Early-Season Treatment of Fig Buttercup (Ranunculus ficaria)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Mark N. Frey ◽  
John Paul Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Japanese Stiltgrass ◽  
Temperate Asia ◽  
Phenological Phases

Fig buttercup is a perennial herb native to Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa. In eastern North America, fig buttercup competes with native spring ephemerals, complicating control techniques. If chemical control could be shifted earlier in the year, the potential to negatively impact spring ephemerals would be reduced. We tested glyphosate applications on fig buttercup in northern Virginia under three early phenological phases (preflowering, early flowering, and 50% flowering) to assess the effectiveness of early-season treatment. Treating when approximately half of the plants in the population were in flower resulted in a 95% decline in fig buttercup. Treating when the first flower in the population had emerged resulted in a 90% decline. No later phenological phases were treated. Control of fig buttercup led to an increase in cover of Japanese stiltgrass, an invasive grass.

scholarly journals The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 141. Setaria faberi Herrm.

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Nurse ◽  
S. J. Darbyshire ◽  
C. Bertin ◽  
A. DiTommaso
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Growth Development

Setaria faberi, commonly known as giant foxtail, is an annual graminaceous weed that is native to eastern China, has colonized eastern North America and is expanding its range westward. This species is primarily self-pollinated and the only mechanism of reproduction is by seed. Adult plants may reach 2 m in height and produce over 2000 seeds per panicle. Seeds may possess non-deep physiological dormancy when freshly produced, and can form small persistent seed banks. If not controlled, S. faberi populations can cause severe yield reductions in corn and soybean crops. Several herbicides are available to provide chemical control; however, resistance to some modes of action, (ALS, ACCase, and Photosystem II) have been identified in Canada and the United States. Leaves and seeds of this species provide a food source to several species of mammals, birds, and insects. Key words: Setaria faberi, giant foxtail, growth, development, seed germination, diseases, herbicide

Effects of chemical control of the cotton aphid during the early season on cotton plants on natural enemies and yield

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chen ◽  
Z.-Q. Zhang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
G. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cotton Plants

scholarly journals Leaf Blight Disease on the Invasive Grass Microstegium vimineum Caused by a Bipolaris sp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Kleczewski ◽  
S. Luke Flory
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Microstegium Vimineum ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Japanese Stiltgrass ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Blight Disease

In 2009, a previously undescribed disease was found on the nonnative invasive annual grass Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stiltgrass). Diseased plants exhibited foliar lesions, wilting, and in some cases, death of entire plants. We identified the causal agent as a Bipolaris sp. similar to B. zeicola. We observed spores and associated structures characteristic of Bipolaris spp. growing from leaf lesions on field collected plants. Pure cultures of the fungus were made and spore suspensions were applied to laboratory-reared M. vimineum seedlings in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. Initial symptoms appeared on seedlings in the growth chamber experiment within 72 h of inoculation, and seedlings exhibited characteristic lesions within 10 days. The fungus was reisolated from lesions, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced to confirm its identity. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculated plants displayed characteristic lesions, and relatively greater spore loads increased disease incidence. Disease reduced seed head production by 40% compared to controls. This is the first report of a Bipolaris sp. causing disease on invasive M. vimineum. Following further analysis, including assays with co-occurring native species, this Bipolaris sp. may be considered as a biocontrol agent for invasive M. vimineum.

scholarly journals Management of Oxalis latifolia and Calystegia sepium in maize

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
A. Rahman ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
J.M. Mellsop ◽  
N. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Calystegia Sepium ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Fishtail oxalis (Oxalis latifolia) and pink bindweed (Calystegia sepium) are problem perennial weeds in maize crops Four field trials were conducted over two growing seasons to evaluate both cultural and chemical control methods The postemergence application of nicosulfuron provided good control of fishtail oxalis as did imazethapyr/imazapyr in imidazolinonetolerant maize Use of maize cultivars with strong early season growth or long staygreen attributes did not provide the expected reduction in oxalis bulb production Two trials with pink bindweed showed that the postemergence herbicides nicosulfuron dicamba and imazethapyr/imazapyr gave good control of this weed Postharvest crop management with stubble mulching cultivation or glyphosate treatment had little effect on pink bindweed but use of glyphosate as close as possible to maize planting significantly reduced the bindweed population

Problematic plant monitoring in Arkansas Post National Memorial: 2006–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Young
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Chinese Privet ◽  
Japanese Stiltgrass ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover, distribution, and location of these plants is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing these species. Based on surveys conducted in 2006, 2011, 2015, and 2019, Heartland Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 28 potentially problematic plant taxa in Arkansas Post National Memorial. Of the 23 species found in 2019, we characterized 9 as very low frequency, 7 as low frequency, 5 as medium frequency, and 2 as high frequency. Cover of all species was low with a single species slightly exceeding a 1-acre threshold based on a midpoint estimate. Efforts to control the woody invasive black locust, Chinese privet, and hardy orange appear to have successfully reduced the cover of these plants across the Memorial Unit. Japanese stiltgrass may have been increasing as recently as 2015, but a combination of recent flooding and control efforts may have stemmed the spread of this invasive grass. Efforts to control localized patches of Chinaberry tree also appear to have reduced the cover of this species. Outside of the problematic species currently subject

Termites as Agricultural Pests in Amazônia, Brazil

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Mill
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Amazonian Region

This paper presents a preliminary, qualitative assessment of termite damage in agriculture within the Amazonian region. The vast majority of farms are small holdings, of between 10 and 100 hectares, so no quantitative assessment of losses throughout the region has been attempted. A visual assessment suggests that individual crop losses due to termite attack may be as high as 65%. Current chemical control techniques are reviewed.

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