scholarly journals Core Elements of a State HAI/AR Program With Emphasis on Partnership Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s181-s182
Author(s):  
Cecilia Joshi ◽  
Elizabeth Mothershed ◽  
Wendy Vance ◽  
Anita McLees ◽  
Margaret Paek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
State And Local

Background: There is a critical need for comprehensive and effective healthcare- associated infection and antibiotic resistance (HAI/AR) programs in the United States. Since 2009, the CDC has funded and engaged public health, healthcare, academic, community, corporate, federal, and other stakeholders to develop effective HAI programs that rely upon such these stakeholders for success. State and local public health programs play a central role in these programs because they bridge healthcare and the community. They may regulate and assess facilities, collect and validate data on infections, and implement prevention programs. Myriad other state, federal, and privately supported stakeholders play essential roles. CDC is developing a framework for highly effective state HAI/AR programs that describes core program elements and can be used as a strategic tool, both in day to day processes and in a public health crisis, such the COVID-19 response. Program elements may include engaged leaders and champions, reliable data for action, effective policies, evaluation, program innovation, communications, and partner networks. This presentation describes a success framework for developing and leveraging HAI/AR partner networks to achieve and sustain their capacities and impact.Methods: CDC collected qualitative data in select states and combined with expert opinion to draft core elements for success among a network of partners working to achieve HAI/AR and COVID-19 response and prevention in states. The core elements serve as a foundation for the framework. Ongoing analyses will inform refinement of the core elements and framework. The CDC is gathering stakeholders’ input on the framework for applicability and usability in states, with the goal of national implementation. Results: Currently, data indicate the following core elements for partner networks: leadership, strategy and structure; policies; innovation and adaptability; implementation; expertise and resources; communications; and monitoring and evaluation. The framework includes a process for partner network development and sustenance, maturity levels, and supporting tools. States have reported support for core elements and agreed that a success framework is beneficial to achieving core elements. Multiple states have reported support for a process that includes building partner networks and clearly defining roles, as a critical step toward full implementation of Program core elements. Conclusions: A framework for building high-level strategy and competency in partner networks has never been developed for HAI/AR programs. Effective partner networks represent an essential core element of a comprehensive state HAI/AR program. This framework could be applied to a variety of programs and public health contexts, increasing the effectiveness of partner networks.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Spanish-Language News Consumption and Latino Reactions to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9629
Author(s):  
Barbara Gomez-Aguinaga ◽  
Ana L. Oaxaca ◽  
Matt A. Barreto ◽  
Gabriel R. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
News Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

While the literature on infectious disease outbreaks has examined the extent to which communication inequalities during public health emergencies exacerbate negative outcomes among disadvantaged individuals, the implications of ethnic media consumption among minority groups during these crises are underexplored. Making use of the first nationally representative survey of US Latinos (N = 1200) on the impact and reactions to COVID-19, this study examines the implications of Spanish-language news media consumption on source credibility and attitude formation during the COVID-19 pandemic among Latinos and immigrants from Latin America. Through a series of statistical analyses, this study finds that ethnic news consumption is strongly associated with trust in Spanish-language journalists, whereas mainstream media consumption is not associated with trust in English-language journalists. More importantly, this study finds that source credibility, particularly in Spanish-language journalists, matters for Latinos as it is associated with more positive assessments of state and local officials providing adequate information about COVID-19. This study illuminates the importance of non-traditional media among racial minorities, who account for almost 40% of the US population, and highlights the importance of shared backgrounds in source credibility among linguistically diverse groups in the United States during a public health crisis.

Unresolved Issues in Controlling the Tuberculosis Epidemic Among the Foreign-Born in the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-536
Author(s):  
Guido S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Year 2000

Tuberculosis (TB), “the world’s most neglected health crisis,” has returned after decades of decline, but has only gradually caught the attention of governments as a formidable threat to public health. By 1984, when TB cases hit an all-time low, federal and state governments stopped supporting the medical infrastructure that once served to contain the disease. State officials around the nation began dismantling laboratory research programs and closing TB clinics and sanitoria. Since 1985, however, TB rates have steadily increased to 26,673 reported cases in 1992, and some have estimated that by the year 2000, there could be a twenty percent increase. By 1993, Congress, realizing that TB could pose a major public health threat, allocated over $100 million to the Department of Health and Human Services for TB prevention and treatment programs. Those funds, however, were sorely needed years before and amounted to only a fraction of what public health officials believe necessary to control TB today.

Challenges of Designing and Implementing High Consequence Infectious Disease Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. King ◽  
Chetan Tiwari ◽  
Armin R. Mikler ◽  
Martin O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
State And Local

AbstractEbola is a high consequence infectious disease—a disease with the potential to cause outbreaks, epidemics, or pandemics with deadly possibilities, highly infectious, pathogenic, and virulent. Ebola’s first reported cases in the United States in September 2014 led to the development of preparedness capabilities for the mitigation of possible rapid outbreaks, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) providing guidelines to assist public health officials in infectious disease response planning. These guidelines include broad goals for state and local agencies and detailed information concerning the types of resources needed at health care facilities. However, the spatial configuration of populations and existing health care facilities is neglected. An incomplete understanding of the demand landscape may result in an inefficient and inequitable allocation of resources to populations. Hence, this paper examines challenges in implementing CDC’s guidance for Ebola preparedness and mitigation in the context of geospatial allocation of health resources and discusses possible strategies for addressing such challenges. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:563–566)

Mass Casualty Triage: An Evaluation of the Science and Refinement of a National Guideline

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brooke Lerner ◽  
David C. Cone ◽  
Eric S. Weinstein ◽  
Richard B. Schwartz ◽  
Phillip L. Coule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Triage Category

ABSTRACTMass casualty triage is the process of prioritizing multiple victims when resources are not sufficient to treat everyone immediately. No national guideline for mass casualty triage exists in the United States. The lack of a national guideline has resulted in variability in triage processes, tags, and nomenclature. This variability has the potential to inject confusion and miscommunication into the disaster incident, particularly when multiple jurisdictions are involved. The Model Uniform Core Criteria for Mass Casualty Triage were developed to be a national guideline for mass casualty triage to ensure interoperability and standardization when responding to a mass casualty incident. The Core Criteria consist of 4 categories: general considerations, global sorting, lifesaving interventions, and individual assessment of triage category. The criteria within each of these categories were developed by a workgroup of experts representing national stakeholder organizations who used the best available science and, when necessary, consensus opinion. This article describes how the Model Uniform Core Criteria for Mass Casualty Triage were developed.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:129-137)

Revealing public opinion towards COVID-19 vaccines with Twitter data in the United States: a spatiotemporal perspective (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Siqin Wang ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Mengxi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Events

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a large, initially uncontrollable, public health crisis both in the US and across the world, with experts looking to vaccines as the ultimate mechanism of defense. The development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly advancing via global efforts. Hence, it is crucial for governments, public health officials, and policy makers to understand public attitudes and opinions towards vaccines, such that effective interventions and educational campaigns can be designed to promote vaccine acceptance OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate public opinion and perception on COVID-19 vaccines by investigating the spatiotemporal trends of their sentiment and emotion towards vaccines, as well as how such trends relate to popular topics on Twitter in the US METHODS We collected over 300,000 geotagged tweets in the US from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We examined the spatiotemporal patterns of public sentiment and emotion over time at both national and state scales and identified three phases along the pandemic timeline with the significant changes of public sentiment and emotion, further linking to eleven key events and major topics as the potential drivers to induce such changes via cloud mapping of keywords and topic modelling RESULTS An increasing trend of positive sentiment in parallel with the decrease of negative sentiment are generally observed in most states, reflecting the rising confidence and anticipation of the public towards vaccines. The overall tendency of the eight types of emotion implies the trustiness and anticipation of the public to vaccination, accompanied by the mixture of fear, sadness and anger. Critical social/international events and/or the announcements of political leaders and authorities may have potential impacts on the public opinion on vaccines. These factors, along with important topics and manual reading of popular posts on eleven key events, help identify underlying themes and validate insights from the analysis CONCLUSIONS The analyses of near real-time social media big data benefit public health authorities by enabling them to monitor public attitudes and opinions towards vaccine-related information in a geo-aware manner, address the concerns of vaccine skeptics and promote the confidence of individuals within a certain region or community, towards vaccines

Curating the Evidence About COVID-19 for Frontline Public Health and Clinical Care: The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110587
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Redd ◽  
Lauren S. Peetluk ◽  
Brooke A. Jarrett ◽  
Colleen Hanrahan ◽  
Sheree Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The public health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a deluge of scientific research aimed at informing the public health and medical response to the pandemic. However, early in the pandemic, those working in frontline public health and clinical care had insufficient time to parse the rapidly evolving evidence and use it for decision-making. Academics in public health and medicine were well-placed to translate the evidence for use by frontline clinicians and public health practitioners. The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC), a group of >60 faculty and trainees across the United States, formed in March 2020 with the goal to quickly triage and review the large volume of preprints and peer-reviewed publications on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and summarize the most important, novel evidence to inform pandemic response. From April 6 through December 31, 2020, NCRC teams screened 54 192 peer-reviewed articles and preprints, of which 527 were selected for review and uploaded to the NCRC website for public consumption. Most articles were peer-reviewed publications (n = 395, 75.0%), published in 102 journals; 25.1% (n = 132) of articles reviewed were preprints. The NCRC is a successful model of how academics translate scientific knowledge for practitioners and help build capacity for this work among students. This approach could be used for health problems beyond COVID-19, but the effort is resource intensive and may not be sustainable in the long term.

Pornography and Public Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Sex And Sexuality

Pornography and Public Health explores the scientific evidence that helps answer the question: “Is sexually explicit media causing epidemic harm to human health?” It situates this question in the context of historical concerns that sex and sexuality have the power to radicalize people and legal cases that have defined obscenity in the United States. It reveals how pornography came to be considered a public health crisis in multiple US states despite a lack of support and involvement of any governmental public health agency. It also reviews peer-reviewed scientific findings that address whether pornography contributes to epidemics of sexual assault, intimate partner violence, human trafficking, child sexual exploitation, the dissolution of intimate relationships, eating disorders and body dissatisfaction, and compulsive use. Further, it discusses working conditions for pornography performers and outlines possible methods for improving them. It suggests that public health frameworks and tools can be applied meaningfully to analyses of pornography’s impact on health. This title is written for emerging public health advocates.

scholarly journals But is it Comprehensive? Unpacking the ‘comprehensive’ in comprehensive sexuality education

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Miedema ◽  
Marielle L J Le Mat ◽  
Frances Hague
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Comprehensive Sexuality Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Subject

Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) is increasingly gaining traction within the international community. CSE is regarded as an important means of informing young people about their rights and sexual health, improving public health outcomes and contributing to sustainable development. Context and objective: Considerable variation exists in understandings regarding what makes sexuality education ‘comprehensive’. To gain greater clarity on what CSE is seen to be and entails, and how this form of sexuality education compares with other approaches, a review of existing programmatic and scholarly literatures was conducted. Design: This literature review analyses a range of CSE guidelines and academic sources engaging with the subject of CSE, and sexuality education more broadly. Method: Analysis of stated goals and means of CSE to identify core components of this form of education. Results: Four sets of core CSE components are identified, yet the analysis shows that the intended breadth of this type of sexuality education leaves considerable space for interpretation, with key concepts often remaining abstract. Furthermore, addressing the core elements of CSE and achieving its ‘emancipatory’ goals can work to exclude particular perspectives and subjectivities. Conclusion: The review draws attention to the politics of knowledge production at play in decisions concerning what is deemed ‘comprehensive’, for whom, when and where. It concludes that the notion of ‘comprehensive’ is a matter of degree, and that reaching consensus on a set of universal standards regarding what can be deemed as ‘comprehensive’ may neither be possible nor desirable. The analysis will be useful for those interested in more careful engagement with CSE and, specifically, in examining features that, in practice, may run counter to the original goals.

scholarly journals Multiscale dynamic human mobility flow dataset in the U.S. during the COVID-19 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Kang ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Yunlei Liang ◽  
Mingxiao Li ◽  
Jinmeng Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Behaviour Changes

AbstractUnderstanding dynamic human mobility changes and spatial interaction patterns at different geographic scales is crucial for assessing the impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions (such as stay-at-home orders) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this data descriptor, we introduce a regularly-updated multiscale dynamic human mobility flow dataset across the United States, with data starting from March 1st, 2020. By analysing millions of anonymous mobile phone users’ visits to various places provided by SafeGraph, the daily and weekly dynamic origin-to-destination (O-D) population flows are computed, aggregated, and inferred at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state. There is high correlation between our mobility flow dataset and openly available data sources, which shows the reliability of the produced data. Such a high spatiotemporal resolution human mobility flow dataset at different geographic scales over time may help monitor epidemic spreading dynamics, inform public health policy, and deepen our understanding of human behaviour changes under the unprecedented public health crisis. This up-to-date O-D flow open data can support many other social sensing and transportation applications.

scholarly journals 1194. Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Kentucky: Initial 6 Months of Mechanism Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S361-S361
Author(s):  
Kevin Spicer ◽  
Katelyn Cox ◽  
Rachel Zinner ◽  
Andrea Flinchum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Background A global rise in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has been noted over the past two decades. State and local data on CRE are necessary to better inform public health interventions. Methods Reporting of CRE (i.e., Enterobacteriaceae resistant to any carbapenem or shown to produce a carbapenemase) was mandated in Kentucky in 2015. Voluntary submission of isolates to the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network regional laboratory for carbapenemase testing began September 2017. Demographic data collected as part of reporting included age, sex, county of residence, and inpatient/outpatient status. Descriptive and chi-square analyses were performed. Results Between September 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018, 149 CRE were reported to the Kentucky Department for Public Health. Testing for presence of a carbapenemase was performed on 115 isolates (77.2%); 44 (38.3%) were carbapenemase producing (CP)-CRE and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was identified from 38 (86.4%). Also identified were Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM; 5, 11.4%) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM; 1, 2.3%). Identification of carbapenemase varied among genera: Citrobacter (3/4, 75%), Klebsiella (21/40, 52.5%), Serratia (2/5, 40%), Escherichia (6/20, 30%), Enterobacter (11/41, 26.8%), Proteus (0/4, 0%), other genera (1/2, 50%). CRE isolates from urban or suburban areas were more likely CP-CRE than were those from rural areas (30/65, 46.2% vs. 14/50, 28%, P = 0.047). Carbapenemase was identified more often among CRE isolates from currently hospitalized patients than from patients whose cultures were collected outside of an acute care hospital (37/70, 52.8% vs. 7/45, 15.6%; P < 0.001). Conclusion The percentage of CRE that were CP-CRE in Kentucky was comparable with that reported for the United States (38 vs. 32%). Klebsiella spp., the genera historically associated with CP-CRE, made up less than half of CP-CRE. CP isolates were identified from urban, suburban, and rural settings and more frequently from isolates collected in hospitals compared with the community. The additional epidemiology obtained as part of this reporting system has identified metropolitan areas of the state as targets for CRE prevention efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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