-72) and two kenaf varieties (HC-95 and HC-2). Initially germination of these varieties were evaluated under six salinity levels viz. 0mM, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, and 100mM NaCl in the seed laboratory of the Department of Agronomy. Afterwards, all the varieties was grown in pots in the net house under four salinity levels viz. 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, and 75mM. The results from the germination study revealed that under control condition (0mM NaCl) all the jute varieties showed germination more than 80% both at 7 and at 14 days after seed sowing, whereas kenaf varieties had germination a little less than 80%. Among the jute varieties, O-72 showed the highest germination (92%), which was statistically similar with those of OM-1(91%), O-795 (90%), and C-83(87%). Salinity stress decreased germination drastically in all of the jute and kenaf varieties. A salinity level of 100mM caused the highest germination inhibition (74.70%) in jute variety CVL-1, which was very close to those of BJC-7370 and O-72. On the other hand, the lowest germination inhibition (51.11%) was recorded in jute variety O-795. The results of the pot trail showed that the plant characters of jute and kenaf varieties were affected significantly by salinity stress. All the varieties produced their respective plant height, number of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight under control condition (no salinity). Among these varieties, CVE-3 produced the highest plant height (145.2cm), and total dry weight (22.55g), whereas O-72 produced the highest number of leaves per plant (24.67). All these plant characters decreased sharply due to salinity stress irrespective of variety. However, the rate of decrease of plant characters occurred differentially in the jute and kenaf varieties. The highest rate of decrease in number of leaves (74.22%) was found from the variety CVE-3, whereas the lowest one was recorded from the variety HC-2 (51.68%). Salinity stress caused the highest decrease in total plant dry weight (73.68%) in the variety CVL-1 and plant height (73.64%) also in the variety CVL-1. On the contrary, the lowest decrease in plant dry weight (50.99%) was found in the variety O-9897 and plant height also in variety O-9897 (50.88%). Based on the results from germination test and pot trail, it can be inferred that jute variety O-9897 appeared to be the most salt tolerant followed by O-795, HC-2, HC-95, CVE-3, O-72, C-83, BJC-7370, OM-1, and CVL-1.    

scholarly journals Endophytic Isolates of Cordyceps fumosorosea to Enhance the Growth of Solanum melongena and Reduce the Survival of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Tingfei Sun ◽  
Zhang Shen ◽  
Mobeen Shaukat ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study reports the effects of seed treatment with Cordyceps fumosorosea on seed germination, growth, colonization of eggplant (Solanum melongena), and growth of Bemisia tabaci (feeding on fungal colonized eggplant leaves). Germination rates of eggplant seeds were similar among different treatments. The growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, and number of leaves) differed significantly after 15, 30, and 60 days of seed treatment. The total dry weight of eggplant in response to treatment with C. fumosorosea isolates increased significantly when compared with the control. Both isolates of C. fumosorosea colonized different plant tissues, although the extent of colonization decreased during the experimental period. The colonization of eggplants by both C. fumosorosea isolates resulted in a significant reduction of B. tabaci incidence. This study possibly provides the first report of increased plant growth and increased insect mortality in eggplants inoculated with C. fumosorosea isolates.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Stevia Cuttings During Propagation with Hormones in Different Months of the Year

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Ma Claudia Castañeda-Saucedo ◽  
Ernesto Tapia-Campos ◽  
Jessica del Pilar Ramírez-Anaya ◽  
Jaqueline Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Stevia is an important non-caloric sweetener that has health-beneficial properties. The objective is to evaluate growth, development, and rooting of stevia plants during different seasons of the year using growth hormones. Eight experiments were set up in Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco, Mexico, with three treatments (T): T1, indol-3 butyric acid (IBA) 7.4 mM; T2, alphanaphthylacetamide (ANA) 6.4 mM + IBA 0.3 mM; and T3, control. The variables evaluated were rooted plantlets, plant height, root length, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, shoot biomass, total biomass, as well as development and growth indexes. Four samplings were conducted in each experiment. The results show that the most appropriate months for propagating stevia cuttings are February, March, April, May, and July, when 96% to 99% of the cuttings rooted. The hormones had the best results related to production of root development. The control was outstanding only in variables related to production of shoot biomass and not to root development. It is concluded that stevia can be propagated vegetatively using cuttings treated with IBA 7.4 mM or ANA 6.4 mM + IBA 0.3 mM, preferable in the period from February to July, with the exception of June.

scholarly journals Effect of Reclaimed Water and Drought on Salt-sensitive Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095B-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Chilopsis Linearis ◽  
Canopy Size ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Four species of salt-sensitive perennials (Chilopsis linearis, Tecoma stans, Salviagreggii, and Verbena pulchella gracilior) were grown in containers and were irrigated with potable or reclaimed water. Electrical conductivity (EC) was 0.3 dS·m-1 for potable irrigation water and 1.0 dS·m-1 for reclaimed irrigation water. After 12 weeks of growing plants with reclaimed vs. potable water, C. linearis leaf dry weight was reduced by 15%, T. stans root dry weight was reduced by 41%, V. puchella gracilior stem dry weight was reduced by 35%, and S. greggii total dry weight was reduced by 56%. The increase in canopy size was calculated 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatments began and was not affected by water source for C. linearis and T. stans, but was reduced for S. greggii and V. pulchella gracilior treated with reclaimed water. Up to 12% dieback and reduced flowering were observed on S. greggii irrigated with reclaimed water. Within 4 weeks of treatments, EC in the root zone was 0.5 dS·m-1 for plants irrigated with potable water and 1.9 dS·m-1 for those irrigated with reclaimed water. When exposed to drought, C. linearis and T. stans grown with reclaimed water maintained a more negative water potential as soil moisture was depleted. Osmotic potential started to increase significantly for both irrigation treatments when more than 25% moisture from fully saturated containers were lost. In general, plants irrigated with potable water sustained more damage than those irrigated with reclaimed water after recovering from a drought cycle.

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