Effects of Disability on Job Search Among Older Workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hutton ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
Maria Mc Namara ◽  
Zhicheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Search Intensity ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preferred Hours

This article examines the impact of disability and related variables (age, gender, and education level) on job search behaviours and employment outcomes. Data are from a two-wave study of 681 Australians between the ages of 45 and 65 who were not in paid employment. Regression modelling indicates that disability impedes job search at several stages of the employment process. Although is it unrelated to job search intensity, disability is negatively associated with the probability of engaging in job search, preferred weekly hours of work, and the likelihood of finding work. Gender and age are related to the probability of engaging in job search and gender is also associated with preferred hours to work. These findings indicate that older workers with a disability face multiple disadvantages when seeking employment.

Selection biases that emerge when age meets gender

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1028-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica N. Ruggs ◽  
Michelle R. Hebl ◽  
Sarah Singletary Walker ◽  
Naomi Fa-Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
White Men ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Original Novel ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stable Employment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effects of gender and age on evaluations of job applicants. Given the double jeopardy hypothesis, the authors might anticipate that older women would be denigrated most in hiring evaluations. However, given expectations of normative gender behavior, the authors might anticipate that older men would be penalized most for not already having stable employment. This study aims to examine which hypothesis best describes selection biases based on age and gender. Design/methodology/approach – Stimuli depicting male and female job applicants at the various ages were developed. The stimuli were standardized by collecting facial photos of older White men and women at ages 20, 40, and 60, and morphing these faces onto standardized bodies using Adobe Photoshop. Participants viewed six stimuli, one from each age by gender combination, and made evaluations across job relevant dimensions. Findings – Results showed an interaction between age and gender, such that older male applicants were evaluated more negatively than older female and younger male applicants. These findings support for the violation of gender normative behavior hypothesis. Practical implications – This study has implications for organizational leaders who can use this information to provide training for selection officers concerning biases against older workers and how to avoid them. Originality/value – Original, novel stimuli are used in an experimental design to examine the effects of age in employment in a standardized manner which controls for extraneous variables such as attractiveness across age.

scholarly journals Mycological Analysis of the Oral Cavity of Patients Using Acrylic Removable Dentures

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej W. Loster ◽  
Jolanta Loster ◽  
Aneta Wieczorek ◽  
Wojciech Ryniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Oesophageal Mucosa ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mycological Examination ◽  
The Impact

Background. The problems of fungal infections in edentulous have been discussed in literature. Findings show that oral mycosis has an influence on the mycosis of oesophageal mucosa. Based on this we started to follow from 2007 in patients who wear dentures mycological examination, to evaluate changes of yeasts numbers, the sensitivity to antibiotics and determine the impact of types of prosthesis, time of using, gender and age of patients. 1230 patients who were wearing dentures participated in the retrospective study. The material for mycological examination was sampled as a smear from the palate. After the mycological identification ofCandidaspecies and assessment of growth, the susceptibility testing with Fluconazole and Nystatin was made. The number of 23Candidaspecies was diagnosed microbiologically in five years.C. albicansandC. glabratawere increasing in number—from 33,7% to 46,9% and 6,7% to 14,0%, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between yeasts growth and gender (P=0,017<0.05). The conclusion is that a large percentage of persons wearing removable denture has been affected byCandidaspecies and that could lead to the mycosis of farther gastrointestinal tract sections. The mycological examination before treatment, especially in patients using acrylic denture, appears to be necessary.

Disability and Job Search Among Older Workers: A Narrative Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hutton ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
Maria Mc Namara
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Employment Disability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Published Research

This article reviews published research on the effects of disability, age and gender on the job search process. Electronic databases (Medline [via Ovid], OT Seeker, CINAHL, AMED, and Proquest 5000) were used to identify studies focusing on job search and employment, disability, age, gender and other barriers to workforce participation. There has been extensive research on the effects of age and gender on the job search process, and the available evidence indicates that disability, age and gender play significant roles in shaping the job search processes of older workers. However, there has been little rigorous investigation of the role of disability and research specifically examining the relationships between disability, job search behaviours and employment outcomes was not identified. This is a significant gap in the literature on disability and participation in the labour market. Overall, this narrative review indicates that older workers with a disability face multiple disadvantages when seeking work, which impairs their ability to fully engage in the labour market.

Age and gender features of clinical course COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
OM Kovalyova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Features

The article presents the review of modern publications devoted the assessment the impact of age and gender on susceptibility, clinical manifestation and outcome of COVID-19 infection. Statistical data on rate of COVID-19 in relation to age categories and adverse clinical signs of disease in different populations are shown. Old and older ages are the predictors of severe coronavirus course and mortality are emphasized. Gender features of coronavirus infection have been described according to gender cardiology with taken in account the disproportion of hypertension and coronary heart disease in male and female. Due to the scientific research the gender and age peculiarities of immune response to virus infection is considered. The definition of hypothesis “immunosenescence” underlying adverse outcome due to COVID-19 in older patients is taken. Gender peculiarities of COVID-19 are presented by evident scientific data according to the relationship between sex hormone and immune inflammation factors

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of social sustainability within maintenance operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo M. Savino ◽  
Marco Macchi ◽  
Antonio Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criticality Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to primarily focus on labor in maintenance areas, addressing human rights issues, labor standards and safety standards. The main issue is to investigate how these factors are considered to drive the prioritization of maintenance interventions within maintenance plans. In particular, a method for criticality analysis of production equipment is proposed considering specific labor issues like age and gender, which can be useful to steer maintenance plans toward a more social perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The authors focus on the two main social issues of SA 8000 norms, age and gender, exploring how these issues may drive the selection of maintenance policies and the relative maintenance plans. The research is conducted through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) implemented within a failure mode effects analysis (FMEA). Findings – The research is conducted through fuzzy AHP implemented within a FMEA. The maintenance plans resulting from the FMEA driven by social issues are evaluated by a benchmark of three different scenarios. The results obtained allowed the firm to evaluate maintenance plans, considering the impact on workers’ health and safety, the environment, social issues like gender and age. Research limitations/implications – One of the main limitation of this research is that it should also encompass maintenance costs under social and safety perspective. The method developed should be extended by further study of maintenance planning decisions subject to budget constraints. Moreover, it would be worth evaluating the effect of adopting more proactive maintenance policies aimed at improving plant maintainability in view of what emerged during the test case in the presence of an aged workforce and the subsequent need to prevent and/or protect people from hidden risks. Practical implications – With reference to the results obtained from the two models of this scenario, the authors observed an increase of equipment criticality, from B class to the A class, and similarly from C class to B class. No equipment has reduced its criticality. This depends on the particular context and the relative weights of drivers indicated in its AHP matrixes. Social implications – The paper addressed the main social implication as well as other social issues represented by age and gender factors, which are normally neglected. The Action Research (AR) proved the effects resulted from considering either gender factor or gender and age factors at the same time for maintenance policy selection. All in all, an increase of criticality is evident even if “people” is a driver with less importance than “environment” and “structures.” Originality/value – The present work focussed on a new definition of a criticality ranking model to assign a maintenance policy to each component based on workers’ know-how and on their status. The approach is conceived by the application of a fuzzy logic structure and AHP to overcome uncertainties, which can rise during a decision process when there is a need to evaluate many criteria, ranging from economic to environmental and social dimensions.

scholarly journals Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic]

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kawar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Employment Characteristics

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.

scholarly journals Dental Treatments During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Three Hospitals in Jordan: Retrospective Study

10.2196/24371 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e24371
Author(s):  
Lina Obeidat ◽  
Nader Masarwa ◽  
Amjad AlWarawreh ◽  
Waddah El-Naji
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background Cases of COVID-19 first emerged in December 2019. Since then, the virus has spread rapidly worldwide, with daily increases in the numbers of infections and deaths. COVID-19 spreads via airborne transmission, which renders dental treatment a potential source of virus transmission. Dental treatments require the use of handpieces, ultrasonic devices, or air–water syringes, which generate considerable amounts of aerosols. Jordan, being one of the affected countries, instituted preventive lockdown measures on March 17, 2020. Emergency dental treatments were only allowed in dental clinics of the Royal Medical Services of Jordan Armed Forces and Ministry of Health, and were prohibited in other sectors such as private clinics and universities. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the dental treatments performed in three military hospitals during the 44-day lockdown period in Jordan. The investigation explores the impact of COVID-19 on the number of patients and types of performed dental treatments. Methods Data such as number of patients, patients’ age and gender, and performed dental treatments were collected retrospectively from the hospital records and were analyzed. Results Our results showed a 90% (17,591 to 1689) decrease in patient visits during the lockdown period compared to regular days. The total number of treatments (n=1689) during the lockdown period varied between endodontic cases (n=877, 51.9%), extraction and other surgical cases (n=374, 22.1%), restorative cases (n=142, 8.4%), orthodontic treatments (n=4, 0.2%), and other procedures (n=292, 17.3%). The differences in gender and age group among all clinics were statistically significant (P<.001 and P=.02, respectively). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the number of patients seeking dental treatments. It also affected the types of treatments performed. Endodontic treatment accounted for almost 50% of patient load during the lockdown compared to approximately 20% during regular days.

scholarly journals O3D.3 Medication as proxy of work-related health problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A28.1-A28
Author(s):  
Lode Godderis ◽  
Lieve Vandersmissen ◽  
Martijn Schouteden
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Specific Medication ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionIn order to investigate the impact of work on health, we hypothesize that medication consumption registered in medical files of workers could serve as a proxy for work-related health problems. In this study, we describe variations in prevalence of specific medication groups between sectors, adjusting for age and gender. In addition, we investigated whether a change in job/sector can have an impact on medication use.MethodLogistic regression analysis is being performed to investigate the effect of occupational sector on the prevalence of specific medication groups, adjusted for year, age and gender. For this, an occupational surveillance dataset of 6 86 434 workers collected between 2011 and 2017 was used. Additionally, regarding the impact on job changes on medication use, analyses are currently being performed by comparing prevalence of specific medication groups in 2011 with 2017 for those employees who changed job during this time period.Results and discussionIn 2011 30,6% male and 49,8% female workers used medication. These figures roze to 43,1% and 67,3% respectively in 2017. The use of medication increased with age: in 2017 38,2% for workers<25 year, 43,6% for 25–34 year old employees, 48,7% between 35–44 year, 61,6% between 45–54 year and 74,1% for older workers>=55 year. Big differences were observed between sectors. Medication use was highest in health care (67,1% in 2017), government and education. These differences remained after adjustment for age and gender. 9,8% and 9,1% of the workers were treated for respectively pain and neuropsychological disorders in 2017.ConclusionSignificant differences in workers’ medical consumption were observed between sectors. This information is now being used for the implementation of a sector-oriented health surveillance program.

Erratum

ILR Review ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
John M. Barron ◽  
Otis W. Gilley
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Insurance Benefits ◽  
Search Intensity ◽  
Unemployment Spell ◽  
Disincentive Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Job Search Intensity

The Impact of Unemployment Insurance on the Search Process A SERIOUS coding error in the data used in our recent article published in the April 1979 Review has been pointed out by Joe Stone of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Our paper proposed a test of Mortensen's hy-pothesis that both future expected unem- ployment insurance benefits and benefits re-ceived during a current unemployment spell affect an individual's search intensity. Regression 1, which remains unchanged, still provides no support for Mortensen's proposed effect of unemployment insurance benefits to be received during the subse- quent unemployment spell on the current job-search intensity of the unemployed. Regression 3, which remains unchanged, still indicates a distortion in the search process-in particular in the methods of search chosen-for current recipients of unem- ployment insurance benefits and the un- employed who are eligible and have applied for these benefits. The error affects the results of the estimnation of Equation 2. It occurred because unemployed individuals who were eligible and had applied for benefits were assigned zero weeks left to receive these benefits rather than the maximum allowable duration of benefits according to the individual's state of residence. As a result, the value of unem- ployment insurance benefits for these individuals was inadvertently set equal to zero. Yet these individuals, other things equal, were shown in our original study to have a measured job-search intensity 74 percent higher than individuals currently receiving unemployment insurance, a difference related to the time involved in the ap- plication process rather than to actual job- search efforts. Reestimation of Equation 2 controlling for this effect and correcting for the measure- ment error in the value of unemployment benefits results in one important change. The coefficient on the value of unemployment insurance benefits, though still negative, is riot different from zero for standard significance levels. A serious consequence is that the traditional disincentive effect of unemployment insurance on search in- tensity is not supported by our test. One explanation for this finding may be that individuals with larger values of unemployment benefits have a greater incentive to overstate search intensity since such benefits are dependent on search activity.

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