scholarly journals Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Breast Oncosurgery in a Setting With a High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Common Sense Infection Control Measures Are More Important Than Prolonged Antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Agarwal ◽  
Sanjit Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽  
Soumitra Shankar Datta ◽  
Sanjoy Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
High Prevalence

Healthcare-associated infections and infection control

2017 ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Pascal Astagneau ◽  
Elise Seringe ◽  
François Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Older People ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in older people frequently occur in mid or long-term cares facilities. The most frequent infections are those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue, and gastrointestinal tract. The spectrum of pathogens are different in epidemic and endemic situations. Outbreaks occurring in long-term care frequently involve seasonal viruses such influenza, scabies, and multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Clostridium difficile. Ageing is a risk factor for HAI, which impairs immunological, metabolical, and neurological functions. Indwelling devices, poor nutritional status, and lack of mobility also increase the infection risk in the cared-for elderly. Infection control measures have to be implemented according to standard recommendations, including the use of alcohol-based hand rubs. Control measures should be adapted to the organization of healthcare facilites for older people, in particular environment and poor staff ressources. Focus should be made on vaccination programme of healthcare staff, especially against influenza.

Optimizing Hospital Infection Control: The Role of Mathematical Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan N. Doan ◽  
David C. M. Kong ◽  
Carl M. J. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Emma S. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are major causes of nosocomial infections and are associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Preventive strategies have therefore become increasingly important. Mathematical modeling has been widely used to understand the transmission dynamics of nosocomial infections and the quantitative effects of infection control measures. This review will explore the principles of mathematical modeling used in nosocomial infections and discuss the effectiveness of infection control measures investigated using mathematical modeling.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1521–1530

Prävention und Diagnostik multiresistenter Erreger

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (09) ◽  
pp. 634-642
Author(s):  
Simone Scheithauer ◽  
Martin Kaase
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Long Time

AbstractPatients colonized or infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are entitled to the same medical treatment as other patients and infection control measures based on the current evidence are not in conflict with this aim. Recent studies indicate that the correct sampling technique is of utmost importance when screening for MRSA and usage of certain swabs might reduce the sensitivity considerably. Despite improvements in diagnostic strategies for direct MRSA detection by PCR, false positive results cannot be totally excluded. With regard to multidrug-resistant gramnegative bacteria differences between species should be emphasized to tailor infection control measures. E. g. easier transmissibility has been shown for K. pneumoniae compared to E. coli. Hospitals in Germany should strictly employ screening for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales as well as A. baumannii in all patients hospitalized abroad within the previous year. To avoid unnecessary social exclusion of MDR patients it must be emphasized that contact precautions are recommended for hospitals and not for long-time care facilities.

Healthcare personnel experiences implementing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection control measures at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility—A qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Katharina R. Rynkiewich ◽  
Jinal Makhija ◽  
Mary Carl M. Froilan ◽  
Ellen C. Benson ◽  
Alice Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resident Care ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract Objective: Ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities (vSNFs) are critical to the epidemiology and control of antibiotic-resistant organisms. During an infection prevention intervention to control carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), we conducted a qualitative study to characterize vSNF healthcare personnel beliefs and experiences regarding infection control measures. Design: A qualitative study involving semistructured interviews. Setting: One vSNF in the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan region. Participants: The study included 17 healthcare personnel representing management, nursing, and nursing assistants. Methods: We used face-to-face, semistructured interviews to measure healthcare personnel experiences with infection control measures at the midpoint of a 2-year quality improvement project. Results: Healthcare personnel characterized their facility as a home-like environment, yet they recognized that it is a setting where germs were ‘invisible’ and potentially ‘threatening.’ Healthcare personnel described elaborate self-protection measures to avoid acquisition or transfer of germs to their own household. Healthcare personnel were motivated to implement infection control measures to protect residents, but many identified structural barriers such as understaffing and time constraints, and some reported persistent preference for soap and water. Conclusions: Healthcare personnel in vSNFs, from management to frontline staff, understood germ theory and the significance of multidrug-resistant organism transmission. However, their ability to implement infection control measures was hampered by resource limitations and mixed beliefs regarding the effectiveness of infection control measures. Self-protection from acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms was a strong motivator for healthcare personnel both outside and inside the workplace, and it could explain variation in adherence to infection control measures such as a higher hand hygiene adherence after resident care than before resident care.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Cirrhotic Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Is It Time to Change the Standard Antimicrobial Approach?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo De Conto Oliveira ◽  
Enrique Carrera ◽  
Roberta C. Petry ◽  
Caroline Deutschendorf ◽  
Augusto Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
End Stage

Introduction. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) has a deleterious clinical impact in end-stage liver disease, and multidrug resistance has increased, raising concern about effectiveness of traditional antibiotic regimens. Patients and Methods. Single-center retrospective study of ascitic fluid infections in cirrhotic patients. Results. We analyzed medical records related to 2129 culture-positive ascitic fluid and found 183 samples from cirrhotic patients. There were 113 monobacterial SBP cases from 97 cirrhotic patients; 57% of patients were male; hepatitis C and alcohol were the main etiologies for cirrhosis. Multidrug resistant bacteria were isolated in 46.9% of SBP samples, and third-generation cephalosporin and quinolone resistant reached 38.9% and 25.7% of SBP cases. Conclusion. SBP due to multidrug resistant bacteria is a growing problem, and one should consider reported resistance profiles for the decision-making process of empirical first-line treatment prescription.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Epidemiology: Using Real-Time Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing To Support Infection Control Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2850-2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Dekker ◽  
Karen M. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Substantial Morbidity ◽  
Multilocus Sequencing

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tracking the nosocomial spread of resistant bacteria is critical to infection control. Mellmann et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 54:2874–2881, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00790-16 ) have described prospective whole-genome sequencing with core genome multilocus sequencing typing (cgMLST) analysis for real-time surveillance and have addressed the practical aspects of implementing this type of operation in the hospital setting.

scholarly journals TB management in the European Union/European Economic Area: a multi‐centre survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
G. Sotgiu ◽  
S. Rosales-Klintz ◽  
R. Centis ◽  
L. D'Ambrosio ◽  
R. Verduin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Economic Area

BACKGROUND: Essential TB care in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) comprises 21 standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB that constitute the European Union Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ESTC).METHODS: In 2017, we conducted an audit on TB management and infection control measures against the ESTC standards. TB reference centres in five EU/EEA countries were purposely selected to represent the heterogeneous European TB burden and examine geographic variability.RESULTS: Data from 122 patients, diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 with multidrug-resistant TB (n = 49), extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB) (n = 11), pre‐XDR‐TB (n = 29) and drug‐susceptible TB (n = 33), showed that TB diagnosis and treatment practices were in general in agreement with the ESTC.CONCLUSION: Overall, TB management and infection control practices were in agreement with the ESTC in the selected EU/EEA reference centres. Areas for improvement include strengthening of integrated care services and further implementation of patient‐centred approaches.

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