Invasive Blackberry Species in Oregon: Their Identity and Susceptibility to Rust Disease and the Implications for Biological Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bruckart ◽  
Jami L. Michael ◽  
Michal Sochor ◽  
Bohumil Trávníček
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Rubus Armeniacus ◽  
Survey Results

Two of the five species of European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. aggregate) along the West Coast of the United States are considered invasive. They are also similar in appearance. Biological control of invasive blackberry by Phragmidium violaceum, causal agent of a rust disease, had been under consideration when rust-diseased blackberry was discovered in Oregon in 2005. An investigation was initiated to determine whether this disease would be an important factor affecting population density of these blackberries. Surveys were made over a 5-yr period at more than 30 field sites in the Willamette Valley and along the Pacific coast of Oregon. Diseased and nondiseased blackberry specimens were collected for artificial greenhouse inoculations and for identification. The two blackberry species, Rubus armeniacus and R. praecox, were identified as the most invasive. They were readily distinguished morphologically on the basis of inflorescence and flower characteristics and to a certain extent by differences in primocane leaf and leaflet shape. Artificial greenhouse inoculation studies revealed that R. praecox was susceptible to the rust disease and that R. armeniacus was not. These results were confirmed during a field survey. Results of this investigation revealed that the rust disease will not be effective for biological control of R. armeniacus and other approaches to management of this particular species will be required.

War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-411
Author(s):  
Chris Madsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strategic Procurement

Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.

Fiesta and Famine

Hoptopia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
National Leader ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Live Music

With the repeal of Prohibition and the reemergence of a domestic beer market, Willamette Valley farmers once again caught “hop fever.” Acreage expanded to its peak level in history by 1936. This chapter explains how hop farmers became more organized and initiated the first successful hop grower organizations. These organizations achieved success in marketing controls and improving the region’s reputation. Simultaneously, Willamette Valley growers successfully expanded the celebratory nature of the hop harvest by implementing a Hop Fiesta to attract workers. The event became one of Oregon’s most important annual cultural affairs, as growers drew in thousands of harvest workers with the promise of clean camping, live music, dancing, parades, and even the crowning of a Hop Queen. Despite this success in the 1930s, however, a botanical disease, called downy mildew, had crept its way to the Pacific Coast, leaving many hop fields in ruins. By 1943, Oregon relinquished its hold as the national leader in hop production.

Host and geographic distribution of Skrjabinoclava spp. (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) in Nearctic shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes), and evidence for transmission in marine habitats in staging and wintering areas

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539-2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Wong ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Charadrius Wilsonia ◽  
Charadrius Semipalmatus

Twelve species of shorebirds belonging to the families Charadriidae (N = 3) and Scolopacidae (N = 9) were infected with 11 species of Skrjabinoclava and there was little overlap of parasites between these two families of birds. Most Skrjabinoclava spp. are transmitted apparently in marine staging and (or) wintering areas of their hosts, as indicated by the presence of larval stages of six species. There was no evidence that transmission occurs on the breeding grounds in freshwater habitats. Skrjabinoclava tupacincai, found predominantly in sanderlings (Calidris alba (Pallas)), is transmitted on the Pacific (Washington, California, Chile) and Atlantic coasts (New Jersey) in winter and the Gulf of Mexico (Florida and Texas) in winter and spring. Skrjabinoclava myersi was found, with a single exception, only in sanderlings, and transmission is apparently restricted to coastal Washington and California in winter. Skrjabinoclava bakeri, found predominantly in western sandpipers (Calidris mauri Cabanis), is transmitted on the Pacific coast (California) and in the Gulf of Mexico in winter. Skrjabinoclava morrisoni and Skrjabinoclava pusillae were found mainly in semipalmated sandpipers (Calidrispusilla (L.)). Both parasites are transmitted in the Gulf of Mexico in spring, but S. morrisoni is also transmitted in the Bay of Fundy in fall. Skrjabinoclava inornatae, found mainly in willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gmelin)), is transmitted in Louisiana, Texas, and Peru in winter. Skrjabinoclava kritscheri was found only in marbled godwits (Limosafedoa (L.)), and it is suggested that infected birds collected in southern Alberta in spring acquired their infections while wintering along the Pacific coast of the United States. Skrjabinoclava hartwichi, found in black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala (Vigors)) wintering in California and ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres (L.)) wintering in Peru, is transmitted along the Pacific coast of North America. Skrjabinoclava semipalmatae was found in semipalmated plovers (Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte) wintering in California. Skrjabinoclava wilsoniae was found in Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia Ord) wintering in Texas and in a black-bellied plover (Pluvialis squatarola (L.)) migrating through southern Alberta in spring. Skrjabinoclava bartlettae was found in black-bellied plovers collected in southern Alberta in spring and Louisiana in winter.

scholarly journals Traces and Representations of the U.S.-Mexico Frontera

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-172
Author(s):  
Katherine G. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Visual History

The following was the author’s presidential address at the annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association, in Northridge, California, on August 4, 2017. The twentieth-century visual history of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, la frontera, offers a rich set of representations of the shared border environments. Photographs, distributed in the United States and in Mexico, allow us to trace emerging ideas about the border region and the politicized borderline. This essay explores two border visualization projects—one centered on the Mexican Revolution and the visual vocabulary of the Mexican nation and the other on the repeat photography of plant ecologists—that illustrate the simultaneous instability and power of borders.

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