scholarly journals Review of the current status of fast ignition research at the IAPCM

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-bo Cai ◽  
Si-zhong Wu ◽  
Jun-feng Wu ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Computational Mathematics

AbstractWe review the present status and future prospects of fast ignition (FI) research of the theoretical group at the IAPCM (Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing) as a part of the inertial confinement fusion project. Since the approval of the FI project at the IAPCM, we have devoted our efforts to improving the integrated codes for FI and designing advanced targets together with the experimental group. Recent FI experiments [K. U. Akli et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 065402 (2012)] showed that the petawatt laser beam energy was not efficiently converted into the compressed core because of the beam divergence of relativistic electron beams. The coupling efficiency can be improved in three ways: (1) using a cone–wire-in-shell advanced target to enhance the transport efficiency, (2) using external magnetic fields to collimate fast electrons, and (3) reducing the prepulse level of the petawatt laser beam. The integrated codes for FI, named ICFI, including a radiation hydrodynamic code, a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code, and a hybrid fluid–PIC code, have been developed to design this advanced target at the IAPCM. The Shenguang-II upgraded laser facility has been constructed for FI research; it consists of eight beams (in total $24~ {\rm kJ}/3\omega $, 3 ns) for implosion compression, and a heating laser beam (0.5–1 kJ, 3–5 ps) for generating the relativistic electron beam. A fully integrated FI experiment is scheduled for the 2014 project.

scholarly journals Inertial confinement fusion fast ignition with ultra-relativistic electron beams

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deutsch ◽  
J.-P. Didelez
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Final State Interaction ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Final State ◽  
Relativistic Electron Beams ◽  
Strong Langmuir Turbulence ◽  
Confinement Fusion

AbstractInertial confinement fusion fast ignition at very high relativistic electron beam energy is systematically explored through a possible combination of various stopping mechanisms including strong Langmuir turbulence, elastic, and inelastic electron interactions with target particles. A specific attention is given to final state interaction through catalysis by negative pion.

scholarly journals Laser amplification by electric pulse power

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. WINTERBERG
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Pulse Power ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Pinch Effect ◽  
Laser Amplification ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Indirect Drive

It is proposed that it is possible to amplify the energy of a pulsed laser beam by imploding it inside a capillary metallic liner. If imploded with megaampere currents by the pinch effect, implosion velocities up to ∼3 × 108 cm/s can be reached, imploding a few cm long liner with an inner radius of 2 × 10−3 cm in about ∼10−10 s. If the liner radius can be imploded by 30-fold, the laser pulse would in the absence of absorption losses into the linear wall be amplified 1000-fold. Because the amplification is through the conversion from longer to shorter wave lengths, the concept offers the prospect of intense short wave length laser pulses in the far ultraviolet and soft X-ray domain. Apart from the direct drive laser beam compression by the pinch effect, an alternative indirect drive through the conversion of the electric pulse power into soft X-rays is possible as well. The limitations of this concept are the absorption losses into the liner wall, and ways to overcome these losses are presented. The most important application of the proposed laser amplification scheme might be for the fast ignition of various inertial confinement fusion schemes. An integrated fast ignition inertial confinement fusion concept using the indirect drive is also presented.

scholarly journals Onset of coherent electromagnetic structures in the relativistic electron beam deuterium-tritium fuel interaction of fast ignition concern

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Deutsch ◽  
A. Bret ◽  
M.-C. Firpo ◽  
L. Gremillet ◽  
E. Lefebvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Target System ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Large Wave

AbstractWe focus attention on the combinations of swiftly growing electromagnetic instabilities (EMI) arising in the interaction of relativistic electron beams (REB) with precompressed deuterium-tritium (DT) fuels of fast ignition interest for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). REB-target system is taken neutral in charge and current with distribution functions including target and beam temperatures. We stress also the significant impact on modes growth rates (GR) of mode-mode coupling and intrabeam scattering. Collisional damping is documented at large wave numbers in terms of inverse skin depth. A quasi-linear approach yields lower GR than linear ones. One of the most conspicuous output of the linear analysis are three-dimensional (3D) broken ridges featuring the largest GR above k-space for an oblique propagation w.r.t initial particle beam direction. The given modes are seen immune to any temperature induced damping. Those novel patterns are easily produced by considering simultaneously Weibel, filamentation and two-stream instabilities. The behaviors persist in the presence of smooth density gradients or strong applied magnetic fields. Moreover, in the very early propagation stage with no current neutralization in the presence of large edge density gradients, REB demonstrate a characteristics ringlike and regularly spiked pattern in agreement with recent experimental results and previous simulations.

scholarly journals Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieru Ren ◽  
Zhigang Deng ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Benzheng Chen ◽  
Bubo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Proton Beams

Abstract Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion.

scholarly journals Generation of shock waves in dense plasmas by high-intensity laser pulses

Nukleonika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pasley ◽  
I. A. Bush ◽  
Alexander P. L. Robinson ◽  
P. P. Rajeev ◽  
S. Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confinement Fusion

Abstract When intense short-pulse laser beams (I > 1022 W/m2, τ < 20 ps) interact with high density plasmas, strong shock waves are launched. These shock waves may be generated by a range of processes, and the relative significance of the various mechanisms driving the formation of these shock waves is not well understood. It is challenging to obtain experimental data on shock waves near the focus of such intense laser–plasma interactions. The hydrodynamics of such interactions is, however, of great importance to fast ignition based inertial confinement fusion schemes as it places limits upon the time available for depositing energy in the compressed fuel, and thereby directly affects the laser requirements. In this manuscript we present the results of magnetohydrodynamic simulations showing the formation of shock waves under such conditions, driven by the j × B force and the thermal pressure gradient (where j is the current density and B the magnetic field strength). The time it takes for shock waves to form is evaluated over a wide range of material and current densities. It is shown that the formation of intense relativistic electron current driven shock waves and other related hydrodynamic phenomena may be expected over time scales of relevance to intense laser–plasma experiments and the fast ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion. A newly emerging technique for studying such interactions is also discussed. This approach is based upon Doppler spectroscopy and offers promise for investigating early time shock wave hydrodynamics launched by intense laser pulses.

scholarly journals Development of high-performance KrF and Raman laser facilities for inertial confinement fusion and other applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Shaw ◽  
B. Edwards ◽  
G.J. Hirst ◽  
C.J. Hooker ◽  
M.H. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Raman Laser ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Laser Amplifiers

This article describes the current status of the KrF development programme based on the Sprite laser system at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. High reliability and high shot rate have been demonstrated. Using a unique KrF-pumped Raman laser architecture, beam brightness exceeding 2×1019 Wcm-2 sterad-1 giving a focussed intensity >5 ×1017 Wcm-2 has been achieved. The development of transform-limited short-pulse oscillators is shown to be of importance in avoiding spectral broadening in air propagation of high-intensity beams. Beam smoothing of KrF beams in a multiplexed configuration has been demonstrated for the first time. The technique of echelon-free induced spatial incoherence has been shown to produce smooth intensity distributions in the far field, which remain essentially unchanged on amplification. The development of pulsed-power systems capable of exciting multikilojoule laser amplifiers for the next phase of development, the Supersprite system, is briefly discussed.

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