Reduction in Clostridium difficile infection rates following a multifacility prevention initiative in Orange County, California: A controlled interrupted time series evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Rizzo ◽  
Sarah H. Yi ◽  
Erin P. Garcia ◽  
Matt Zahn ◽  
Erin Epson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Orange County ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Bay Area

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the Orange County Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevention collaborative’s effect on rates of CDI in acute-care hospitals (ACHs) in Orange County, California.Design:Controlled interrupted time series.Methods:We convened a CDI prevention collaborative with healthcare facilities in Orange County to reduce CDI incidence in the region. Collaborative participants received onsite infection control and antimicrobial stewardship assessments, interactive learning and discussion sessions, and an interfacility transfer communication improvement initiative during June 2015–June 2016. We used segmented regression to evaluate changes in monthly hospital-onset (HO) and community-onset (CO) CDI rates for ACHs. The baseline period comprised 17 months (January 2014–June 2015) and the follow-up period comprised 28 months (September 2015–December 2017). All 25 Orange County ACHs were included in the CO-CDI model to account for direct and indirect effects of the collaborative. For comparison, we assessed HO-CDI and CO-CDI rates among 27 ACHs in 3 San Francisco Bay Area counties.Results:HO-CDI rates in the 15 participating Orange County ACHs decreased 4% per month (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97; P < .0001) during the follow-up period compared with the baseline period and 3% (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99; P = .002) per month compared to the San Francisco Bay Area nonparticipant ACHs. Orange County CO-CDI rates declined 2% per month (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00; P = .03) between the baseline and follow-up periods. This decline was not statistically different from the San Francisco Bay Area ACHs (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00; P = .09).Conclusions:Our analysis of ACHs in Orange County provides evidence that coordinated, regional multifacility initiatives can reduce CDI incidence.

A Dynamic Model of Housing Supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Housing Supply ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Model Features ◽  
Unique Dataset ◽  
Forward Looking

This paper estimates a dynamic microeconometric model of housing supply. The model features forward-looking landowners who optimally choose both the timing and the nature of construction while taking into account expectations about future prices and costs. The model is estimated using a unique dataset describing individual landowners in the San Francisco Bay Area. Results indicate that geographic and time-series variation in costs are key to understanding where and when construction occurs. Pro-cyclical costs provide an incentive for some landowners to build before price peaks. Results also indicate that landowners actively “time” the market, which reduces the elasticity of supply. (JEL C51, D12, E32, R21, R23, R31)

INVESTIGATION AND CLEANUP OF FUEL TANK LEAKS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA—A REGULATORY STRATEGY

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Don M. Eisenberg ◽  
Adam W. Olivieri ◽  
Peter W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Fuel Tanks

ABSTRACT During the past few years, contamination associated with underground chemical storage has been found to have caused extensive degradation of otherwise usable groundwater in many locations. In response, many cities within the San Francisco Bay area are presently implementing ordinances that require monitoring of underground tanks including fuel tanks. In addition, recently enacted state laws will require some form of rigorous monitoring for fuel tanks throughout California. Implementation of fuel leak monitoring programs will result in the discovery of a significant number of additional fuel leak sites. The authors project that 200 to 300 reports of subsurface fuel contamination will be generated during the next year in the San Francisco Bay area. To deal with this overwhelming increase in regulatory workload it is likely that some level of initial response to fuel leaks may be delegated to local governments. For the above reasons, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, is developing formalized response procedures to provide a consistent and adequate preliminary response to initial reports of suspected or confirmed underground fuel leaks. These procedures are intended to provide a screening process to minimize additional follow-up where it is not required and to ensure such follow-up where it is necessary. The proposed procedures will be the subject of several public workshops and at least one formal public hearing before they are considered final. They are described here in an attempt to stimulate further technical input to the public discussion process and to possibly provide a model for use by others who will be faced with similar decision-making needs as similar ordinances and regulations are adopted throughout the state and in other states.

A Qualitative Study of Ecstasy Sellers in the San Francisco Bay Area

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheigla Murphy ◽  
Paloma Sales ◽  
Micheline Duterte ◽  
Camille Jacinto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Bay Area

Cyborg Jotería Pedagogies: Latinx Drag Queens Leveraging Communication Ecologies in the Age of the Digital and Social Displacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
José Ramón Lizárraga ◽  
Arturo Cortez
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Drag Queen ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Online Presence ◽  
Drag Queens

Researchers and practitioners have much to learn from drag queens, specifically Latinx queens, as they leverage everyday queerness and brownness in ways that contribute to pedagogy locally and globally, individually and collectively. Drawing on previous work examining the digital queer gestures of drag queen educators (Lizárraga & Cortez, 2019), this essay explores how non-dominant people that exist and fluctuate in the in-between of boundaries of gender, race, sexuality, the physical, and the virtual provide pedagogical overtures for imagining and organizing for new possible futures that are equitable and just. Further animated by Donna Haraway’s (2006) influential feminist post-humanist work, we interrogate how Latinx drag queens as cyborgs use digital technologies to enhance their craft and engage in powerful pedagogical moves. This essay draws from robust analyses of the digital presence of and interviews with two Latinx drag queens in the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as the online presence of a Xicanx doggie drag queen named RuPawl. Our participants actively drew on their liminality to provoke and mobilize communities around socio-political issues. In this regard, we see them engaging in transformative public cyborg jotería pedagogies that are made visible and historicized in the digital and physical world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document